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Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female’s weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.256933

Dopamine depletion in wistar rats with epilepsy
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Trindade-Filho, E. M.

; Pai, J. Dal

; Castro, D. N. de

; Silva, A. T. M. da

; Costa, A. F.

; Vieira, J. S. S.

; Santos, S. D. B. dos

; Félix, V. B.

; Leão, S. A. B. F.

; Zambrano, L. I.

; Saldanha-Filho, A. J. M.

; Carvalho, E. G. A.

; Cavalcante, J. B. N.

; Quintella, G. B.

; Lino, A. T. S.

; Costa, M. V.

; Lima, J. A.

; Tavares, M. M. A.

; de Melo, M. R.

; Mousinho, K. C.

; Biase, C. L. C. L. De

; Leite, M. L.

; Costa, P. J. M. S.

; Becker, E. L.

; Moura, I. M. F. B.

; Silva, J. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e248411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O conteúdo de dopamina nas estruturas cerebrais tem sido relacionado à excitabilidade neuronal e várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para estudar este fenômeno durante o período de vulnerabilidade às crises. No presente trabalho, descrevemos os efeitos da depleção de dopamina após a administração de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) na região pars compacta da substância negra de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia com pilocarpina. A susceptibilidade ao estado de mal epiléptico induzido pela pilocarpina, bem como a frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes durante o período crônico do modelo foi determinada. Sendo o hipocampo uma das principais estruturas afetadas no desenvolvimento desse modelo experimental de epilepsia, os níveis de dopamina nessa região foram determinados após a administração da droga. No primeiro experimento, 62% (15/24) dos ratos pré-tratados com 6-OHDA e 45% (11/24) daqueles que receberam ácido ascórbico como solução controle evoluíram para crises límbicas motoras e para o estado de mal epiléptico, após a administração de pilocarpina. A gravidade das crises durante o período agudo do modelo foi significativamente maior nos ratos epilépticos experimentais (56,52%) do que nos ratos controle (4,16%). No segundo experimento, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à frequência de crises na fase crônica do modelo. Nossos dados mostraram que a dopamina pode desempenhar um papel importante na gravidade das crises na fase aguda da pilo, o que parece ser exercido por sua ação inibitória da dopamina sobre a expressão motora das crises.

Abstract The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model’s chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo’s model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248411

[SciELO Preprints] - Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil 2023
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Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de Brant, Luisa Campos Caldeira Polanczyk, Carisi Anne Malta, Deborah Carvalho Biolo, Andreia Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Souza, Maria de Fatima Marinho de Lorenzo, Andrea Rocha De Fagundes Júnior, Antonio Aurélio de Paiva Schaan, Beatriz D. Silva, Christina Grüne de Souza e Castilho, Fábio Morato de Cesena, Fernando Henpin Yue Soares, Gabriel Porto Xavier Junior, Gesner Francisco Barreto-Filho, Jose Augusto Soares Passaglia, Luiz Guilherme Pinto-Filho, Marcelo Martins Machline-Carrion, M. Julia Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer Pontes Neto, Octavio M. Villela, Paolo Blanco Teixeira, Renato Azeredo Stein, Ricardo Sampaio, Roney Orismar Gaziano, Thomaz A. Perel, Pablo Roth, Gregory A. Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Pinho

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Publication date: 2023-12-14

Abstract: En Pt

The publication Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil aims to provide an annual compilation of data and research on the epidemiology of CVDs in Brazil.  The report integrates official statistics from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and other governmental entities alongside data from the GBD project, coordinated by the IHME at the University of Washington. Additionally, it incorporates data derived from various sources and scientific studies, including cohorts and registries, that relate to CVDs and their associated risk factors. This publication is intended for a wide range of individuals, including researchers, clinicians, patients, healthcare policymakers, media professionals, the general public, and other interested parties seeking extensive national data about heart disease and stroke.  Volunteer researchers from various Brazilian universities and research institutions carry out the project. The group is led by a five-member steering committee (ALPR, CAP, DCM, GMMO, and LCCB). The Brazilian Society of Cardiology fully supports this initiative, and the project receives collaborative support from the GBD Brazil Network and an International Committee (GAR, PP, and TAG) from both the IHME/University of Washington (GAR) and the World Heart Federation (PP and TAG). 

A publicação Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil tem por objetivo fornecer uma compilação anual dos dados e das pesquisas sobre a epidemiologia das DCV no Brasil.  Este documento integra as estatísticas oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e outras entidades governamentais ao lado de dados do projeto GBD, coordenado pelo IHME da Universidade de Washington. Além disso, incorpora dados derivados de várias fontes e estudos científicos, inclusive coortes e registros, relacionados às DCV e fatores de risco associados. Esta publicação destina-se a um público variado, incluindo pesquisadores, clínicos, pacientes, formuladores de políticas de saúde, profissionais da mídia, o público em geral e todos aqueles que buscam dados nacionais abrangentes sobre DCV e acidente vascular cerebral. Pesquisadores voluntários de várias universidades e instituições de pesquisa brasileiros realizaram este projeto. O grupo é liderado por um comitê diretivo com cinco membros (ALPR, CAP, DCM, GMMO e LCCB). A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia apoia integralmente esta iniciativa e o projeto recebe colaboração da Rede GBD Brasil1 e do GBD International Committee (GAR, PP e TAG) do IHME/Universidade de Washington (GAR) e da World Heart Federation (PP e TAG). 

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.7707

Simultaneous Determination of Glyphosate, AMPA and Inorganic Anions in Water Samples by Gradient Capillary Ion Chromatography
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Matos, Fábio S. de

; Carvalho, Gabriel S. de

; Prestes, Osmar D.

; Adaime, Martha B.

; Zanella, Renato

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2023, Volume 34 N. 11 Pages 1691 - 1697

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The herbicide glyphosate is the most widely used pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been frequently found in water samples. The widely used methods for determining these compounds are expensive and environmentally unfriendly due to reagent consumption for derivatization. Another possibility is the use of classic ion chromatography, albeit with low sensitivity and subject to interferences. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method to directly and simultaneously determine glyphosate, AMPA, and common inorganic anions in water samples using gradient capillary ion chromatography without sample pre-treatment and derivatization. The proposed method was validated, presenting adequate linearity for glyphosate and AMPA with a determination coefficient (r2) > 0.998. Recoveries ranged from 94 to 105% and 79 to 113% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively, with a relative standard deviation < 10%. The practical method limits of detection and quantification for both glyphosate and AMPA were 7.5 and 25 µg L 1, respectively. The method presented satisfactory results for the anions fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate, with limits of detection ranging from 7.5 to 200 µg L-1. Application of the method in water samples proved simple, efficient, and cost-effective, enabling the monitoring of these analytes in different water matrices.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230109

Five cycles of intrapopulation recurrent selection in half-sib progenies of fresh corn
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Cintra, Pedro H. N.

; Resende, Cecília L. P.

; Damaso, Leandro F.

; Carvalho, Daniel D. C.

; Silva, Fernanda de C.

; Rodrigues, Fabricio

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 723 - 730

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Fresh corn is a highly appreciated vegetable in Brazil; this crop has high added value and profitability when compared to dry corn. Despite the consumer market demand for quality, cultivars are not launched every crop season and there is a small number of cultivars available to growers. This denotes a need for breeding programs focused on generating information and genotypes that can occupy this market niche. The objective of this work was to evaluate the progress of five cycles of intrapopulation recurrent selection in half-sib progenies of fresh corn, in the southwest region of Goiás. A randomized block experimental design was used, with evaluation of 64 progenies of corn half-sib progenies and selection intensity of 30% per cycle, with three replications, in the 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018, and 2020-2021 summer crop seasons. The half-sib progenies of fresh corn exhibited genetic variability through intrapopulation recurrent selection in the different selection cycles, which is still promising for further selections after five cycles, with evaluation of 64 progenies per cycle. The base population from crossings between hybrids for tropical and temperate climates showed to be promising for increasing the genetic base of fresh corn populations, with satisfactory gains over the five cycles, presenting mean heritability between the cycles of approximately 78.9% for relative chlorophyll index, 62.2% for plant height, 75.1% for ear insertion height, 70% for ear diameter, 56.6% for ear length, 71.4% for unhusked ear yield, and 71% for marketable ear yield.

RESUMO O milho fresco é uma hortaliça muito apreciada pelos brasileiros e, além disso, possui alto valor agregado e maior lucratividade, quando comparado aos grãos secos. O mercado consumidor apesar de exigente na qualidade, não é abastecido com novas cultivares a cada safra e com um número ínfimo sendo disponível aos produtores. Assim, existe a necessidade da criação de programas de melhoramento, com o intuito de gerar informações e genótipos capazes de suprir esse nicho de mercado. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o progresso da seleção em progênies de meiosirmãos de milho fresco, em cinco ciclos de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional, na região sudoeste de Goiás. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com a avaliação de 64 progênies de meios-irmãos e intensidade de seleção de 30% por ciclo, com três repetições, em diferentes safras de verão (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018 e 2020-2021). As progênies de famílias de meios-irmãos de milho fresco apresentaram variabilidade genética por meio de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional nos diferentes ciclos de seleção, com avaliação de 64 progênies por ciclo. A população base de cruzamentos entre híbridos para climas tropicais e temperados mostrou-se promissora para aumentar a base genética de populações de milho fresco, com ganhos satisfatórios ao longo dos cinco ciclos, com herdabilidade média de aproximadamente 78,9% para o índice relativo de clorofila, 62,2% para altura de planta, 75% para inserção da espiga, 70% para diâmetro da espiga, 56,6% para comprimento da espiga, 71,4% para espigas empalhadas e 71% para espigas comerciais entre os ciclos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n324rc

Mechanism and Kinetics of the Degradation of Nitazoxanide and Hydroxychloroquine Drugs by Hydroxyl Radicals: Theoretical Approach to Ecotoxicity
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Sanches-Neto, Flávio O.

; Coutinho, Nayara D.

; Aquilanti, Vincenzo

; Silva, Wender A.

; Carvalho-Silva, Valter H.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2023, Volume 34 N. 8 Pages 1119 - 1129

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The efforts of contrasting the effects caused by the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic increased the disposal of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper reports the mechanisms and kinetics of the degradation in aqueous environments induced by •OH of two drugs, among those most widely probed at the outbreak of coronavirus, nitazoxanide and hydroxychloroquine. The investigation exploits quantum chemistry techniques and a reaction rate theory combined with diffusion-controlled processes and quantum mechanical tunneling. The reaction rate constants are obtained in an environmentally relevant temperature range. The results show that (i) the deacetylation of nitazoxanide with formation of tizoxanide is kinetically the most favorable channel, in agreement with experimental work; (ii) for hydroxychloroquine, the present theoretical calculations show that the most favorable channel is the addition of •OH at the aromatic ring. The half-life time degradation products are for both cases in the range between 12 to 138 days. Both drugs presented toxicities between harmful and toxic as obtained by computational toxicology calculations. The toxicity is also calculated for the degradation products: (i) in the nitazoxanide degradation process, tizoxanide was characterized as more toxic, while (ii) in the case of hydroxychloroquine, the major degradation product showed a decrease in the toxicity.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230025

Validation of an Analytical Method by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization and Evaluation of Matrix Effect of Volatile Compounds in Cat Food
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Carvalho, Bruno M.

; Santos, Patrícia D. S. dos

; Silva, Geovane A. R. da

; Senes, Carlos E. R.

; Visentainer, Jesuí V.

; Santos, Oscar O.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2023, Volume 34 N. 8 Pages 1130 - 1138

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study describes the validation of a headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization (HS-GC-FID) method for the determination of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and trans-2-nonenal originated by lipid oxidation from cat food samples, as well as the evaluation of the matrix effect in the results. This method was applied to the analysis of commercial cat food and proved to be suitable for the determination of these volatile compounds in different samples. Mean recoveries between 88 and 109% were obtained and repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was always lower than 6.95%. The intra- and inter-assay precisions ranged from 0.44 to 20.88% and from 0.45 to 20.52%, respectively. In addition, the matrix effect of cat food samples was determined by comparing the slopes of the standard addition method, and the external calibration curve and its influences were verified. These results highlight the high potential of this method, which allows the determination of lipid oxidation products in cat food samples directly, without requiring prior sample preparation techniques.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230026

First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in owned dogs in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Silva Filho, A.P.

; Kmetiuk, L.B.

; Bicalho, G.C.

; Castillo, A.P.

; Soares, L.F.

; Vasconcelos, P.

; Santos, A.P.S.

; Carvalho, O.V.

; Reis, J. K. P.

; Silveira, J.A.G.

; Araujo, R. N.

; Aguiar, R.S.

; Brandespim, D. F.

; Pettan-Brewer, C.

; Biondo, A.W.

; Barbosa, D.S.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2023, Volume 75 N. 3 Pages 531 - 534

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12890

Carcass traits and meat quality of steers fed palm kernel cake as a replacement for grain sorghum
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Lisboa, M. M.

; Silva, F. F.

; Carvalho, G. G. P.

; Silva, J. W. D.

; Silva, A. P. G.

; Carvalho, V. M.

; Santos, L. V.

; Santos, M. C.

; Lima Júnior, D. M.

; Silva, R. R.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 4 Pages 522 - 528

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Forty male ¹/4 Holstein * ¹/4 Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i4.06

10.

Suckling piglets submitted to creep feeding management from 5 days-old showed optimal performance and exploratory behaviour
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Agnol, J. D.

; Meneghetti, F.

; Gaggini, T. S.

; Rodrigues, G. A.

; Genova, J. L.

; Carvalho, P. L. O.

; Carvalho, S. T.

; Costa, L. B.

; Paiano, D.

; Saraiva, A.

; Eyng, C.

; Oliveira, N. T. E.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 3 Pages 418 - 424

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to assess the effects of starting creep feeding at different ages on performance, behaviour, haematological, and biochemical parameters in piglets. A total of 138 piglets (1.34 ± 0.25 kg, n = 13 sows), weaned at 21 d-old, were assigned to treatments using a completely randomized design. The litter was divided into two groups: seven litters (n = 80 piglets) were subjected to creep feeding on the fifth day of age (creep 5) and five litters (n = 58 piglets), on the tenth day of age (creep 10). Piglets were weighed at birth, weaning, and after the first week in the nursery. Piglet behaviour was evaluated daily for 15 min until day 20. Blood was collected on day 13, at weaning, and at the end of the first week in the nursery. There was no difference in body weight in the suckling phase, but piglets fed Creep 5 showed greater body weight gain in the first nursery week. The Creep 5 group had lower feed leftovers during the five days of evaluation of feed intake. There were no differences in haematological parameters and amylase concentration; however, the piglets spent more time lying down, sucking, and massaging the udder. On day 8, the piglets in the Creep 5 group showed a higher frequency of exploratory behaviour. In conclusion, piglets fed Creep 5 had optimal performance after weaning and improved feed intake capacity by displaying more exploratory behaviour than Creep 10. Creep management did not alter haematological and biochemical parameters.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i3.10

11.

Suckling piglets submitted to creep feeding management from 5 days-old showed optimal performance and exploratory behaviour
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Agnol, J. D.

; Meneghetti, F.

; Gaggini, T. S.

; Rodrigues, G. A.

; Genova, J. L.

; Carvalho, P. L. O.

; Carvalho, S. T.

; Costa, L. B.

; Paiano, D.

; Saraiva, A.

; Eyng, C.

; Oliveira, N. T. E.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 3 Pages 422 - 428

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i3.10

12.

Spatial variation in the trophic category of fish assemblages in longitudinal stretches in a Neotropical reservoir
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GARCIA, THIAGO D.

; QUIRINO, BARBARA A.

; JARDULI, LUCAS R.

; CARVALHO, EDMIR D.

; VIDOTTO-MAGNONI, ANA PAULA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 1 elocation e20220173

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The spatial gradients created after the installation of large reservoirs produce a great diversity of biotopes, which affects the distribution and structuring of aquatic communities, mainly fish. Thus, we hypothesized that the fishes living in the lotic stretch (river zone, closest to the natural environment) of the reservoir would have lower overlap and higher niche breadth than fishes living in the lentic stretch. Samples were collected in six sections (lentic and lotic) of the Chavantes Reservoir, middle Paranapanema River. A total of 1478 individuals distributed in 13 species were sampled in both stretches. Many resources were acquired by species, and we observed that nine species present significant differences when comparing the two stretches. Furthermore, only \emph{Schizodon nasutus

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220173

13.

Molecular detection of hemoplasmas in rescued black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826) from southeastern Brazil, with evidence of a novel genotype infecting marsupials
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Oliveira, Ágatha Ferreira Xavier de

; Calchi, Ana Cláudia

; Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel

; Stocco, Anieli Vidal

; Stocco, Naiara Vidal

; Costa, Alexandre Carvalho

; Mureb, Elizabeth Neves

; Pires, Jeferson Rocha

; Guimarães, Andresa

; Balthazar, Daniel de Almeida

; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias

; André, Marcos Rogério

; Baldani, Cristiane Divan

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e016422

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract There is a growing concern about the participation of wild hosts and reservoirs in the epidemiology of several pathogens, particularly within the context of environmental changes and the expansion of the One Health concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoplasmas in opossums rescued from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 15 Didelphis aurita and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Physical examination and hematological analysis were also performed. Three out of 15 opossums tested positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. by PCR and showed hematological alterations such as anemia and leukocytosis. Clinical signs were non-specific and associated to traumatic lesions. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemoplasma detected was positioned between 'Ca. Mycoplasma haemodidelphis' detected in D. virginiana from North American and hemoplasmas recently detected in D. aurita from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study indicates the existence of hemoplasma infections in D. aurita from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, and reinforce the need for new epidemiological inquiries to clarify the participation of these in the dynamics of circulation of tick-borne pathogens.

Resumo Há uma crescente preocupação com a participação de hospedeiros e reservatórios silvestres na epidemiologia de diversos patógenos, principalmente no contexto das mudanças ambientais e da expansão do conceito "One Health". O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de hemoplasmas em gambás resgatados da região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 15 Didelphis aurita e submetidas à extração de DNA e PCR utilizando-se "primers" para os genes 16S rRNA e 23S rRNA. O exame físico e a análise hematológica também foram realizados. Três dos 15 gambás testaram positivo para Mycoplasma spp. hemotrópico por PCR. Os sinais clínicos eram inespecíficos e associados a lesões traumáticas. Anemia e leucocitose foram detectadas em animais positivos. A análise filogenética indicou que o hemoplasma detectado estava posicionado entre 'Ca. Mycoplasma haemodidelphis' detectado em D. virginiana da América do Norte e hemoplasmas recentemente detectados em D. aurita do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Este estudo indica a existência de infecções por hemoplasmas em D. aurita, da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, e reforça a necessidade de novos inquéritos epidemiológicos, para esclarecer a participação destes na dinâmica de circulação de patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023015

14.

Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion
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Deusdará, T. T.

; Felix, M. K. C.

; Brito, H. S.

; Ribeiro, D. R.

; Cangussu, E. W. S.

; Albuquerque, B.

; Santos, G. R.

; Chaves, J. R.

; Carvalho, W. C. R.

; Astolfi-Filho, S.

; Assunção, E. N.

; Mariúba, L. A. M.

; Nogueira, P. A.

; Viana, K. F.

; Brandi, I. V.

; Cangussu, A. S. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e269778

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

Resumo As bactérias responsáveis por causar infecções são comuns em ambientes hospitalares, água, solo e produtos alimentícios. O risco de infecção é intensificado pela ausência de saneamento público, má qualidade de vida e escassez de alimentos. Esses fatores externos promovem a disseminação de patógenos por contaminação direta ou formação de biofilme. Neste trabalho, identificamos isolados bacterianos obtidos de unidades de terapia intensiva na região sul do Tocantins, Brasil. Comparamos técnicas de espectrometria de massa de tempo de voo com ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF MS) e análise molecular de ácido ribonucleico ribossômico 16S (rRNA); também realizamos caracterização fenotípica. Cinquenta e seis isolados caracterizados por testes morfotintoriais foram classificados como gram-positivos (80,3%; n = 45) e gram-negativos (19,6%; n = 11) e foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos; notavelmente, identificamos o gene de resistência blaOXA-23 no isolado de ILH10. A identificação microbiana usando MALDI-TOF MS resultou na identificação de Sphingomonas paucimobilis e Bacillus circulans. O sequenciamento do 16S rRNA revelou quatro isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Bacillus e Acinetobacter. A similaridade foi superior a 99% para Acinetobacter schindleri no BLAST, agrupado no clado superior a 90%. Várias cepas isoladas de ICU foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos. Essas técnicas permitiram a identificação de diversos microrganismos de importância em saúde pública, possibilitando melhorias no controle de infecções humanas e comprovando a qualidade dos insumos, alimentos e água.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.269778

15.

How do relocation time and length of storage after relocation affect fermentation and nutritive value of corn silage?
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Santos, Rosana Ingrid Ribeiro dos

; Mendonça, Rita de Cássia Almeida de

; Queiroz, Amanda Caroliny Marques de

; Bernardes, Thiago Fernandes

; Domingues, Felipe Nogueira

; Faturi, Cristian

; Silva, Thiago Carvalho da

; Rêgo, Aníbal Coutinho do

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2023, Volume 52 elocation e20220059

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of relocation time (RT; Experiment 1) and storage time after relocation (ST; Experiment 2) on microbial population, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of corn silage. In experiment 1, corn silage was stored for 30 d, subjected to different RT (0–60 h), and stored again for 30 d. Thirty experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. In experiment 2, after 150 d of ensiling, silage was removed from a bunker silo, exposed to air for 9 h, relocated to experimental silos, and stored for periods ranging from 0 to 128 d. Twenty-eight experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. Relocation time had no effect on fungi counts and concentrations of lactic and propionic acids in corn silage but resulted in a significant increase in dry matter content. In experiment 2, dry matter recovery and concentration of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased in corn silage stored for more than 32 d after relocation. Exposure of corn silage to air during relocation for up to 60 h followed by 30 d of storage did not compromise the fermentation profile or nutritive value of the silage. Increased storage time of relocated corn silage (up to 128 d) consistently decreases its nutritional value. The storage period seems to have an increased impact on nutrient loss in relocated silage than the relocation period.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5220220059

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