Abstract The present study aimed to screen genotypes for the presence/absence of lipoxygenases and to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics of lipoxygenase-free genotypes. Progenies derived from the cross between the cultivars IAC PL-2 (with lipoxygenases) and BRS 213 (lipoxygenase-free) generated 114 inbred lines in the F6/7 generation, evaluated by the qualitative colorimetric method, to verify the presence/absence of lipoxygenase isoenzymes L-1, L-2 and L-3. Eight triple-null (lipoxygenase-free) lines were confirmed by visible spectrophotometry. Progenitors and triple-null lines IAC 10-0003-1, IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0012, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046, IAC 10-0107-1 and IAC 10-0115-2 were analyzed to assess their contents of protein, oil, phytic acid, tannins, total phenols and total flavonoids. Analyses showed significant differences in protein (from 38.80% to 41.89%) and oil (from 18.86% to 22.88%), consistent with the values observed in commercial soybean cultivars. The new triple-null lines, compared to the BRS 213 standard, showed lower contents of soluble condensed tannins; lower phytic acid in line IAC 10-0043 and greater amount of total phenols in line IAC 10-0115-2; whereas, the lines IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046 e IAC 10-0107-1 stood out with higher values of total flavonoids. The new lines will be potentially useful parents for genetic breeding and for a multiline strategy, aiming at greater phenotypic stability of lipoxygenase-free soybeans for human consumption.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo selecionar genótipos quanto à presença/ausência das lipoxigenases, além de avaliar as características fitoquímicas dos genótipos com ausência das lipoxigenases. Progênies oriundas do cruzamento entre as cultivares IAC PL-2 (com lipoxigenases) e BRS 213 (sem lipoxigenases) geraram 114 linhagens na geração F6/7, avaliadas pelo método qualitativo colorimétrico, para constatar a presença/ausência das isoenzimas lipoxigenases L-1, L-2 e L-3. Foram confirmadas por espectrofotometria na região do visível oito linhagens triplo-nulas (sem lipoxigenases). Os progenitores e as linhagens triplo-nulas IAC 10-0003-1, IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0012, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046, IAC 10-0107-1 e IAC 10-0115-2 foram analisados para aferir seus teores de proteína, óleo, ácido fítico, taninos condensados solúveis, fenóis totais e flavonoides totais. As análises apontaram diferenças significativas nos teores de proteínas (38,80% a 41,89%) e de óleo (18,86% a 22,88%), coerentes com os valores observados em cultivares comercializados de soja. As novas linhagens triplo-nulas, comparativamente ao padrão BRS 213, apresentam menores teores de taninos condensados, menor presença de ácido fítico na linhagem IAC 10-0043 e maior presença de fenóis totais na linhagem IAC 10-0115-2, enquanto as linhagens IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046 e IAC 10-0107-1 se destacam com valores superiores de flavonoides totais. As novas linhagens serão parentais potencialmente úteis para melhoramento genético e para uma estratégia de multilinhas, visando à maior estabilidade fenotípica de soja sem lipoxigenases, para alimentação humana.

Abstract IAC Nuance and IAC Tigre are special common bean cultivars for consumption in Brazil and for international markets. IAC Nuance has a 75-day cycle, with cranberry type rajado (streaked/dappled) bean seeds. IAC Tigre has 85-day cycle, a cream-colored seed coat with brown specks (pinto bean type). These cultivars are moderately resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and bacterial wilt.

Abstract IAC 1849 Polaco is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige/cream-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, 75-day mean maturity , semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed darkening, mean 1000-seed weight of 240 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and mean seed yield of 2464 kg ha-1 obtained in 18 experiments.

Abstract IAC Netuno, a black common bean cultivar with high grain yield potential, 2968.20 kg ha-¹, upright plant architecture and Type II indeterminate growth habit, about a 90-day cycle, and 1000-seed weight of 230 grams, recommended for all common bean crop seasons in the state of São Paulo.

Abstract The black bean cultivar IAC Veloz developed by the dry edible bean (or common bean) breeding program of the Instituto Agronômico-IAC stands out because of its early cycle, upright plant type, 1000 seed weight of 220 grams, and mean yield potential of 3770 kg ha-1 in a total of 18 environments.

Abstract IAC 1850 is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, average cycle of 88 days, semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed coat darkening, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and a high average yield (2,857 kg ha-1) obtained in 36 experiments conducted in different regions in Brazil.

RESUMO O escurecimento lento de grãos é almejado por melhoristas de feijoeiro porque o consumidor considera que grãos mais escuros apresentarão maior tempo para cocção. A análise empregada atualmente leva ao redor de 90 dias para diferenciação da cor do grão entre os genótipos. Objetivou-se avaliar a cor em função do valor de L* (luminosidade) de feijoeiro do tipo carioca pelos métodos natural e acelerado para verificar equivalência entre os métodos, validação da metodologia e identificação de genótipos tolerantes ao escurecimento. O escurecimento de grãos foi comparado e avaliado pelo método de escurecimento natural em condições de prateleira, em dias de armazenamento, e pelo método de escurecimento acelerado, em condições de luz ultravioleta, em horas. O escurecimento natural de 90 dias foi estatisticamente igual a 24 horas de escurecimento acelerado, e a diferença entre os genótipos pôde ser obtida em menor tempo, indicando correspondência entre os métodos. O método de escurecimento acelerado pode ser utilizado para encurtar o tempo de análise na rotina dos programas de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT The slow darkening of grains is sought by bean breeders because the consumers consider that darker grains demand more time for cooking. The analysis currently used takes around 90 days to differentiate grain color among genotypes. The objective was to evaluate the color as a function of the value of L* (lightness) of carioca beans, by natural and accelerated methods to verify equivalence between methods, validation of the methodology and identification of genotypes tolerant to the darkening. The grain darkening was compared and evaluated by natural darkening method under shelf conditions, in days storage, and accelerated darkening method under ultraviolet light, in hours. The natural darkening time of 90 days was statistically equal to 24 hours of accelerated darkening, and the difference among the genotypes could be obtained in a shorter time, indicating a correspondence in the methods. The accelerated darkening method can be used to shorten the analysis time in the routine of breeding programs.

Abstract IAC Sintonia, new common bean cultivar, was developed to incorporate moderate resistance to the main pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum allied to great grain yield observed, 5,750.00 kg ha-1. IAC Sintonia has semi-upright architecture and indeterminate growth habit (Type II), cycle is around 90 days and, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams.

Abstract IAC OL 5 is a new peanut cultivar recommended to growers of peanut regions of the state of São Paulo as another option for planting during the intervals of sugarcane renewal. Its main traits are its runner growing habit, its moderate resistance to virus and foliar diseases, and the high oleic trait.

Resumo O caroço de algodão, subproduto do beneficiamento da fibra, constitui importante matéria-prima para a indústria de óleos comestíveis e para a produção de biodiesel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a existência de diversidade genética para as características do óleo, em cultivares e linhagens de algodoeiro disponíveis no Brasil. O teor de óleo e sua composição em ácidos graxos foram determinados em sementes de 18 genótipos de algodoeiro, cultivadas em três localidades distintas no Brasil. A extração de óleo foi feita com hexano e os ácidos graxos foram obtidos por esterificação metílica e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. As análises de variância mostraram, tanto para o teor de óleo quanto para a composição dos ácidos graxos, diferenças significativas entre genótipos e entre locais, bem como significância para a interação genótipos x locais. Na média das três localidades, o teor de óleo variou entre genótipos de 23% a 27%. O ácido linoleico variou de 55,6% a 59%; o palmítico, de 22,7% a 24,8%; o oleico, de 13,4% a 15,8%; e o esteárico, de 1,83% a 2,14%. A faixa de diversidade genética para os ácidos graxos, embora estatisticamente significativa, não é suficientemente ampla para a realização de programas de melhoramento genético. Os genótipos FMT 523, FIBERMAX 966, IAC 06/205 e LD CV 22 destacam-se dos demais por possuir maior teor de ácidos oleico e palmítico e menor teor de ácido linoleico, o que os torna mais indicados para produção de biodiesel e uso como óleo de fritura, pela maior estabilidade oxidativa conferida por essa composição.

Summary Cottonseed is a by-product of the production of fibre and an important raw material for the edible oil industry and for biodiesel production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the cotton cultivars and strains available in Brazil, with respect to the oil characteristics. The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seeds of 18 cotton genotypes, cultivated in three distinct localities in Brazil. The oil was extracted from the seeds using hexane, and the fatty acids analysed by gas chromatography after methylation. The analyses of variance of the results for oil content and fatty acid composition revealed highly significant differences between the genotypes and locations and for the genotypes x locations interactions. The average oil content from the three distinct localities varied from 23 to 27% amongst the genotypes. The fatty acids presented the following ranges: linoleic (55.6-59.0%); palmitic (22.7-24.8%); oleic (13.4-15.8%) and stearic (1.83-2.14%). Although statistically significant, the range of genetic diversity for the fatty acids was not sufficiently wide to carry out genetic improvement programs. The genotypes FMT 523, FIBERMAX 966, IAC 06/205 and LD CV 22 stood out from the others for having higher oleic and palmitic acid contents and lower linoleic acid contents, thus being more suitable for biodiesel production and for use as frying oil, due to the greater oxidative stability provided by this composition.

IAC OL 3 and IAC OL 4 peanut cultivars are new releases of Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, SP. These cultivars were developed to attend the demand of the Brazilian peanut business for high oleic runner cultivars, whose cycle can be better adjusted to the areas of sugarcane renewal than other runner cultivars.

Os caracteres que conferem qualidade tecnológica aos grãos de feijão apresentam variação genética, ambiental e da interação genótipos x ambientes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de épocas de cultivo na qualidade tecnológica dos grãos de feijoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido com 25 genótipos de feijoeiro (grupo comercial carioca e preto) pertencentes aos ensaios de VCU (Valor de Cultivo e Uso) nas três épocas de cultivo, correspondendo à época das águas 2009/2010, da seca 2010/2011 e do inverno 2010/2011, sob delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, onde avaliaram-se: tempo de cozimento (TC), capacidade de absorção de água antes (Peanc) e após (Peapc) o cozimento, porcentagem de grãos inteiros (PGI), sólidos solúveis totais no caldo (SSTc), expansão volumétrica antes (EXPVac) e após (EXPVpc) o cozimento e densidade dos grãos secos (DS), macerados (DU) e cozidos (DC). As avaliações revelaram que as épocas de cultivo dos grãos para análise de qualidade tecnológica influenciam nos resultados e na diferenciação entre os genótipos, indicando interação genótipo por ambiente. Também reportaram que os genótipos C2-1-6-1, C4-8-1-1, LP04-03, IAC-Imperador, P5-4-4-1 e Pr11-6-4-1-2 sobressaíram-se em relação ao tempo de cozimento na média das três épocas. O uso de seleção precoce com base em correlações fenotípicas existentes entre as características tecnológicas não é expressivo devido à variação de magnitude entre as diferentes épocas de cultivo.

The traits that provide technological quality to common bean grains exhibit genetic and environmental variation and variation in the genotype x environment interaction. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different periods of the growing season on the technological quality of common bean grains. The experiment was conducted with 25 bean genotypes (carioca [beige with brown stripes] and black commercial group) that are part of the Value for Cultivation and Use (Valor de Cultivo e Uso - VCU) trials in three growing seasons, namely, the 2009/2010 rainy season, the 2010/2011 dry season and the 2010/2011 winter season, in a randomized block experimental design with three replications in which the following items were assessed: cooking time (CT), water absorption capacity before cooking (Peanc) and after cooking (Peapc), percentage of whole grains (PWG), total soluble solids in the broth (TSSb), volume expansion before cooking (EXPVbc) and after cooking (EXPVac), and dry grain density (DD), grain density after maceration (SD) and grain density after cooking (CD). Assessments showed that the different growing seasons for obtaining grains for the purpose of analysis of technological quality have an effect on the results and on differentiation among genotypes, indicating genotype x environment interaction. They also showed that the genotypes C2-1-6-1, C4-8-1-1, LP04-03, IAC-Imperador, P5-4-4-1 and Pr11-6-4-1-2 had the best results in relation to cooking time in the mean values of the three growing seasons. The use of early selection based on phenotypic correlations that exist among the technological features is not expressive, due to the variation of magnitude among the different growing seasons.

In the state of São Paulo, common bean is an important crop and the Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico - IAC) registered the "carioca" (beige with brown stripes) bean cultivar IAC Imperador in the MAPA/RNC, exhibiting mean yield of 2,266 kg/ha in the 17 environments evaluated, a 75-day cycle, resistance to soil diseases and high quality seeds.

The MAPA/RNC registered the cultivar IAC Formoso with carioca grain of the Instituto Agronômico IAC, in view of the high mean yield in 24 environments (approximately 2816 kg ha-1), resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and Fusarium solani, high grain quality and a cycle of 85 days from emergence to harvest.

Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar e indicar parâmetros de seleção para classificação de grãos de feijão que atendam as exigências do mercado consumidor. Foram instalados experimentos contendo 19 genótipos de feijoeiro em nove ambientes, no Estado de São Paulo. A produção de grãos foi estratificada em peneiras de classificação 10 (10/64" pol.) a 15 (15/64" pol.) e avaliada a produção relativa de grãos em peneiras 13 e 14, rendimento de peneira, massa de 1.000 grãos, tamanho de grãos e para os índices J=perfil e H=forma do grão. A produção relativa de grãos, rendimento de peneira, forma e perfil foram as características que apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas, indicando presença de variabilidade genética. Por meio da comparação dos resultados com testemunhas de feijoeiro já recomendadas para o setor produtivo, conclui-se que uma cultivar de feijoeiro deve apresentar alta massa de 1.000 grãos (251 a 300g), produção relativa de grãos em peneiras 13 e 14 com valores acima de sete, rendimento de peneira acima de 70,0% e também sementes elípticas e perfil semiachatado.

The aim of this research was to evaluate and to direct the genetic parameters to classify the grain size of common bean, according to the market demand. Experiments with 19 common bean genotypes were assembled in nine sites in the São Paulo State. The grain yield was stratified following sieve classification 10 (10/64" inch) to 15 (15/64" inch). The following parameters were evaluated: relative yield with 13 and 14 sieves, sieve yield, thousand grain weight, grain size, J and H indexes (J=grain profile; H=grain shape). The relative grain yield, sieve yield, shapes and grain profiles presented significant statistical differences, indicating the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. Compared to the market recommended and productive checks, the results showed that a common bean cultivar should present high thousand grain weight (251 to 300g); relative grain yield with 13 and 14 sieves should present values above seven; the sieve yield should be above 70.0% and it should exhibit elliptic seeds and semi-flat grain.