ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to translate, and perform a cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) for Brazilian children and adolescents Materials and Methods: Six steps were performed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis of translations, (3) back-translation, (4) pre-final version of the translated instrument, (5) pilot test and degree of comprehensibility and (6) elaboration of the Brazilian version of the VSS. For validation, the Brazilian Dysfunctional Voiding Score (DVSS) questionnaire was used. Results: Validation was performed on a sample of 107 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.84 years, presenting BBD and 107 without BBD (control group-CG). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) between total VSS score and total DVSS score. VSS was higher in patients with BBD (p < 0.0001). The internal consistency estimated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 for patients with BBD. The VSS showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.001). A cut-off value of >11 points produced a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 85.1% to 95.6%). Conclusion: The translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated VSS for the Brazilian population is a reliable and valid tool to identify symptoms of BBD in children and adolescents aged five to 16 years, whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

ABSTRACT Objective: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a prevalent condition in childhood, and the pathophysiology is multifactorial. This study investigated the relationship between the toilet training process (TT) and PMNE in children and adolescents. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2020. The presence of PMNE was identified according to International Children's Continence Society criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess TT. Results: The study included 103 children and adolescents with PMNE and 269 participants with normal psychomotor development without PMNE (control group [CG]). Readiness signals were more remembered and less frequent in participants with PMNE (p=0.001) when compared to control group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the onset age of the daytime TT (p= 0.10), the nocturnal TT (p=0.08), the acquisition of daytime continence (p=0.06), and the type of equipment used for the TT (p=0.99). The use of Child-Oriented approach in group of children with enuresis was lower than in controls [87.4% (90/103) versus 94% (250/266)], respectively (OR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.94, p = 0.039). Conclusions: The age of onset of TT, acquisition of daytime continence, and the type of equipment were not associated with higher occurrence of PMNE. On the other hand, the Child-Oriented approach was a protective factor for the occurrence of PMNE.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar uma revisão sobre as alterações renais nos pacientes com COVID-19. MÉTODOS Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura para buscar estudos referentes a pacientes com alterações renais clínicas, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicas durante a infecção por SARS-CoV-2. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Scopus e Embase, com as palavras-chaves: “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “Sars-CoV-2”, “kidney injury” e “kidney disease”, para identificar artigos originais publicados na literatura até 07 de maio de 2020. Quinze estudos trouxeram alterações renais clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes com COVID-19, e três abordaram análises anatomopatológicas. DISCUSSÃO A Lesão renal aguda (LRA) foi um achado relevante nos pacientes com COVID-19. Houve também alterações significativas nos exames laboratoriais que indicam lesão renal, como o nível de creatinina e ureia séricas, proteinúria e hematúria. As alterações laboratoriais e a LRA foram importantes nos pacientes que desenvolveram o quadro grave da doença. Há considerável prevalência de LRA nos grupos de pacientes que vieram a óbito. Na análise histopatológica de pacientes com SARS-CoV-2 foram encontrados achados renais sugestivos que o vírus poderia ter efeitos diretos sobre o rim. CONCLUSÃO A COVID-19 é uma doença que, apesar de acometer principalmente os pulmões, também acomete os rins. Aumento das escórias nitrogenadas, hematúria, proteinúria e LRA foram achados frequentes em pacientes com quadros graves da COVID-19. Esses achados foram relacionados a maior mortalidade. É necessária a realização de mais estudos com enfoque nas alterações renais e suas implicações no quadro clínico causadas pelo novo coronavírus.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We aimed to present a review of renal changes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify original articles regarding clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological kidney changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 published until May 7, 2020. The search was carried out across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using the keywords “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “kidney injury” and “kidney disease”. Fifteen studies presented clinical and laboratory renal changes in patients with COVID-19, and three addressed anatomopathological changes. DISCUSSION Acute kidney injury (AKI) was a relevant finding in patients with COVID-19. There were also significant changes in laboratory tests that indicated kidney injury, such as increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria, and hematuria. The presence of laboratory abnormalities and AKI were significant in severely ill patients. There was a considerable prevalence of AKI among groups of patients who died of COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of the kidney tissue of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the virus may directly affect the kidneys. CONCLUSION Although COVID-19 affects mainly the lungs, it can also impact the kidneys. Increased serum creatinine and BUN, hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI were frequent findings in patients with severe COVID-19 and were related to an increased mortality rate. Further studies focusing on renal changes and their implications for the clinical condition of patients infected with the novel coronavirus are needed.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as implicações das fontes para a construção da percepção de Autoeficácia Docente. Participaram da investigação 274 universitários de dois cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física no sul do Brasil. Aplicou-se as escalas de autoeficácia docente e fontes de autoeficácia docente. Modelos de regressão multinível foram utilizados para verificar a contribuição das fontes de autoeficácia docente na percepção de universitários. Os resultados mostraram que os universitários apresentaram nível de autoeficácia docente elevado. Sobre as fontes de autoeficácia, revelaram que a experiência vicária teve correlação moderada com o nível de percepção apresentado. Também evidenciaram que as experiências diretas contribuíram no nível de percepção dos universitários com experiência docente, com maior progressão no curso e que realizaram estágio obrigatório. Da mesma maneira, a fonte vicária contribuiu para aqueles com experiência docente. De forma semelhante, a fonte de persuasão social, afetando os universitários com experiência esportiva e ou docente. Por fim, a fonte de estados fisiológicos afetou os universitários nas variáveis estágios obrigatórios, experiência docente e progressão no curso. Conclui-se que os universitários percebem-se autoeficazes, que as fontes de experiência vicária proporcionaram uma percepção elevada e que as demais fontes contribuíram para a autoeficácia docente.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to analyze the implications of the sources that construct the perception of self-efficacy in teaching. A total of 274 university students from two undergraduate courses in Physical Education in Southern Brazil participated in the research.The scales of teacher self-efficacy and the self-efficacy sources were applied. Multilevel regression models were used to verify the contribution of the sources of teacher self-efficacy to the perception of the university students. The results showed that the university students had high levels of self-efficacy. The sources of self-efficacy revealed that vicarious experiences had a moderate correlation with level of perception. They also showed that direct experiences contributed to the level of perception of university students with teaching experience, in upper levels of the course, and who underwent mandatory internships. This was similar to the vicarious source for those with teaching experience, as well as the source of social persuasion, which affects university students with sports and/or teaching experience. Lastly, the source of physiological states contributed to mandatory internships, teaching experience, and progression in the course. In conlcusion, the students perceive themselves as self-efficacious, the source of vicarious experience had a high perception, and other sources contributed to the teachers’ self-efficacy.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características das notificações de eventos adversos pós-vacinação (EAPV) no Sistema de Informação da Vigilância de EAPV (SI-EAPV) on-line nos primeiros 2 anos de operação do sistema. Método Foi realizado um estudo descritivo dos registros de EAPV notificados no SI-EAPV entre julho de 2014 e junho de 2016. Resultados Durante o período do estudo, foram registradas 24 732 notificações. De 5 570 municípios brasileiros, 2 571 (46,2%) realizaram notificação de algum EAPV. Entretanto, somente 1 622 (6,6%) notificações estavam encerradas no momento do estudo; dessas, 89,9% não apresentaram gravidade. Entre as notificações encerradas, 19,7% não tiveram o preenchimento da variável “atendimento médico” e 98,7% não apresentaram registro de exames laboratoriais. As manifestações clínicas sistêmicas neurológicas foram as mais frequentes entre os eventos adversos graves encerrados, correspondendo a 59,5% dos sinais e sintomas. Em relação à idade, os maiores coeficientes de notificação foram registrados entre os menores de 4 anos. Conclusão O SI-EAPV mostra-se útil no monitoramento da segurança das vacinas. Contudo, os municípios precisam ampliar a adesão ao sistema, bem como realizar as investigações e notificações dos EAPV, preenchendo a ficha de notificação de forma adequada e oportuna. O conhecimento sobre EAPV pode ser aplicado na prática dos serviços de vigilância em saúde, melhorando a segurança de utilização dos imunobiológicos.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the characteristics of vaccine adverse events (VAE) reports in the online VAE Reporting System (VAE-RS) after 2 years of operation. Method A descriptive analysis of VAE reports entered into the VAE-RS between July 2014 and June 2016 was performed. Results During the study period, 24 732 VAE were reported. Of 5 570 Brazilian municipalities, 2 571 (46.2%) reported at least one VAE; however, only 1 622 (6.6%) reports had been completed/closed at the end of the study period. Of these, 89.9% referred to mild VAE. Among the completed reports, 19.7% did not provide information on “type of medical care provided,” and 98.7% had no information regarding laboratory tests. Systemic neurological symptoms were the most frequent serious VAE among closed reports (59.5% of serious signs/symptoms). Concerning age, the highest VAE reporting coefficients were recorded for children aged ≤ 4 years. Conclusion The VAE-RS is useful to monitor immunization safety. However, municipal services must increase adherence to the system and perform the required investigation and reporting of VAE, with timely and adequate completion of the VAE-RS form. Knowledge regarding VAE can be used in the daily routine of surveillance services, improving the safety of immunobiological agents.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir las características de las notificaciones de eventos adversos posvacunación (EAPV) en el Sistema de Información de Vigilancia de EAPV (SI-EAPV, un sistema en línea, durante los primeros 2 años de ejecución del sistema. Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los registros de EAPV notificados en el SI-EAPV entre julio de 2014 y junio de 2016. Resultados Durante el período del estudio, se registraron 24 732 notificaciones. De 5 570 municipios brasileños, 2 571 (46,2%) notificaron algún EAPV. Sin embargo, solamente 1 622 (6,6%) notificaciones estaban cerradas al momento del estudio; de ellas, el 89,9% no presentó gravedad. Respecto a las notificaciones cerradas, en el 19,7% no fue anotada la variable “atención médica” y el 98,7% no presentó registro de exámenes de laboratorio. Entre los eventos adversos graves cerrados, las manifestaciones clínicas sistémicas neurológicas fueron las más frecuentes, representado el 59,5% de los signos y síntomas. En cuanto a la edad, los mayores coeficientes de notificación se registraron entre los menores de 4 años. Conclusión El SI-EAPV es útil para el monitoreo de la seguridad de las vacunas. Sin embargo, los municipios necesitan ampliar la adhesión al sistema, así como realizar las investigaciones y notificaciones de los EAPV, llenando la ficha de notificación de forma adecuada y oportuna. El conocimiento sobre EAPV puede ser aplicado en la práctica de los servicios de vigilancia en salud, mejorando la seguridad en la utilización de los productos inmunobiológicos.

Este artigo analisa os fatores que influenciaram a composição do currículo trabalhado no Curso Técnico em Agropecuária da Central de Ensino e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Florestal ao longo de sua existência. Buscamos compreender a forma como se dão as modificações no currículo do curso, identificando as mudanças de temas trabalhados na formação do profissional, as fontes de influência das transformações ocorridas, os atores envolvidos, as demandas advindas da sociedade e, ainda, como as modificações curriculares são incorporadas na prática de ensino dos professores. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados primários e secundários. No levantamento dos dados primários, utilizamos documentos do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária do arquivo da escola e realizamos entrevistas com os professores do curso, identificando suas concepções sobre o contexto relativo ao processo de modificações do currículo. No levantamento de dados secundários, foi realizada pesquisa em bibliografia especializada e nos documentos legais da área da educação profissional. Podemos afirmar que a concepção teórica adotada neste trabalho - a qual concebe o currículo, primeiro, como uma configuração e não como algo dado, e, segundo, como um campo de forças dentro do qual os desequilíbrios entre os atores envolvidos em sua configuração estabelecem-se mediante a incontestabilidade da realidade - sustenta-se. Ou seja, não é possível nem que o Estado imponha leis que não possam ser operacionalizadas, nem que a escola desconheça as mudanças advindas da sociedade e do Estado, nem que a sociedade deixe de adequar-se a esses novos direcionamentos.

This article analyzes the factors that have influenced the composition of the curriculum used in the Technical Course in Agriculture of the Center for Agriculture and Forrest Teaching and Development throughout its existence. We have tried to understand the way in which the modifications in the curriculum have happened, identifying the changes in themes developed during the formation of the professional, the sources of influence for the transformations that occurred, the actors involved, the demands coming from the society and, also, how curriculum modifications are incorporated into teaching practices. A survey of primary and secondary data was made. In the primary data survey we used school archive documents from the Technical Course in Agriculture, and we carried out interviews with teachers involved in the course, identifying their views on the context associated to the process of modifying the curriculum. The secondary data survey included a research into the specialized literature and in the legal documentation for the area of professional education. We can say that the theoretical viewpoint adopted in the present work - which conceives curriculum first as a configuration, and not as something given and, second, as a field of forces within which the imbalances between the actors involved in its configuration are established through the indisputability of reality - is here upheld. In other words, it is not admissible that the State should impose laws that cannot be implemented, nor that the school should ignore the changes coming from society and the State, nor that society should fail to adapt to these new directions.