Abstract Introduction: sedentary behavior is an important target for health promotion. In this systematic review, we aimed to provide evidence to support decisions about measurement approach choices for subjectively assessing sedentary behavior in pediatric population, adopting objective methods as the reference. Methods: in this systematic review with meta-analysis, published studies were retrieved from electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, BioMed Central and SCOPUS. We considered studies evaluating sedentary behavior agreement through questionnaire and/or diary in comparison with an objective measure. A total of six inclusion criteria were used. We synthesized the data using correlation coefficients (r) as an indicator of agreement estimates. The review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42014015138). Results: a total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria with ages ranging from 3 to 17.5 years and provided 17 agreement analyses. Thirteen of these agreement analyses (76.5%) reported correlation coefficients. We found two major groups of sedentary activities: screen time (47.1%) and sedentary behaviors (52.9%). The pooled agreement between questionnaires and accelerometers for assessing self-reported screen time was negative (r = -0.15; CI 95%: -0.17 to -0.13). Conversely, when the sedentary behavior was assessed by questionnaires and accelerometers, the pooled agreement was positive for parent-reporting (r = 0.09; CI 95%: 0.04 to 0.13) and self-reporting (r = 0.43; CI 95%: 0.40 to 0.47) in children and adolescents, respectively. Conclusion: questionnaires have positive agreement with accelerometers for assessing sedentary behavior, whereas the agreement is negative for assessing screen time. Self-reported questionnaires are recommended methods to measure sedentary behavior in adolescents.

Resumen Introducción: el comportamiento sedentario es un objetivo importante para la promoción de la salud. En esta revisión sistemática, nuestro objetivo fue proporcionar evidencia para apoyar las decisiones sobre las opciones metodológicas acerca de los instrumentos para medición subjetiva del comportamiento sedentario en la población pediátrica, adoptando métodos objetivos como referencia. Métodos: en esta revisión sistemática con metaanálisis, fueron recuperados estudios publicados en las bases de datos electrónicas Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, BioMed Central y SCOPUS. Consideramos estudios que evalúan el acuerdo de comportamiento sedentario a través del cuestionario y/o diario en comparación con una medida objetiva. Se utilizaron un total de seis criterios de inclusión. Sintetizamos los datos utilizando coeficientes de correlación (r) como un indicador de las estimaciones de la concordancia. El protocolo de revisión está registrado en la base de datos PROSPERO (CRD42014015138). Resultados: un total de 14 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 17,5 años y proporcionaron 17 análisis de concordancia. Trece de estos análisis de concordancia (76,5%) informaron coeficientes de correlación. Encontramos dos grupos principales de actividades sedentarias: tiempo de pantalla (47,1%) y comportamiento sedentario (52,9%). La concordancia entre cuestionarios y acelerómetros para evaluar el tiempo de pantalla autorreportado fue negativa (r = -0,15; IC 95%: -0,17 a -0,13). Sin embargo, cuando se evaluó el comportamiento sedentario mediante cuestionarios y acelerómetros, el acuerdo fue positivo para el reporte de los padres (r = 0,09; IC 95%: 0,04 a 0,13) y el reporte (r = 0,43; IC 95%: 0,40 a 0.47) de niños y adolescentes, respectivamente. Conclusión: los cuestionarios tienen un acuerdo positivo con los acelerómetros para evaluar el comportamiento sedentario, mientras que el acuerdo es negativo para evaluar el tiempo de pantalla. Los cuestionarios autorreportados son métodos recomendados para medir el comportamiento sedentario en adolescentes.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure in a sample of adolescents from a low-income city in Brazil and to estimate the relationship with the socioeconomic status of the family, the education level of the family provider and the type of school. Methods: This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 1,014 adolescents (54.8% girls), between 14-19 years of age, attending high school from Imperatriz (MA). The outcomes of this study were: obesity and overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic). The independent variables were: socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, education level of the family provider (ELFP) and type of school. The confounding variables were: gender, age and physical activity level. Prevalence was estimated, and the association between the endpoints and the independent variables was analyzed using a prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval, estimated by Poisson regression. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 3.8%, overweight, 13.1%, abdominal obesity, 22.7% and high blood pressure, 21.3%. The adjusted analysis indicated that girls with high SES showed an increased likelihood to be overweight (PR=1.71 [95% IC: 1.13-2.87]), while private school boys had an increased likelihood of obesity (PR=1.79 [95% CI: 1.04-3.08]) and abdominal obesity (PR =1.64 [95% CI: 1.06-2.54]). Conclusion: The prevalence of CVDR is high in adolescents from this low-income region. Boys from private schools are more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity, and girls with high SES are more likely to be overweight.

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y hipertensión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes pertenecientes a una ciudad de baja renta en Brasil y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo de lo responsable de la familia y tipo de escuela. Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 1014 adolescentes (54,8% chicas), con edades entre 14-19 años, estudiantes de las escuelas de la ciudad de Imperatriz (Brasil), seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio. Las variables dependientes evaluadas son: obesidad general y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal, y tensión arterial alta (sistólica y/o diastólica). Las variables independientes son: nivel socioeconómico de la familia (NSO), el nivel de educación de lo responsable de la familia (NERF) y tipo de escuela. Las variables de confusión son: sexo, edad y nivel de actividad física. La prevalencia fue estimada, y la asociación entre las variables dependientes y las variables independientes se analizaron mediante razón de prevalencia (RP), con intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, estimado por la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia de la obesidad general fue de 3,8%, sobrepeso 13,1%, obesidad abdominal 22,7% y la tesión arterial alta 21,3%. Las análisis ajustadas indicaron que las chicas con NSO alto tienen mayor probabilidad de tener sobrepeso (RP=1,71 [IC95%: 1,13 a 2,87]), y chicos de las escuelas privadas tienen más probabilidad de tener obesidad (RP=1,79 [IC95%: 1.04- 3,08]) y obesidad abdominal (RP=1,64 [IC95%: 1,06 a 2,54]). Conclusión: La prevalencia de los FRC es alta en adolescentes de una región de baja renta. Los chicos de las escuelas privadas son más propensos a tener obesidad y obesidad abdominal, y las chicas con NSO alto son más propensas a tener sobrepeso.

Levantamentos de comportamento de risco para HIV/AIDS são geralmente feitos para grupos de risco onde a prevalência é normalmente esperada ser maior que na população geral. Assim, foi criada uma homepage educacional em português para informar/perguntar sobre conhecimento e comportamento aos internautas. Os internautas foram classificados em grupos: adolescentes (13 a 25a) e adultos (>25a). DST foi relatada como 1,8 ± 2,6 infecções (intervalo de 1 a 20 infecções); 43% usaram preservativo durante ralação sexual. Álcool foi referido por 63%, droga ilícita por 32% (maconha 24% e inalantes 15%). Trinta e um por cento dos jovens não classificaram álcool como droga. Adultos referiram maior freqüência em homossexualismo, sexo anal e DST, embora jovens apresentem altas taxas no comportamento de risco. Os resultados mostram necessidade de atingir internautas com melhores estratégias de controle. Diferentes tipos de estratégias devem ser encorajados, a fim de alcançar pessoas que usam este meio de comunicação e de entretenimento.

Surveys of risky behavior relating to HIV/AIDS are generally made for groups at risk of infection, for which HIV/AIDS prevalence is usually expected to be higher than in the general population. Therefore, an educational homepage in Portuguese was created on the Internet to inform/ask internauts regarding knowledge and behavior. The internauts were classified as adolescents (13 to 25 years) and adults (>25 years). The number of STDs was reported as 1. 8 ± 2. 6 infections (range: 1 to 20 infections); 43% used condoms during sexual intercourse. Alcohol consumption was reported by 63% and illicit drug use by 32% (marijuana 24% and inhalants 15%). Among the adolescents, 31% did not classified alcohol as a drug. The adults more frequently reported homosexuality, anal intercourse and STDs, although the adolescents also presented high rates of risky behavior. These results show the need to reach out to internauts through better control strategies. Different types of strategies must be encouraged, in order to reach people that use this means of communication and entertainment.

Observa-se aumento do número de casos de AIDS e hepatite C entre mulheres, incluindo aquelas confinadas no sistema prisional. Este trabalho propôs estudar aspectos relacionados ao comportamento sexual e associados ao risco de transmissão do HIV e da hepatite C em detentas numa penitenciária de São Paulo, Brasil. É um estudo transversal realizado em 2000, aplicando questionários de comportamento e obtendo diagnósticos sorológicos para HIV e HCV. A medida de associação escolhida foi OR para análises bi e multivariada (regressão logística). Participaram do estudo 290 detentas. A prevalência observada para HIV e HCV foi de 13,9% e 16,2%, respectivamente. Associações estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) para HIV positivo foram observadas para as variáveis: parceiros com AIDS OR = 6,9 (2,7-35,2); usuários de drogas ingetáveis (UDI) OR = 3,3 (1,6-14,7); parceiro fixo OR=3,7 (1,5-8,3) e para HCV positivo com UDI OR = 13,7 (4,4-42,7); parceiro UDI OR = 4,9 (1,9-12,2); prisão anterior OR = 2,8 (1,2-6,5) ajustadas por: parceiros com AIDS, UDI, parceiro UDI, uso de drogas e prisão anterior. Concluiu-se que o risco parenteral foi associado com infecções pelo HIV e HCV, e o sexual, pelo HIV. Recomendam-se programas de prevenção adequados e continuados no ambiente carcerário.

An increase has been observed in AIDS and hepatitis C cases in women, including female prison inmates. This study focused on inmates' behavioral factors associated with risk of HIV and HCV transmission in a women's detention facility in São Paulo, Brazil. Behavioral questionnaires were applied and HIV and HCV serology were performed. The selected measure of association was odds ratio for both the bi and multivariate logistic regression analyses. 290 inmates participated in the study. HIV and HCV prevalence rates were 13.9% and 16.2%, respectively. Statistically significant associations were observed (p < 0.05) between HIV and the following variables: partner with AIDS OR = 6.9 (2.7-35.2); injection drug users (IDU) OR = 3.3 (1.6-14.7); regular partner OR = 3.7 (1.5-8.3), and between HCV and: IDU OR = 13.7 (4.4-42.7); IDU partner OR = 4.9 (1.9-12.2); previous arrest OR = 2.8 (1.2-6.5) adjusted for: partner with AIDS, IDU, IDU partner, drug user, and previous arrest. In conclusion, parenteral risk was associated with HIV and HCV infection and sexual risk with HIV. Appropriate and continuous preventive programs are recommended in the prison.

Observa-se aumento do número de casos de AIDS e hepatite C entre mulheres, incluindo aquelas confinadas no sistema prisional. Este trabalho propôs estudar aspectos relacionados ao comportamento sexual e associados ao risco de transmissão do HIV e da hepatite C em detentas numa penitenciária de São Paulo, Brasil. É um estudo transversal realizado em 2000, aplicando questionários de comportamento e obtendo diagnósticos sorológicos para HIV e HCV. A medida de associação escolhida foi OR para análises bi e multivariada (regressão logística). Participaram do estudo 290 detentas. A prevalência observada para HIV e HCV foi de 13,9% e 16,2%, respectivamente. Associações estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) para HIV positivo foram observadas para as variáveis: parceiros com AIDS OR = 6,9 (2,7-35,2); usuários de drogas ingetáveis (UDI) OR = 3,3 (1,6-14,7); parceiro fixo OR=3,7 (1,5-8,3) e para HCV positivo com UDI OR = 13,7 (4,4-42,7); parceiro UDI OR = 4,9 (1,9-12,2); prisão anterior OR = 2,8 (1,2-6,5) ajustadas por: parceiros com AIDS, UDI, parceiro UDI, uso de drogas e prisão anterior. Concluiu-se que o risco parenteral foi associado com infecções pelo HIV e HCV, e o sexual, pelo HIV. Recomendam-se programas de prevenção adequados e continuados no ambiente carcerário.

An increase has been observed in AIDS and hepatitis C cases in women, including female prison inmates. This study focused on inmates' behavioral factors associated with risk of HIV and HCV transmission in a women's detention facility in São Paulo, Brazil. Behavioral questionnaires were applied and HIV and HCV serology were performed. The selected measure of association was odds ratio for both the bi and multivariate logistic regression analyses. 290 inmates participated in the study. HIV and HCV prevalence rates were 13.9% and 16.2%, respectively. Statistically significant associations were observed (p < 0.05) between HIV and the following variables: partner with AIDS OR = 6.9 (2.7-35.2); injection drug users (IDU) OR = 3.3 (1.6-14.7); regular partner OR = 3.7 (1.5-8.3), and between HCV and: IDU OR = 13.7 (4.4-42.7); IDU partner OR = 4.9 (1.9-12.2); previous arrest OR = 2.8 (1.2-6.5) adjusted for: partner with AIDS, IDU, IDU partner, drug user, and previous arrest. In conclusion, parenteral risk was associated with HIV and HCV infection and sexual risk with HIV. Appropriate and continuous preventive programs are recommended in the prison.