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Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil
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Dutra-Vieira, F. M.

; Silva, M. S.

; Vieira, G. S.

; Carvalho, A. S.

; Schimming, B. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e252093

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar a dieta do cachorro-do-mato, de vida livre, por meio da identificação do conteúdo estomacal de 17 Cerdocyon thous atropelados em duas unidades de conservação da Floresta Amazônica. O conteúdo estomacal foi analisado e os itens alimentares foram quantificados pela frequência de ocorrência (FO) e percentagem de ocorrência (PO). Também foram avaliados os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), extrato etéreo (EE) e, matéria mineral (MM). Foram estimados o extrativo não-nitrogenado (ENN), a energia metabolizável (EM) e a necessidade energética de manutenção. A composição da dieta do cachorro-do-mato apresentou 29 itens alimentares dos diferentes grupos taxonômicos, tendo uma maior diversidade de itens de origem animal (n=22), ainda que a maior FO tenha sido de gramíneas (Poaceae) (41.18%). Dentre os itens de origem animal, 21% eram mamíferos, 18% répteis, 10% anfíbios, 9% invertebrados e 3% aves. Determinou-se um alto teor de FB (62.76%). A média do ENN e da MS foi 5.91% e 141.82 kcal/100g, respectivamente. A média da energia de manutenção foi 447.01 kcal/dia. Estes achados sugerem que o cachorro-do-mato encontrado na Bacia Amazônica é um animal generalista com uma dieta onívora, se alimentando de gramíneas, frutos, insetos, serpentes, anfíbios, aves e pequenos mamíferos, portanto com o mesmo hábito alimentar relatado a esta espécie quando encontrada em outros biomas brasileiros.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.252093 1 downloads

Use of Glutamine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks
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Carvalho, FB

; Stringhini, JH

; Leandro, NSM

; Café, M

; Sousa, RF

; Santos, BM

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2021, Volume 23 N. 1 elocation eRBCA-2019-1120

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Post-hatch delayed placement damages, physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to ascertain adequate levels of glutamine inclusion in post-hatch and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates of ten birds each. Four levels of glutamine supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were used in the pre-starter feed, which was given to the chicks in the transportation box and during the pre-starter phase. After 24 hours of access to this feed, and at 7 days of age, the chicks’ performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and small-intestine histomorphometry were evaluated. From seven to ten days of age, a metabolizability assay was performed. Glutamine supplementation tended to increase the use of the yolk sac, the concentration of plasma glucose (p<0.10) and the depth of the crypt in the ileum after 24 hours of life (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the glutamine supplementation levels, in relation to glucose, histomorphometry or metabolizability in the pre-starter phase. Glutamine concentrations did not differ in relation to performance, histomorphometry of the small intestine or metabolizability of nutrients in the pre-starter phase.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1120 435 downloads

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Protected Sodium Butyrate on the Digestibility and Intestinal Histomorphometry of Commercial Laying Hens
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Pires, MF

; Leandro, NSM

; Oliveira, HF

; Jacob, DV

; Carvalho, FB

; Stringhini, JH

; Carvalho, DP

; Andrade, CL

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2021, Volume 23 N. 2 elocation eRBCA-2020-1406

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) on the intestinal development and feed nutrient metabolizability of commercial laying hens. The birds started to receive the treatment rations at 58 weeks of age. At 76 weeks of age the laying hens were distributed in a randomized block design to four treatments (0, 105, 210 and 300 g t-1/PSB), six replicates, and two birds/replicate. The nitrogen balance (NB), ether extract balance (EEB), dry matter metabolizability coefficient, nitrogen, ether extract, ash, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and AME corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) were evaluated. For assessment of intestinal development, we evaluated the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colorectal lengths, the relative intestine weight and villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. A decreasing linear effect was observed in the duodenum length, while an increasing linear effect was observed in the height of the duodenum and jejunum villi. A quadratic effect was found in the jejunum crypt depth. A linear increasing effect was found on the villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum and jejunum, and a quadratic effect was observed in the ileum. Quadratic and increasing linear effects were observed in the NB and EEB, respectively. Additionally, increasing linear effects were observed in the AME and AMEn. The dietary addition of 300 g t-1 of PSB improved intestinal development and energy metabolizability of the diet.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1406 118 downloads

Use of Betaine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks
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Carvalho, FB

; Stringhini, JH

; Café, MB

; Jardim Filho, RM

; Chagas, GM

; Oliveira, NF

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2020, Volume 22 N. 4 elocation eRBCA-2020-1329

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Post-hatch delayed placement damages the physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. This study was designed to find adequate levels of betaine inclusion in pre-hatching and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. Newly-hatched chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, five replicates of ten birds each. Five dietetic levels of betaine (control, 0.070, 0.130, 0.200 and 0.260%) were used in the pre-starter ration, offered to the chicks in the transporting box and during the pre-starter phase. Performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and histomorphometry of the small intestine were evaluated, after 24 hours of feed access and at 7 days of age. A metabolic trial was performed from seven to ten days of age. Betaine supplementation linearly influenced the chick’s ileum crypt depth after 24 hours in the transportation box. There was a quadratic effect, with an increase in feed intake up to 0.152% betaine supplementation. There was an improvement in the quality of the jejunum with betaine supplementation above 0.1%. The metabolizable coefficient of the ether extract was improved until reaching 0.163% of betaine supplementation. Betaine supplementation around 0.150% increases feed intake, the use of ether extract and interferes with the intestinal villi of chicks at seven days of age.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1329 385 downloads

Optimized cutting of yellow passion fruit and its potential for unstaked or trellised cultivation
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Jesus, Carlos Augusto Santos de

; Lima, Lucas Kennedy Silva

; Carvalho, Everton Vieira de

; Rosa, Raul Castro Carriello

; Jesus, Onildo Nunes de

; Girardi, Eduardo Augusto

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2020, Volume 55 elocation e01563

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tipos de estacas, concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e substratos de cultivo, no enraizamento de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora edulis), e comparar o desempenho inicial de estacas floríferas conduzidas em sistema de espaldeira ou no método de cultivo rasteiro em solo protegido com cobertura de plástico. Avaliaram-se as cultivares de maracujá BRS Gigante Amarelo, Isla Redondo Amarelo e FB 200 Yellow Master. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: estacas herbácea ou lenhosa, cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 mg L-1); e os substratos de cultivo casca de pinheiro ou espuma fenólica. Em campo, o crescimento inicial, a produção de frutos e a severidade da bacteriose foram avaliados em plantas de estacas competentes para florescer e em mudas, tanto no sistema em espaldeira como no método rasteiro em solo com cobertura de plástico. Para as cultivares avaliadas, observou-se alta taxa de enraizamento (>90%) tanto para as estacas herbáceas como para as semilenhosas, em substrato de espuma fenólica ou casca decomposta de pinheiro, independentemente da concentração de AIB. No sistema de espaldeira, após 14 meses de cultivo, a produção foi 45% maior para plantas obtidas de estacas que para mudas. As plantas rasteiras apresentaram baixo número de flores e frutos e grande severidade de bacteriose conforme a cultivar utilizada. As cultivares avaliadas podem ser propagadas por estaquia herbácea ou semilenhosa, em espuma fenólica ou em casca de pinheiro decomposta, sem aplicação de AIB. As estacas floríferas apresentam potencial para antecipar a produção em cultivo de maracujá-amarelo em espaldeira.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate types of cuttings, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, and potting media on the rooting of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) cultivars, and to compare the initial performance of flowering-competent cuttings cultivated in a trellising system or in a nonstaking method on ground covered with plastic mulch. The passion fruit cultivars evaluated were BRS Gigante Amarelo, Isla Redondo Amarelo, and FB 200 Yellow Master were evaluated. The assessed treatments were: softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings; five concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg L-1); and the pine bark or phenolic foam potting media. Initial growth, fruit yield, and bacteriosis severity were evaluated in the field in flowering-competent cuttings and seedlings, both in the trellising system and in the nonstaking method on mulched ground. For the evaluated cultivars, a high rooting rate (>90%) was observed for both softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings grown in phenolic foam or decomposed pine bark for potting media, regardless of the IBA concentration. In the espalier system, 14 months after transplanting, fruit yield was 45% higher for cuttings than for seedlings. Unstaked plants had a low number of flowers and fruit set, and a great damage by bacteriosis according to the used cultivar. The evaluated cultivars can be propagated either by softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings, in phenolic foam or decomposed pine bark, without IBA application. Flowering-competent cuttings have the potential to anticipate the production in the trellised cultivation of yellow passion fruit.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01563 712 downloads

Effects of Phytogenic Additives and Organic Acids, alone or in combination, on the Performance, Intestinal Quality and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens
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Fascina, VB

; Pasquali, GAM

; Carvalho, FB

; Muro, EM

; Vercese, F

; Aoyagi, MM

; Pezzato, AC

; Gonzales, E

; Sartori, JR

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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sep 2017, Volume 19 N. 3 Pages 497 - 508

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytogenic additives (PA) and organic acids (OA), alone or in combination, on the performance, intestinal histomorphometry and lipid oxidation, and immune responses of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 820 one-day-old chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of 41 broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet with no PA or OA (CD); CD with OA and no PA (CD+OA-PA); CD with PA and no OA (CD+PA-CD); CDwith both PA and OA (CD+PA+CD); and CD + avilamycin + monesin sodium. Broiler performance was not affected by the alternative feed additives, except from 1 to 21 days, when broilers fed the CD or CD+PA+OA diets showed higher body weight gain than those fed the CD with only OA. The broilers fed the diet containing avilamycin and monensin presented better performance. The supplementation of PA and OA increased bursalcortical area on21 and 42 days post-hatch. On 21 days post-hatch, broilers fed the AGP diet presented higher ileal villus height than those fed the control diet. The pH values of the jejunum content were reduced on the OA-fed chickens. Higher villus height and crypt depth were found in the alternative additive-fed chickens on 7 days post-hatch. On 42 days post-hatch, the percentage of the bursal cortex increased in PA-fed broilers; however, there was no increase in antibody production. The PA-fed chickens presented lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in the small intestine. The dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives, individually or in combination associated with organic acids, does not affect broiler live performance or intestinal histomorphometry; however, it enhances immune responses and intestinal quality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0422 2857 downloads

Debate político-eleitoral no Facebook: os comentários do público em posts jornalísticos na eleição presidencial de 2014
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Mitozo, Isabele Batista

; Massuchin, Michele Goulart

; Carvalho, Fernanda Cavassana de

Opinião Pública

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aug 2017, Volume 23 N. 2 Pages 459 - 484

Resumo Experiências interativas online têm estimulado o desenvolvimento de debate público. O Facebook (FB), por exemplo, atrai tanto indivíduos quanto instituições, tais como empresas jornalísticas, que veem na ferramenta a oportunidade de maior contato com a audiência. Com base nisso, este artigo investiga as características do debate público acerca da eleição presidencial de 2014, a partir de postagens nas páginas oficiais dos três maiores jornais brasileiros (Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo e O Globo) no FB. Assim, observaram-se: 1) intensidade do debate, 2) postura do comentador (reciprocidade), 3) justificativa dos comentários e 4) reflexividade em 610.660 comentários. Dentre os principais resultados, pode-se destacar predominância de comentários monológicos e com baixa justificação. Todavia, o FB pode ser considerado um espaço de persuasão, o que predominou nos comentários.

Abstract Interactive experiences online have been stimulating the development of public debate. Facebook, for example, has attracted citizens and institutions, as well as communication enterprises that see in this tool an opportunity for greater interaction with an audience. This paper identifies the characteristics of the debate among audiences in the official Facebook pages of the three main Brazilian newspapers (Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S.Paulo e O Globo) on the 2014 presidential election. Therefore, we have observed in 610.660 comments: 1) the debate’s intensity over time; 2) the commentator’s position (reciprocity); 3) justification; and 4) reflexivity. Among our main findings, one might highlight the predominance of monologues and the low level of justification. However, Facebook can be considered a space for persuasion, which prevailed in the comments.

Resumen Experiencias interactivas en espacios digitales han estimulado el desarrollo del debate público. El Facebook (FB), por ejemplo, atrae tanto a individuos como a instituciones, tales como las empresas periodísticas, que ven en esta herramienta la oportunidad de mayor contacto con la audiencia. De esta manera, este artículo investiga las características del debate público sobre la elección presidencial de 2014, a partir de los posts en las páginas oficiales de los tres mayores periódicos brasileños (Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo y O Globo), en Facebook. Así, fueron observadas: 1) la intensidad del debate; 2) la postura del comentarista (reciprocidad); 3) la justificación de los comentarios; y 4) la reflexividad, en 610.660 comentarios. Entre los principales resultados, se puede destacar la predominancia de comentarios monológicos y la baja justificación. Sin embargo, FB puede ser considerado como un espacio de persuasión, que es la característica que ha predominado en los comentarios

Résumé Des expériences interactives en ligne stimulent le développement du débat public. Le Facebook (FB), par exemple, attire l’attention des personnes et des institutions, telles que celles du journalisme, qui voient dans ce mécanisme l’opportunité d’un contact plus grand avec leur audience. Dans cette perspective, ce texte examine les caractéristiques du débat public à propos de l’élection présidentielle au Brésil, en 2014, en observant les publications sur les pages des trois plus grands journaux brésiliens sur FB (Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo et O Globo). Donc, on observe: 1) l’intensité du débat; 2) le positionnement de celui qui fait les commentaires (réciprocité); 3) la justification des commentaires; et 4) la réflexivité, dans 610 660 commentaires. Parmi les principaux résultats, on peut mettre en évidence la prédominance des commentaires monologiques et de faible justification. Cependant, le FB peut être considéré comme un espace de persuasion, ce qui prédominait dans les commentaires.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912017232459 2304 downloads

Diretriz de Assistência Circulatória Mecânica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Ayub-Ferreira, SM

; Souza Neto, JD

; Almeida, DR

; Biselli, B

; Avila, MS

; Colafranceschi, AS

; Stefanello, B

; Carvalho, BM

; Polanczyk, CA

; Galantini, DR

; Bocchi, EA

; Chamlian, EG

; Hojaij, EM

; Gaiotto, FA

; Pinton, FA

; Jatene, FB

; Ramires, FJA

; Atik, FA

; Figueira, F

; Bacal, F

; Galas, FRBG

; Brito, FS

; Conceição-Souza, GE

; Ribeiro, GCA

; JA Jr, Pinheiro

; Souza, JM

; Rossi Neto, JM

; Lima, JLC

; Mejía, JC

; Fernandes, JR

; Baumworcel, L

; Moura, LAZ

; Hajjar, LA

; Beck-da-Silva, L

; Rohde, LEP

; Seguro, LFBC

; Pinheiro, ML

; Park, M

; Fernandes, MR

; Montera, MW

; Alves, MSL

; MRB Jr, Wanderley

; Hossne, N

; Fernandes, PMP

; Lemos, P

; Schneidewind, RO

; Uchoa, RB

; Honorato, R

; Mangini, S

; Falcão, SNRS

; Lopes, SAV

; Strabelli, TMV

; Guimarães, TCF

; Campanili, TCGF

; Issa, VS

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2016, Volume 107 N. 2 Pages 1 - 33

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160128 22418 downloads

ASSESSMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS AFTER VERMICOMPOSTING IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE
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Damasceno, Odilaine Inácio de Carvalho

; Reis, César

; Reis, Efraim Lázaro

; Bellato, Carlos Roberto

; Fidêncio, Paulo Henrique

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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dec 2015, Volume 39 N. 6 Pages 1786 - 1795

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO AVALIAÇÃO DA BIODISPONIBILIDADE DE METAIS PESADOS APÓS VERMICOMPOSTAGEM EM PRESENÇA DE LIXO ELETRÔNICO Os metais pesados presentes no lixo eletrônico, descartado de forma inadequada, podem se tornar biodisponíveis após a vermicompostagem, representando risco ao ambiente. Foram realizados experimentos de vermicompostagem em pequena escala na presença de placas de circuito impresso (PCI) para investigar a migração de metais pesados (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni e Sn) para o composto obtido, assim como a mobilidade e biodisponibilidade desses metais. Os resultados evidenciaram elevados teores totais de Pb, Sn e Cu nas amostras de esterco com resíduo eletrônico (ERE) e vegetais com resíduo eletrônico (VRE). Levando-se em consideração os teores iniciais dos metais nas PCIs e as concentrações dos mesmos no composto obtido, a ordem de migração desses metais para as amostras ERE e VRE foi Sn (23,1 %)>Pb (18,4 %)>Ni (4,63 %)>Zn (0,46 %)>Cu (0,14 %) e Sn (24,3 %)>Pb (23,6 %)>Ni (11,33 %)>Zn (1,76 %)>Cu (0,60 %), respectivamente. A avaliação da mobilidade e biodisponibilidade dos metais no composto foi realizada mediante a extração sequencial em três etapas, sendo F1 a fração trocável, F2 a fração orgânica e F3 a fração residual. O fator de biodisponibilidade (FB) foi obtido pela razão entre a soma das frações F1 e F2 pela soma total das frações (F1 + F2 + F3). O maior valor do FB (0,92) foi encontrado para o Pb, metal pesado considerado de maior preocupação ambiental neste estudo, o que indica alta mobilidade desse metal, podendo tornar-se biodisponível.

ABSTRACT Heavy metals contained in electronic waste, if discarded improperly, can become bioavailable after vermicomposting, posing a risk to the environment. Small-scale vermicomposting experiments were carried out with printed circuit boards (PCBs) to investigate the migration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Sn) to the final compost, as well as the mobility and bioavailability of these metals. High total levels of Pb, Sn and Cu in samples of manure with electronic waste (MEW) and vegetables with electronic waste (VEW) were detected. Based on the initial metal levels in the PCBs and their concentration in the resulting compost, the order of migration of these metals to the MEW and VEW samples was Sn (23.1 %)>Pb (18.4 %)>Ni (4.63 %)>Zn (0.46 %)>Cu (0.14 %) and Sn (24.3 %)>Pb (23.6 %)>Ni (11.33 %)>Zn (1.76 %)>Cu (0.60 %), respectively. Mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the compost were evaluated by three-stage sequential extraction, where F1 was the exchangeable fraction, F2 the organic fraction and F3 the residual fraction. The bioavailability factor (BF) was calculated by the ratio of the sum of fractions F1 and F2 divided by the total sum of the fractions (F1 + F2 + F3). The highest bioavailability factor (BF = 0.92) was found for Pb, the heavy metal considered the greatest environmental concern in this study, indicating the high mobility and the possibility of becoming bioavailable of this metal.

https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150060 2634 downloads

10.

PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT METABOLIZABILITY IN BROILERS FED DIETS CONTAINING CORN CONTAMINATED WITH FUMONISIN B1 AND ESTERIFIED GLUCOMANNAN
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Oliveira, EM

; Tanure, CBGS

; Castejon, FV

; Castro, RMAD

; Rocha, FRT

; Carvalho, FB

; Andrade, MA

; Stringhini, JH

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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sep 2015, Volume 17 N. 3 Pages 313 - 318

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers fed diets containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM). In total, 420 male broilers were distributed according to a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three FB1 exposure times (seven, 21, or 35 days), two dietary glucomannan addition levels (0 or 0.1% EGM), and control diet, totaling seven treatments. The following diets were fed: 1) Control diet, 2) pre-starter diet containing FB1, 3) pre-starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 4) starter diet containing FB1, 5) starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 6) grower diet containing FB1, and 7) grower diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM. On d 7, broilers fed FB1 presented lower body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.05) compared with control treatment. On d 21, no significant performance differences were detected among treatment groups (p>0.05). At 35 days of exposure to FB1 body weight gain was reduced (p<0.05) compared with broilers fed fumonisin B1 for seven days. From 4 to 7 days and 18 to 21 days of age, FB1 reduced nutrient metabolizability (p<0.05). From 36 to 39 days of age, the EGM allowed maintaining apparent metabolizability for ether extract. It was concluded that the EGM did not reduce FB1 effects on performance or nutrient metabolizability in broilers, except for apparent metabolizability of ether extract.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1703313-318 1159 downloads

11.

Egg quality of hens fed different digestible lysine and arginine levels
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Carvalho, FB de

; Stringhini, JH

; Matos, MS

; Café, MB

; Leandro, NSM

; Gomes, NA

; Santana, ES

; Jardim Filho, RM

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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mar 2015, Volume 17 N. 1 Pages 63 - 68

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of the supplementation of digestible lysine and digestible arginine at different ratios in the diet fed to layers between 24 to 44 weeks of age on egg quality. In total,320 Lohmann LSL laying hens were allotted according to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4factorial arrangement, consisting of two digestible lysine levels (700 or 900 mg/kg of diet) and four digestible arginine levels (700, 800, 900,or 1000 mg/kg of diet). Diets contained, therefore, digestible Lys:Arg ratios of 100, 114, 128, and 142 when the diet contained 700 mg digestible lysine per kg of diet, and 78, 89, 100, and 111 when 900 mg digestible lysine per kg was supplemented. The data obtained with digestible arginine levels were fitted to polynomial regression equations, and with digestible lysine, the F test (5% probability) was used to compare the means. The following variables were evaluated: egg weight; internal egg quality (yolk percentage and index, albumen percentage, Haugh units), eggshell quality (specific gravity andeggshell percentage); and whole egg, albumen, and yolk solids content. Digestible lysine and arginine interaction did not affect egg quality. Increasing levels of digestible lysine and arginine reduced eggshell quality and albumen solids, respectively. The levels of these amino acids suggested to improveegg quality are 700 mg digestible lysine and 700 mg digestible arginine/kg of feed at a Dig Lys: Dig Arg ratio of 100.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x170163-68 1838 downloads

12.

Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Angina Instável e Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST (II Edição, 2007) - Atualização 2013/2014
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Nicolau, JC

; Timerman, A

; Marin-Neto, JA

; Piegas, LS

; Barbosa, CJDG

; Franci, A

; Avezum Jr., A

; Carvalho, ACC

; Markman Filho, B

; Polanczyk, CA

; Rochitte, CE

; Serrano Júnior, CV

; Precoma, DB

; Silva Junior, DG

; Albuquerque, DC

; Stefanini, E

; Knobel, E

; Jatene, FB

; Feres, F

; Morcerf, FAP

; Ganem, F

; Lima Filho, FA

; Feitosa Filho, GS

; Ferreira, JFM

; Meneghetti, JC

; Saraiva, JFK

; Silva, LS

; Maia, LN

; Baracioli, LM

; Lisboa, LAF

; Dallan, LAO

; Bodanese, LC

; Andrade, MD

; Oliveira Júnior, M

; Dutra, OP

; Coelho, OR

; Leães, PE

; Albuquerque, PF

; Lemos, P

; Kalil, R

; Costa, RVC

; Esporcate, R

; Marino, RL

; Botellho, RV

; Meneghelo, RS

; Sprovieri, SR

; Timerman, S

; Mathias Júnior, W

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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mar 2014, Volume 102 N. 3 Pages 01 - 75

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2014S001 80721 downloads

13.

Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots
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Carvalho, Anderson L. de

; Oliveira, Vladimir de

; Moraes, Wanderlei de

; Cubas, Zalmir S.

; Rinaldi, Alcides R.

; Oliveira, Marcos J. de

; Almeida, Rosana. P. de

; Bordignon, Leonardo A.F.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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dec 2013, Volume 33 Suppl. 1 Pages 71 - 74

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste experimento foram comparados os métodos de coleta total de fezes (CT) e de indicadores internos (cinza insolúvel em ácido - CIA, fibra bruta - FB e fibra em detergente ácido - FDA) na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) e energia bruta (EB) de uma ração comercial de gatos-domésticos para jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis). Seis animais adultos com peso de 12,45 ± 1,37kg receberam gradativamente a ração experimental na dieta habitual até o início do experimento e foram submetidos a um período de adaptação de 10 dias anteriores ao período de coleta. Os CDA obtidos pela CT, CIA, FB e FDA foram, respectivamente de 73,70; 76,83; 62,01 e 46,03% para matéria seca, 81,9; 84,8; 75,8 e 63,8% para proteína bruta, 85,0; 86,7; 78,5 e 69,1% para extrato etéreo, 78,52; 79,55; 69,11 e 53,04% para extrativo não nitrogenado e de 80,5; 82,2; 71,4 e 58,4% para energia bruta. O método de CIA mostrou-se eficiente na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente e pode contribuir com as investigações sobre a digestibilidade em dietas com felídeos selvagens. A ração utilizada permitiu aos animais um adequado aporte nutricional e apresentou menores custos/animal/dia em comparação aos itens que compunham a dieta habitual.

In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash - AIA, crude fiber - CF, and acid-detergent fiber - ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.

1903 downloads

14.

Phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid in broiler diets
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Pelícia, VC

; Stradiotti, AC

; Araujo, PC de

; Maruno, MK

; Carvalho, FB de

; Pezzato, AC

; Sartori, JR

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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dec 2013, Volume 15 N. 4 Pages 295 - 300

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of phytogenic additives (PAs) and glutamine plus glutamic acid (Gln/Glu), associated or not, in replacement of antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidials (AGP/AC) on the performance and carcass yield of broilers. Five hundred male Cobb broilers were housed in an experimental house and randomly distributed into five treatments, with four replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CD); CD+AGP/AC; CD+Gln/Glu; CD+PAs; CD+Gln/ Glu+PAs. Diets were formulated only with plant feedstuffs, i.e., they did not contain any animal byproducts. Performance data were collected for the accumulated periods of 1-7, 1-21, and 1-42 days of age. Carcass yield and parts yield were determined at 42 days of age. Treatments did not influence performance during none of the evaluated periods. The greatest carcass yield (p<0.05) was obtained in birds in the treatments CD+Gln/Glu and CD+Gln/Glu+PAs relative to CD, but not different from birds in the AGP+AC and PAs treatments, which were not different from the CD treatment. Birds fed the CD+Gln/Glu diet presented greater breast yield (p<0.05) compared with those in the CD and AGP/AC treatments, but there was no difference in comparison with the other treatments. Under the conditions of the present experiment, the dietary supplementation with phytogenic additives and with glutamine plus glutamic acid does not affect the performance, but improves carcass yield and breast yield of broilers.

1833 downloads

15.

The use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes for the detection of poultry offal meal in meat-type quail feeds
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Sernagiotto, ER

; Ducatti, C

; Sartori, JR

; Stradiotti, AC

; Maruno, MK

; Araujo, PC

; Carvalho, FB

; Pezzato, AC

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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mar 2013, Volume 15 N. 1 Pages 65 - 70

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of the present study was to trace the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in the diet of meat-type quails reared for a long period using the technique of stable isotopes. A number of 320 quails were randomly distributed into eight treatments: vegetable diet (T1), and a diet containing 8% POM were fed until the end of the experimental period (T2) or replaced by the vegetable diet on day 42 (T3), 56 (T4), 70 (T5), 84 (T6), 98 (T7), and 112 (T8). Breast muscle samples were collected from four birds randomly selected per treatment every 14 days. The obtained isotope results were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the aid of the GLM procedure of statistical SAS program. Treatments were different from T1 when birds were sacrificed at least two weeks after the diet was changed. T2 results were different from T1 in all evaluated periods. It was concluded that it is possible to trace poultry offal meal inclusion in a strictly vegetable diet after the diet was changed for at least 14 days.

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