Las políticas de salud pública apuntan a brindar acceso equitativo a los servicios de salud como un derecho fundamental. En 2022, el Ministerio de Salud creó un incentivo financiero para promover la actividad física (IAF) en la Atención Primaria de Salud del SUS. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar el panorama nacional del primer año de implementación del IAF y analizar si el puntaje de priorización municipal, creado considerando la disponibilidad presupuestaria existente, fue un criterio efectivo para una mayor equidad en la distribución de los recursos en los diferentes períodos de implementación (sin y con metas). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con análisis del número absoluto y relativo de municipios y unidades de salud aprobadas, unidades de salud que recibieron recursos y los montos pagados. Para analizar la equidad se calcularon medidas de desigualdades absolutas y relativas entre unidades de salud, agrupadas en cuartiles según el puntaje de priorización municipal. Se demostró que el 74% de los municipios y el 16,7% de las unidades de salud elegibles fueron aprobados por el IAF. El porcentaje de unidades de salud aprobadas que recibieron recursos no superó el 37,6%, siendo pagados R$ 18,05 millones (período sin metas) y R$ 10,10 millones (con metas). Hubo una reducción del 68,9% en las unidades de salud que recibieron recursos luego de establecer metas. Se revelaron importantes desigualdades en la recepción de recursos, con un mayor porcentaje de unidades de salud ubicadas en municipios con menor prioridad. Por tanto, los criterios adoptados por el Ministerio de Salud fueron insuficientes para garantizar la equidad en la asignación de recursos para promover la actividad física.

As políticas públicas de saúde têm como objetivo proporcionar acesso equitativo aos serviços de saúde como um direito fundamental. Em 2022, o Ministério da Saúde criou um incentivo financeiro para a promoção da atividade física (IAF) na Atenção Primária à Saúde do SUS. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos apresentar o panorama nacional do primeiro ano de implementação do IAF e analisar se a nota de priorização municipal, criada considerando a disponibilidade orçamentária existente, foi um critério efetivo para maior equidade na distribuição dos recursos nos diferentes períodos de implementação (sem e com metas). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com análises do número absoluto e relativo de municípios e unidades de saúde homologadas, de unidades de saúde que receberam recursos e dos valores pagos. Para analisar a equidade, foram calculadas as medidas de desigualdades absolutas e relativas entre as unidades de saúde, agrupadas em quartis conforme a nota de priorização municipal. Foi demonstrado que 74% dos municípios e 16,7% das unidades de saúde elegíveis foram homologadas ao IAF. O percentual de unidades de saúde homologadas que receberam recursos não passou de 37,6%, sendo pagos R$18,05 milhões (período sem metas) e R$10,10 milhões (com metas). Houve uma redução de 68,9% nas unidades de saúde que receberam recursos após o estabelecimento de metas. Foram reveladas importantes desigualdades no recebimento de recursos, com maior percentual de unidades de saúde localizadas em municípios com menor prioridade. Assim, os critérios adotados pelo Ministério da Saúde foram insuficientes para garantir equidade na alocação de recursos para a promoção da atividade física.

Public health policies aim to provide equitable access to healthcare services as a fundamental right. In 2022, the Ministry of Health created a financial incentive to promote physical activity (IAF) in SUS Primary Health Care. The objectives of this study were to present the national panorama of the first year of implementation of the IAF and to analyze whether the municipal prioritization score, created considering the existing budget availability, was an effective criterion for greater equity in the distribution of resources in the different implementation periods (without and with targets). This is a descriptive study analyzing the absolute and relative number of municipalities and health units approved, the number of health units that received funds and the amounts paid out. To analyze equity, measures of absolute and relative inequalities between health units were calculated, grouped into quartiles according to the municipal prioritization score. The percentage of approved health units that received funds was no more than 37.6%, with R$18.05 million paid out (period without targets) and R$10.10 million (with targets). There was a 68.9% reduction in the number of health units that received funds after the targets were set. Important inequalities in the receipt of resources were revealed, with a higher percentage of health units located in municipalities with lower priority. Thus, the criteria adopted by the Ministry of Health were insufficient to guarantee equity in the allocation of resources to promote physical activity.

Abstract Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.

Resumo Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o orçamento e o financiamento federal de programas e ações de promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2019 a 2022 (Programa Academia da Saúde e o Incentivo Federal de Custeio da Atividade Física na Atenção Primária). Foram analisados e calculados os valores per capita, pela população coberta pela atenção primária e por participante de programas públicos. Os recursos efetivamente pagos foram de 3,31% a 15,06% menores dos que os aprovados no orçamento (nominal), e também foram identificados os baixos valores (máximos) anuais, independentemente se nominal ou deflacionado per capita (R$ 0,21 a 0,30) por população coberta pela atenção primária (R$ 0,25 a 0,40) e por participante (R$ 10,61 a 14,61). Concluiu-se que o baixo investimento na promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas diminui o acesso e não contribui para o pleno funcionamento do SUS ao impedir ou dificultar a ampliação de possibilidades do cuidado integral em saúde.

Abstract Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.

Resumo Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o orçamento e o financiamento federal de programas e ações de promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2019 a 2022 (Programa Academia da Saúde e o Incentivo Federal de Custeio da Atividade Física na Atenção Primária). Foram analisados e calculados os valores per capita, pela população coberta pela atenção primária e por participante de programas públicos. Os recursos efetivamente pagos foram de 3,31% a 15,06% menores dos que os aprovados no orçamento (nominal), e também foram identificados os baixos valores (máximos) anuais, independentemente se nominal ou deflacionado per capita (R$ 0,21 a 0,30) por população coberta pela atenção primária (R$ 0,25 a 0,40) e por participante (R$ 10,61 a 14,61). Concluiu-se que o baixo investimento na promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas diminui o acesso e não contribui para o pleno funcionamento do SUS ao impedir ou dificultar a ampliação de possibilidades do cuidado integral em saúde.

ABSTRACT Luis Tavares revolutionized cardiac surgery, always bringing the most modern instruments and equipment from his travels to England - surgical forceps, scissors, scalpels, etc. He always insisted that he was not just a thoracic surgeon, for his work extended over a wide field and created three important cardiac surgery centers which promoted a great development of cardiology. He carried out the first open heart surgery (atrial septal defect) employing extracorporeal circulation and closure of a ventricular septal defect with deep surface hypothermia of north and northeast Brazil. He promoted an intense scientific exchange program between Recife and England, resulting in significant advances in medicine, and participated directly in the creation of HEMOPE), leading to radical changes and improvements in blood therapy in the whole country. The PROCAPE, inaugurated in 2006, was the result of the cardiac center created by him in early 1970 at Hospital Oswaldo Cruz and can be considered the second largest public-university cardiology center in Brazil. He is thus widely regarded as an outstanding name in medicine in the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern cardiac surgery in Brazil.

Abstract The industrial waste peoduction causes environmental damage, so it is important to reintroduce them into the production cycle to promove a more sustainable development. The present study aims to investigate the use of residual marble powder as a filler and its effects on the production of concrete for interlocking pavements. For this purpose, natural sand was replaced by 15% and 25% marble powder, these percentages being scarce in the literature on the reuse of marble waste. The physical properties of the materials used were evaluated, and the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the developed concrete were analyzed. It was observed that marble powder improves the workability of the mixture and reduces the quantity of empty spots in the concrete, resulting in a stronger, denser, and more homogeneous material. The axial compressive resistence achieved by the concrete was close to 40 MPa, meeting the Brazilian technical standard for interlocking pavement production. It was found that the integration of waste into the production cycle is beneficial for optimizing material properties, reducing the consumption of raw materials and the associated environmental impacts of their extraction.

Resumo A produção de resíduos industriais causa impactos ambientais, por isso é importante reintroduzi-los no ciclo produtivo para promover um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o uso do pó de mármore residual como fíler e seus efeitos na produção de concreto para pavimentos intertravados. Para isso, a areia natural foi substituída em 15% e 25% pelo pó de mármore, percentuais pouco usados na literatura de reaproveitamento de resíduos de mármore. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas dos materiais utilizados e as características mecânicas e microestruturais dos concretos desenvolvidos. Notou-se que o pó de mármore melhora a trabalhabilidade da mistura e reduz a quantidade de vazios no concreto, resultando em um material mais resistente, denso e homogêneo. As resistências à compressão obtidas pelos concretos foram próximas de 40 MPa, o que atende à norma técnica brasileira para produção de pavimentos intertravados. Verificou-se que a inserção de resíduos no ciclo produtivo é benéfica por otimizar propriedades dos materiais, reduzir o consumo de matérias-primas e os impactos ambientais associados à sua extração.

Body practices and physical activities (BPPA) have been incorporated into the services of the Unified Health System (SUS), with the Health Academy Program as its main exponent. However, planning, which expresses the responsibilities of managers regarding the population's health, has not yet been investigated to make these practices effective as public health policies. Thus, the aim of this manuscript was to analyze the formulation and development of the agenda for BPPA promotion from the planning instruments of the federal level of the SUS - National Health Plan, Annual Health Programming and Annual Management Report, from 2004 to 2023. Through an analytical-descriptive study based on documentary research, a search was carried out for terms such as: (in)physical activity; physically active; physical exercise; body practices; among others. The formulation and development of the BPPA promotion agenda were mainly related to facing chronic noncommunicable diseases, and there was an important disparity between what was planned and what was executed, to the detriment of the expansion of Health Academy. With the historic rescue of the BPPA agenda in SUS presented, debates and initiatives are allowed with a view to making them effective as a public health policy.

As práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) têm sido incorporadas nos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), tendo o Programa Academia da Saúde como principal expoente. Porém, ainda não foi investigado o planejamento, que expressa as responsabilidades dos gestores quanto à saúde da população, para efetivação dessas práticas como políticas públicas de saúde. Assim, o presente manuscrito teve o objetivo de analisar a formulação e o desenvolvimento da agenda de promoção das PCAF a partir dos instrumentos de planejamento do âmbito federal do SUS – Plano Nacional de Saúde, Programação Anual de Saúde e Relatório Anual de Gestão, de 2004 a 2023. Por meio de estudo de caráter analítico-descritivo pautado em pesquisa documental foi realizada a busca de termos como: (in)atividade física; fisicamente ativo; exercício físico; práticas corporais; dentre outros. A formulação e o desenvolvimento da agenda de promoção das PCAF estiveram principalmente relacionados ao enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e houve importante disparidade entre o que foi planejado e o executado, em desfavor da expansão do Academia da Saúde. Com o resgate histórico da agenda das PCAF no SUS apresentado são permitidos debates e iniciativas com vistas a efetivá-las enquanto política pública de saúde.

The construction of public policies for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Brazil is a history of struggle that unites sanitarians, researchers and activists since the 1980s. An important part of this path is linked to the production and distribution of antiretroviral drugs (ARV), initiatives to reduce the price of ARVs and civil society mobilizations for the guarantee of rights, which contributed to create one of the most successful programs to combat the disease in the country. world. Based on this history, this study aimed to analyze government spending on the acquisition of selected ARVs in the period between 2005 and 2020, making a comparison with international prices, in the light of determinants related to patent disputes, voluntary licensing, PDPs and ARV price reduction initiatives. Among other results, it was possible to observe that there was no immediate relationship between the end of the patent concession and the reduction of prices. Filings of other patent applications and the lack of nationally registered competitors, even after patent expiration, can be significant factors in maintaining high prices.

A construção de políticas públicas para a prevenção e tratamento do HIV/Aids no Brasil é uma história de luta que une sanitaristas, pesquisadores e ativistas desde os anos 1980. Parte importante desse caminho está ligado à produção e distribuição de medicamentos antirretrovirais (ARV), iniciativas de redução do preço dos ARV e mobilizações da sociedade civil pela garantia de direitos, que contribuíram para criar um dos programas mais bem-sucedidos de combate à doença no mundo. Com base nesse histórico, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os gastos governamentais na aquisição de ARV selecionados no período entre 2005 e 2020, fazendo uma comparação com preços internacionais, à luz dos determinantes relacionados às disputas patentárias, ao licenciamento voluntário, às PDPs e às iniciativas para redução de preços de ARVs. Entre outros resultados, foi possível observar que não houve uma relação imediata entre o fim da concessão patentária e a redução de preços. Depósitos de outros pedidos de patente e a inexistência de concorrentes registrados nacionalmente, mesmo após a expiração da patente, podem ser fatores significativos para a manutenção de altos preços.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend and macro-regional distribution of the offer of collective activities of body practices and physical activities (BPPA) and the number of participants in Primary Health Care (PHC), developed by all health professionals and by Physical Education Professionals (PEF). Methods: ecological time series study, using data from the Health Information System for PHC (Sisab) between 2014 and 2022, using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: at the national level, an increase in the number of collective BPPA and PHC participants developed by all health professionals and by PEF was identified between 2014 and 2019, followed by a reduction in both in 2020. In 2021 and 2022 further increases occurred. Conclusion: even though the Covid-19 pandemic occurred, an exceptional scenario and upward trends were identified both in the offer of collective BPPA and participants.

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal e distribuição macrorregional da oferta de atividades coletivas de práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) e do número de participantes na Atenção Primária (APS), desenvolvidas por todos os profissionais de saúde e por Profissionais de Educação Física (PEF). Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal, usando dados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (Sisab) entre 2014 e 2022, por meio da análise de regressão Joinpoint. Resultados: em âmbito nacional, identificou-se aumento do quantitativo de atividades coletivas de PCAF e de participantes na APS desenvolvidas por todos os profissionais de saúde e por PEF entre 2014 e 2019, seguido de uma redução de ambos em 2020. Em 2021 e 2022 ocorreu novo aumento. Conclusão: ainda que tenha ocorrido a pandemia da Covid-19, um cenário de excepcionalidade, foram identificadas tendências de aumento tanto na oferta de atividades coletivas de PCAF quanto de participantes.

Abstract Introduction: food type represents higher odds of having obesity (OB), especially in overweight (OW) subjects. Minimally and ultra-processed foods can be associated with the odds of having OB in OW subjects. Objective: to investigate the association of minimally and ultra-processed food consumption with OB in OW adults. Methods: we included 15,024 participants (9,618 OW [25.0-29.9 kg/m2], 5,406 OB [≥ 30 kg/m2]) with ages ranging from 18 to 59 years from the 2019 baseline survey of the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL, Brazil). Minimally and ultra-processed food daily consumption scores and confounding variables (age, sex, scholarly, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes) were measured. Binary logistic regression analyzes the association of minimally and ultra-processed food consumption scores with OB (odds ratio [OR]). Results: minimally processed food consumption score quartiles (1st = 1[food-score/day]; 2nd = 6[food-score/day]; 3rd = 7[food-score/day]; 4th = 8[food-score/day]) presented higher values compared to ultra-processed food (1st = 1[food-score/day]; 2nd = 1[food-score/day]; 3rd = 2[food-score/day]; 4th = 4[food-score/day]). For each score of minimally processed food consumed, there was a -5.9 % odds of OB. Thus, the higher quartile (4th) of minimally processed food consumption score represents less odds of OB (OR: -47.2 %; p < 0.001). Each ultra-processed food score consumed presented odds of 3.7 % of OB. Therefore, higher consumption of ultra-processed food (4th quartile) shows higher odds of OB (OR: +14.8 %; p < 0.001). All associations remained significatively even after being adjusted by the confounders. Conclusion: the consumption scores of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods presented a magnitude capable of impacting OW adults' odds of OB, even when controlled by sociodemographic factors, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Resumen Introducción: el tipo de alimentación representa una mayor probabilidad de tener obesidad (OB), especialmente en sujetos con sobrepeso (SO). Los alimentos mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados se pueden asociar con las probabilidades de tener OB en sujetos con SO. Objetivo: investigar la asociación del consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados con la OB en adultos con SO. Métodos: se incluyeron 15.024 participantes (9.618 SO [25,0-29,9 kg/m2], 5.406 OB [≥ 30 kg/m2]) con edades entre 18 y 59 años de la encuesta basal 2019 de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas mediante una Encuesta Telefónica (VIGITEL, Brasil). Se midió el puntaje de consumo diario de alimentos mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados y variables de confusión (edad, sexo, escolaridad, actividad física, hipertensión y diabetes). Mediante una regresión logística binaria se analizó la asociación de las puntuaciones de consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados con la OB (odds ratio [OR]). Resultados: los cuartiles de puntuación de consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados (1.º = 1[alimento-puntuación/día]; 2.º = 6[alimento-puntuación/día]; 3.º = 7[alimento-puntuación/día]; 4.º = 8[alimento-puntuación/día]) presentaron valores superiores en comparación con los alimentos ultraprocesados (1.º = 1[alimento-puntuación/día]; 2.º = 1[alimento-puntuación/día]; 3.º = 2[alimento-puntuación/día]; 4.º = 4[alimento-puntuación/día]). Por cada punto de alimentos mínimamente procesados consumidos, hubo una probabilidad de OB del -5,9 %. Por lo tanto, el cuartil más alto (4.º) de puntuación de consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados representa menos probabilidades de OB (OR: -47,2 %; p < 0,001). Cada puntaje de alimentos ultraprocesados consumidos presentó probabilidades de 3.7 % de OB. Por lo tanto, un mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (cuartil 4.º) muestra mayores probabilidades de OB (OR: +14,8 %; p < 0,001). Todas las asociaciones se mantuvieron significativamente incluso después de ajustarlas por los factores de confusión. Conclusión: las puntuaciones de consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados impactaron en la probabilidad de desarrollar OB en adultos con SB, incluso cuando se controló por factores sociodemográficos, actividad física, hipertensión y diabetes.

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the French Reflux Symptom Score-12 questionnaire used for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This was across-cultural translation and adaptation study of a health instrument, with a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in eight stages: translation from French into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the first version (pilot test 1), adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the second version (pilot test 2), back translation, reviewing by a committee in conjunction with the author of the original instrument and, application of the final version. The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the questionnaire were applied to individuals with symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent pHmetry and esophageal manometry at the study site. Results: In pilot test 1, the first version of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to 30 patients. The patients had no difficulty to understand any of the 12 symptom items, but 15 patients (50%) had difficulty interpreting the symptom frequency score. After adapting the format of the frequency score, a version 2 of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to another 23 patients, who completed the questionnaire in full without any difficulty. Along with the review committee, the author of the original RSS-12 considered the version 2 to be adequate and did not propose any changes, so it was approved as the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese RSS-12. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, called Reflux Symptom Score-12 PT-BR, shows good understanding and linguistic, conceptual and content equivalence, in relation to the original Reflux Symptom Score-12.

Abstract Physical Education is one of the categories featured in the SUS workforce. An ecological time series study, based on the National Registry of Health Establishments, was conducted to analyze the inclusion of Physical Education Professionals (PEFs) and residents in the SUS between 2009 and 2021. The scope of the article was to establish a panorama of the inclusion of Physical Education and analyze the distribution of PEFs and residents in the different regions. An increase of 476.01% in the number of PEFs and 10,366.67% among residents was revealed. The PEF rate per 100,000 inhabitants increased by 13.7% per year from 2009 to 2021, with an increase of 28.1% between 2009 and 2014 and 7.8% between 2014 and 2019, and a decrease of 3.4% between 2019 and 2021. The resident rate increased by 36.2% per year between 2009 and 2021, with a 45.9% increase between 2009 and 2017 and 18.7% between 2017 and 2021. Regional inequalities in the distribution of PEFs and residents were revealed, with the highest concentration, in 2021, in the Northeast and South regions, respectively. The increase in PEFs and residents in the SUS can be linked to policies and programs of physical exercise and activities, while the decrease is possibly related to the Previne Brasil Program and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Dentre as categorias que fazem parte da força de trabalho do SUS está a Educação Física. Por meio de estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com base no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, os objetivos do artigo foram analisar a inserção de Profissionais de Educação Física (PEF) e residentes no SUS entre 2009 e 2021 com vistas a traçar um panorama da inserção da Educação Física e analisar a distribuição de PEF e residentes entre as diferentes regiões. Foi revelado um aumento de 476,01% no número de PEF e de 10.366,67% entre os residentes. A taxa de PEF por 100.000 habitantes aumentou 13,7% ao ano entre 2009 e 2021, com aumento de 28,1% entre 2009 e 2014 e de 7,8% entre 2014 e 2019, e redução de 3,4% entre 2019 e 2021. A taxa de residentes aumentou 36,2% ao ano entre 2009 a 2021, com aumento de 45,9% entre 2009 e 2017 e de 18,7% entre 2017 e 2021. Foram reveladas desigualdades regionais na distribuição de PEF e residentes, com maior concentração, em 2021, respectivamente nas regiões Nordeste e Sul. O aumento de PEF e residentes no SUS pode ser relacionado com políticas e programas de práticas corporais e atividades físicas, enquanto o decréscimo, possivelmente, se relaciona com o Programa Previne Brasil e à pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Physical Education is one of the categories featured in the SUS workforce. An ecological time series study, based on the National Registry of Health Establishments, was conducted to analyze the inclusion of Physical Education Professionals (PEFs) and residents in the SUS between 2009 and 2021. The scope of the article was to establish a panorama of the inclusion of Physical Education and analyze the distribution of PEFs and residents in the different regions. An increase of 476.01% in the number of PEFs and 10,366.67% among residents was revealed. The PEF rate per 100,000 inhabitants increased by 13.7% per year from 2009 to 2021, with an increase of 28.1% between 2009 and 2014 and 7.8% between 2014 and 2019, and a decrease of 3.4% between 2019 and 2021. The resident rate increased by 36.2% per year between 2009 and 2021, with a 45.9% increase between 2009 and 2017 and 18.7% between 2017 and 2021. Regional inequalities in the distribution of PEFs and residents were revealed, with the highest concentration, in 2021, in the Northeast and South regions, respectively. The increase in PEFs and residents in the SUS can be linked to policies and programs of physical exercise and activities, while the decrease is possibly related to the Previne Brasil Program and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Dentre as categorias que fazem parte da força de trabalho do SUS está a Educação Física. Por meio de estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com base no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, os objetivos do artigo foram analisar a inserção de Profissionais de Educação Física (PEF) e residentes no SUS entre 2009 e 2021 com vistas a traçar um panorama da inserção da Educação Física e analisar a distribuição de PEF e residentes entre as diferentes regiões. Foi revelado um aumento de 476,01% no número de PEF e de 10.366,67% entre os residentes. A taxa de PEF por 100.000 habitantes aumentou 13,7% ao ano entre 2009 e 2021, com aumento de 28,1% entre 2009 e 2014 e de 7,8% entre 2014 e 2019, e redução de 3,4% entre 2019 e 2021. A taxa de residentes aumentou 36,2% ao ano entre 2009 a 2021, com aumento de 45,9% entre 2009 e 2017 e de 18,7% entre 2017 e 2021. Foram reveladas desigualdades regionais na distribuição de PEF e residentes, com maior concentração, em 2021, respectivamente nas regiões Nordeste e Sul. O aumento de PEF e residentes no SUS pode ser relacionado com políticas e programas de práticas corporais e atividades físicas, enquanto o decréscimo, possivelmente, se relaciona com o Programa Previne Brasil e à pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract In this work, we analyzed cytogenetically eight Chactidae and Buthidae, including the localization of repetitive DNA sequences. The chactids possess monocentric chromosomes and the highest diploid numbers (2n=50 in Brotheas amazonicus, 2n=36 in Chactopsis amazonica, 2n=30 in Neochactas sp.) when compared with buthids (2n=10 in Tityus bahiensis, 2n=14 in Tityus apiacas and Tityus metuendus, 2n=18 in Tityus aba, 2n=26 in Ischnotelson peruassu). The localization of rDNA genes and (TTAGG)n sequences exhibited a conserved pattern of two terminal/subterminal ribosomal cistrons and terminal telomere signals. However, the comparison between the data of C-banding, DAPI after FISH and Cot-DNA fraction indicated a variable quantity and distribution of these regions, as follow: (i) positive heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (B. amazonicus and I. peruassu), (ii) small blocks of heterochromatin with large Cot-DNA signals (T. metuendus), (iii) positive heterochromatic regions and absence of Cot-DNA signals (T. aba and T. apiacas), and (iv) negative heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (T. bahiensis). Therefore, our results revealed that there still is not a clear relation between quantity of heterochromatin and presence of monocentric or holocentric chromosomes and occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, indicating that repetitive regions in scorpions must be analyzed using different cytogenetic approaches.

ABSTRACT. Selection practices are maximized when plant breeders have the availability of consolidated parameters, which will guide direct and indirect selection methods. This study aimed to apply a biometric alternative to minimize residual variance and maximize selection parameters by parent-progeny regression, interim controls, and mixed linear models intrinsic to breeding. The obtained data were subjected to the assumptions of the statistical model, which identified the normality and homogeneity of the residual variances and model additivity. Subsequently, two analysis scenarios were created. The first preserved all information obtained in the experiment, both from segregating families and pure-line cultivars, and was called original scenario. The other scenario preserved progeny data, but the residual variability of controls was restricted using as criterion observations contained between the interval of the first sample standard deviation. Thereby, an acceptable residue limit could be obtained. Both scenarios were submitted to three consolidated frequentist methods (genitor-progeny regression; sum of squares of augmented block design with interim controls; and mixed linear models, wherein random genetic effects are taken as weighted genetic parameters by the genealogical matrix). Restricting residual variation in parents or controls can maximize genetic parameters and genetic gains in soybean breeding. Significant heritability estimate gains were obtained in the augmented blocks with interim control approach. Mixed linear models with random genetic effects can be considered a great tool to obtain genetic parameters in experiments with a high magnitude of common and regular treatments.