Resumen Objetivo: describir los efectos de la neuromodulación en el desempeño de funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Métodos: se seleccionaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME y Web of Science utilizando la siguiente combinación de descriptores: (“resolución de problemas” O “función ejecutiva” O memoria) Y (tDCS O TMS) Y obesidad. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección, 08 artículos fueron incluidos para el análisis. Resultados: los artículos incluidos tuvieron un promedio de 30,1 participantes por estudio, con un mínimo de 12 y un máximo de 76. El estado nutricional general osciló entre bajo peso y obesidad grado 3, y el índice de masa corporal promedio general fue de 28,1 kg/m2. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas, los más frecuentes fueron: paradigma del flanqueador; rivalidad binocular para la supresión continua de flash (bCFS/NoCFS); tarea de Stroop; Tarea Go/No-Go; y tarea N-back. Los resultados primarios dependieron del sitio objetivo de la neuromodulación. Se observó una reducción del antojo de alimentos y un mejor rendimiento en el grupo activo debido a la disminución del tiempo de respuesta y al aumento de la precisión en las tareas cognitivas. Conclusión: la neuromodulación puede generar cambios en las funciones ejecutivas, reduciendo el antojo de alimentos en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Abstract Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: (“problem solving” OR “executive function” OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.

Aim To determine the prevalence of dental development anomalies and type of influence on the smile of adolescent students. Method This was a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lot in the city of Parnaíba-Piauí. The sample calculation was based on the target population: number of people enrolled in public and private schools between 15 and 19 years, in the city of Parnaíba-PI, which totaled 6209 students in 2020, according to a survey carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE. A questionnaire on epidemiological data and aesthetic self-perception of the smile was applied to 160 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old, from August 2020 to July 2021. The clinical examination was carried out under natural light, to check for the presence of anomaly(s) in the dental development. Students who presented only one pathology would be called group 1 (G1), those who presented two would be called group 2 (G2) and those who presented 3 or more would be called group 3 (G3). On the other hand, adolescents in whom no anomaly was evidenced would participate in the control group (CG), both in A1 and A2. Results It was observed that 37.5% of the sample had only a type of dental anomaly, corresponding to 60 individuals. The most prevalent were enamel hypoplasia, fusion, transposition, agenesis, ectopic eruption, microdent and dens-in-dent. It was possible to verify a higher prevalence in the maxilla, private schools (76.6%) and females (86.6%). In 45% of adolescents with dental anomalies, embarrassment was observed when smiling. Conclusion The prevalence was relatively high, highlighting the enamel hypoplasia, influencing the smile esthetics of a reasonable number of adolescents, whether for acquaintances, strangers or even for photographs.

Aim To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years attending high school. Methods The cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gummy smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results The prevalence of GS was 33.8% (=54). It was found that no statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05), regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. There was a significant association between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence was high with a predominance of females. There were no statistically significant associations regarding the type of school and gender, but there was a significant association between gummy smile and lip dimensions.

RESUMO O Parque Nacional da Serra da Gandarela (SGNP), criado em 2014, é repetidamente afetado por incêndios florestais. Essa Unidade de Conservação está localizada no quadrilátero ferrífero (MG), em uma área de transição entre os biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, e é caracterizada por um complexo mosaico de fitofisionomias. O objetivo desta investigação foi comparar o desempenho de dois modelos de mapeamento de risco para incêndios florestais no SGNP e seu entorno, com base em duas abordagens distintas, uma por análise multicritério, método AHP e um método de probabilidade simples, denominado Hot Spot History, que forneceu informações sobre as áreas de maior e menor risco e suas características ambientais e humanas. Dados espaciais de sensoriamento remoto e SIG foram usados para simular, na sequência, a ignição do fogo, a propagação do fogo e, por fim, o risco de incêndio florestal. A validação dos modelos de risco foi realizada pelo coeficiente Kappa (K). Os resultados mostraram que o modelo baseado no Histórico de Hot Points obteve maior precisão (0,61) do que o modelo gerado pelo método AHP (0,54). As coberturas de Cerrado, Campos Rupestres e Campo foram as mais suscetíveis aos incêndios florestais, por serem vegetações herbáceas e localizadas muito próximas a aglomerações urbanas e rodovias. As inclinações orientadas a Norte e Oeste foram importantes para a previsão de incêndios florestais e, por outro lado, a inclinação do terreno não foi importante para discretizar as áreas de maior e menor fragilidade ao referido distúrbio ecológico.

ABSTRACT Created in 2014, the Serra da Gandarela National Park (SGNP), is repeatedly affected by wildfires. This Conservation Unit is located in the Iron Quadrangle (MG), in a transition zone between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes, and is characterized by a complex mosaic of phytophysiognomies. The aim of this investigation was to compare the performance of two risk mapping models for forest fire in the SGNP and its surroundings, based on two different approaches, being one by multicriteria analysis, AHP method and the other a simple probability method, called Hot Spot History, which provided information on the areas of highest and lowest risk and their environmental and human characteristics. Spatial data from remote sensing and GIS were used to simulate, in sequence, the fire ignition, the fire spread and, finally, the risk of wildfire. The validation of the risk models was performed by the Kappa coefficient (K). The results showed that the model based on the History of Hot Points obtained greater accuracy (0.61) than the model generated by the AHP method (0.54). The Brazilian Savanna, Rupestrian Fields and Field coverings were the most susceptible to wildfire, as they are formed by herbaceous vegetations and are located very close to urban agglomerations and roads. The slopes oriented to the North and West were important for the prediction of wildfires slope and, on the other hand, the slope of the terrain was not important to discretize the areas of greater and lesser fragility to the referred ecological disturbance.

RESUMO: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. é uma espécie aromática popularmente conhecida como patchouli. O óleo essencial rico em patchoulol extraído de folhas é utilizado pelas indústrias farmacêuticas. O objetivo foi investigar os efeitos das malhas e intensidades de sombreamento no crescimento, anatomia, composição química e teor de óleo essencial de P. cablin. O experimento foi conduzido com dois tipos de malhas (preta e Aluminet), três intensidades de luz (30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento) e pleno sol. As diferentes intensidades de luz influenciaram o crescimento, o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial. Plantas de patchouli cultivadas em ambiente sombreado apresentaram maiores valores para os pesos secos de folha, caule, raiz e total em relação ao pleno sol. Com 50% de sombreamento, Aluminet proporcionou ganho de peso seco de caule e total. Aluminet e malha preta a 50 e 70% de sombreamento aumentam o rendimento do óleo essencial. Os teores de patchoulol e pogostol foram maiores a pleno sol, malha preta e Aluminet com 50% de sombreamento. O ambiente para o cultivo do patchouli pode ser melhorado com o uso de malhas de sombreamento, especialmente com Aluminet em 50% de sombreamento.

ABSTRACT: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. is an aromatic species popularly known as patchouli. The essential oil rich in patchoulol extracted from leaves is used by the pharmaceutical industries. The objective was to investigate the effects of shade nets and shading intensities on P. cablin growth, anatomy, chemical composition and essential oil content. The experiment was conducted with two types of shade nets (black and Aluminet), three light intensities (30, 50, and 70% shading) and full sun. The different light intensities influenced the growth and the essential oil yield, and chemical composition. Patchouli plants grown in an environment with shading showed higher values for the leaf, stem, root ant total dry weights compared to full sun. At 50% of shading, Aluminet provided gain in stem and total dry weights. Aluminet and black net at 50 and 70% of shading enhance essential oil yield. Patchoulol and pogostol contents were higher under full sun, and, black net and Aluminet at 50% shading. The environment for patchouli cultivation can be improved by use shade nets, especially with Aluminet at 50% of shading.

RESUMO Objetivos: criar um aplicativo de software para ensino de enfermagem na avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil. Métodos: pesquisa metodológica aplicada, desenvolvida em três etapas: análise, desenho e desenvolvimento. As características de qualidade do produto das normas ISO/IEC 25010 foram adotadas. A linguagem de programação usada foi JavaScript. O software educacional foi desenvolvido com base em uma teoria cognitiva construtivista. Resultados: foi possível criar o software a partir das seguintes métricas de qualidade: adequação funcional, confiabilidade, usabilidade, eficiência de desempenho, compatibilidade, segurança, manutenibilidade e portabilidade. A tecnologia aborda o desenvolvimento infantil nos domínios físico, cognitivo e psicossocial e como essa avaliação deve ser realizada no Brasil. O software possui pré e pós-testes, 5 módulos de aprendizagem, emissão de certificados, suporte para dúvidas e painel administrativo. Considerações Finais: o software agrega às ferramentas existentes para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil, facilitando a aquisição de conhecimentos dos alunos na promoção da saúde infantil.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to create a software application for nursing education on child development assessment. Methods: this is a methodological applied research developed in three stages: analysis, design, and development. Product quality characteristics from the ISO/IEC 25010 standards were adopted. The programming language used was JavaScript. The educational software was developed based on a constructivist cognitive theory. Results: it was possible to create the software from the following quality metrics: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility, security, maintainability, and portability. The technology addresses child development in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains and how this assessment should be carried out in Brazil. The software has pre and posttests, 5 learning modules, certificate issuance, support for doubts, and an administrative panel. Final Considerations: it is concluded that the software adds to the existing tools for child development monitoring, facilitating students’ knowledge acquisition in promoting child health.

RESUMEN Objetivos: crear una aplicación informática para la enseñanza de la enfermería en la evaluación del desarrollo infantil. Métodos: investigación metodológica aplicada, desarrollada en tres etapas: análisis, diseño y desarrollo. Se han adoptado las características de calidad del producto de las normas ISO/IEC 25010. El lenguaje de programación utilizado fue JavaScript. El software educativo se desarrolló en base a una teoría cognitiva constructivista. Resultados: fue posible crear el software a partir de las siguientes métricas de calidad: idoneidad funcional, confiabilidad, usabilidad, eficiencia de desempeño, compatibilidad, seguridad, mantenibilidad y portabilidad. La tecnología aborda el desarrollo infantil en los dominios físico, cognitivo y psicosocial y cómo esta evaluación debe llevarse a cabo en Brasil. El software cuenta con pruebas previas y posteriores, 5 módulos de aprendizaje, emisión de certificados, soporte para dudas y panel administrativo. Consideraciones Finales: el software se suma a las herramientas existentes para monitorear el desarrollo infantil, facilitando la adquisición de conocimientos por parte de los estudiantes en la promoción de la salud infantil.

Abstract The use of Echinacea purpurea (EP), a plant native from North America, is widely diffused throughout the world, presenting many pharmacological applications, mainly for the treatment of infections of respiratory and urinary tracts. Due to the widespread commercialization of EP-based products, an effective evaluation of their pharmacological properties is essential to assure efficacy during clinical use. In this study, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dried extracts of EP by the microdilution method. In addition, a phagocytosis model was employed to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the extracts. The increase in reactive oxygen species production, as well as the intracellular proliferation rate of Cryptococcus gatti after phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of EP dried extracts were also evaluated. The analyzed samples showed no significant antibacterial activity; however, a slight antifungal activity was verified. Positive effects of EP extracts on the modulation of cellular immune response were observed in different experiments, indicating that this mechanism may contribute to the control and treatment of infections.

Resumo: O estudo valorou os serviços ecossistêmicos prestados pela bacia do rio Santo Antônio, localizada em Guia Lopes da Laguna (MS), utilizando dados da dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo entre os anos de 2009 e 2019. Os resultados demonstraram que o valor dos serviços ecossistêmicos prestados pelas classes de uso de solo estudadas representou um fluxo anual de, aproximadamente, US$ 93,8 milhões em serviços ecossistêmicos no ano de 2019. Entretanto, comparando-se os anos de 2009 a 2019, observou-se uma redução de 26,44% no fluxo anual dos serviços ecossistêmicos, devido, principalmente, à redução das áreas de vegetação nativa na bacia.

Abstract: The study valued the ecosystem services provided by the rio Santo Antônio basin, located in Guia Lopes da Laguna (MS), using data from the dynamics of land use and occupation between the years 2009 to 2019. The results showed that the value of ecosystem services provided by the classes of land use studied represented an annual flow of approximately US$ 93.8 million in ecosystem services in 2019. However, comparing the years from 2009 to 2019, a reduction of 26.44% was observed in the annual flow of ecosystem services, mainly due to native vegetation areas reduction in the basin.

Resumen: El estudio valoró los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por la cuenca del Río Santo Antônio, ubicada en Guia Lopes da Laguna (MS), utilizando datos de la dinámica del uso y la ocupación de la tierra entre los años 2009 y 2019. Los resultados mostraron que el valor de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las clases de uso de la tierra estudiadas representó un flujo anual de, aproximadamente, US$ 93,8 millones en servicios ecosistémicos en 2019. Sin embargo, al comparar los años 2009 a 2019, se observó una reducción del 26,44% en el flujo anual de servicios ecosistémicos, principalmente, debido a la reducción de áreas de vegetación nativa en la cuenca.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de retardantes de fogo de curta duração e de um polímero hidrorretentor sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial de Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba, em condições de ambiente protegido. Foram realizadas aplicações via substrato na semeadura e com intervalos quinzenais, dos seguintes retardantes de fogo e concentrações: Phos-Chek WD881® (0; 3,00; 6,00; 8,00; 10,00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0; 7,00; 9,00; 12,00; 15,00 mL L-1), e polímero hidrorretentor Nutrigel® (0, 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00 g L-1), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições por tratamento. Nas concentrações iguais a 0, utilizou-se apenas água. A emergência das plântulas foi avaliada por meio do índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem e tempo médio de emergência. Realizaram-se análises de crescimento destrutivas aos 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto as análises de fluorescência da clorofila a foram realizadas em três plantas por tratamento, a partir de 60 DAS. As concentrações testadas de Phos-Chek WD881, Hold Fire e Nutrigel não influenciaram na emergência das plântulas das espécies Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba. Aplicações de Phos-Chek WD881 até 5,00mL L-1 propiciam efeitos positivos sobre o crescimento das duas espécies. Concentrações de Hold Fire até 8,00 mL L-1 favorecem o crescimento inicial de Tabebuia roseoalba. O crescimento em diâmetro de Handroanthus ochraceus apresenta resposta positiva a partir de 9,60 mL L-1 quando submetido ao retardante Hold Fire. O intervalo de 0,50 g L-1 a 0,88 g L-1do polímero hidrorretentor Nutrigel promove o crescimento em diâmetro das duas espécies. A fluorescência da clorofila a indica que ocorreu pleno funcionamento da etapa fotoquímica no processo fotossintético de Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba na presença dos retardantes de fogo e do polímero hidroretentor.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term fire retardants and a water-retaining polymer on the emergence and initial growth of Handroanthus ochraceus and Tabebuia roseoalba, in protected environment conditions. Applications were made via substrate at sowing and at fortnightly intervals, of the following fire retardants and concentrations: Phos-Chek WD881® (0; 3.00; 6.00; 8.00; 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire ® (0.7.00; 9.00; 12.00; 15.00 mL L-1), and the water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® (0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 g L-1), in a completely randomized design, with 10 replicates per treatment. At concentrations equal to 0, only water was used. Seedling emergence was assessed using the emergence speed index, percentage and average emergence time. Destructive growth analyzes were performed at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS), while chlorophyll fluorescence analyzes were performed on 3 plants per treatment, starting at 60 DAS. The tested concentrations of Phos-Chek WD881, Hold Fire and Nutrigel did not influence the emergence of seedlings of the species Handroanthus ochraceus and Tabebuia roseoalba. Applications of Phos-Chek WD881 up to 5.00 mL -1 provide positive effects on the growth of both species. Hold Fire concentrations up to 8.00 mL L-1 favor the initial growth of Tabebuia roseoalba. The growth in diameter of Handroanthus ochraceus shows a positive response from 9.60 mL L-1 when subjected to the Hold Fire retardant. The range of 0.50 g L-1 to 0.88 g L-1 of the water-retaining polymer Nutrigel promotes growth in diameter of the two species. The fluorescence of chlorophyll a indicates that the photochemical step has fully functioned in the photosynthetic process of Handroanthus ochraceus and Tabebuia roseoalba in the presence of fire retardants and the water-retaining polymer.

Resumo: A exploração dos recursos naturais e seus impactos sobre os ecossistemas demandam preocupação e uma ação eficiente. A pauta ambiental está presente no poder público. O Ministério Público atua na defesa ambiental de modo a garantir o direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado às atuais e futuras gerações. O presente estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos pelo Centro Integrado de Proteção e Pesquisa Ambiental da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (CEIPPAM/UCDB) por meio de pareceres técnicos produzidos em atendimento às demandas do Ministério Público do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, na área ambiental, considerando a Rota de Integração Latino-Americana, nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado, como área de estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que Aquidauana, Bodoquena e Bonito foram os municípios com os maiores índices de irregularidades ambientais, onde as classes de uso do solo denominadas Vegetação Remanescente e Área de Preservação Ambiental foram as mais afetadas pelos danos ambientais identificados.

Abstract: The exploitation of natural resources and their impacts on ecosystems requires concern and efficient action. The environmental agenda is present in the government. The Public Prosecution Office acts in environmental defense in order to guarantee the right to an ecologically balanced environment for current and future generations. This study presents the results obtained by the Integrated Center for Environmental Protection and Research at the Dom Bosco Catholic University (CEIPPAM/UCDB) through technical opinions produced in response to the demands of the Public Prosecution Office of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the environmental area, considering the Latin American Integration Route, in the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes, as a study area. The results showed that Aquidauana, Bodoquena, and Bonito were the municipalities with the highest rates of environmental irregularities, where the classes of land use called Remaining Vegetation and Environmental Preservation Area were the most affected by the environmental damage identified.

Resumen: La explotación de los recursos naturales y sus impactos en los ecosistemas requieren preocupación y acción eficiente. La agenda ambiental está presente en el gobierno. El Ministerio Público actúa en defensa del medio ambiente para garantizar el derecho a un medio ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado para las generaciones actuales y futuras. Este estudio presenta los resultados obtenidos por el Centro Integrado para la Protección e Investigación Ambiental de la Universidad Católica Dom Bosco (CEIPPAM/UCDB) a través de opiniones técnicas producidas en respuesta a las demandas del Ministerio Público del Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, en el área ambiental, considerando la ruta de integración latinoamericana, en los biomas del Pantanal y Cerrado, como área de estudio. Los resultados mostraron que Aquidauana, Bodoquena y Bonito fueron los municipios con las tasas más altas de irregularidades ambientales, donde las clases de uso de la tierra llamadas Vegetación Restante y Área de Preservación Ambiental fueron las más afectadas por el daño ambiental identificado.

ABSTRACT Concrete is the most used construction material and thus, being the cement a significant part of this material, it is also widely used around the world. Cement production is responsible for more than 5% of global CO2 emissions, which has been continuously increasing. A solution to reduce the cement content in concretes without loss of performance is thorough the particle packing optimization. This work uses practical numerical simulations through linear programming and the modified Andreasen & Andersen model to reduce the void content of aggregate mixtures and produce concretes with superior and intermediate packing levels. A broad range of distribution modulus “q” values were tested. Deviations between the particle size distribution (PSD) curves were calculated in each step of the process. In this study, mixtures with the smallest deviations – experimental PSD curves closer to the mathematical packing model – did not present the lowest void contents. The distribution modulus “q” directly affects the fine aggregate content in the mixtures: lower q values favors higher fine aggregate contents. For concrete granular skeletons composed by sand and gravel, there is a q value below which sand is the top deviation contributor and above which gravel is the top deviation contributor. Moreover, there is a limit to the distribution modulus after which the void content of aggregate skeletons tends to increase. In this study, that was 0.30. Concretes with superior packing (S concrete) and with the lowest distribution factor (q = 0.25) showed better performance in relation to the other studied concretes, with a higher compressive strength at 91 days and with a binder intensity around 6 at 28 days and below 5 at 91 days.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is responsible for generating DNA lesions and the 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is the most commonly lesion found in DNA damage. When this base is incorporated during DNA replication, it could generate double-strand DNA breaks and cellular death. MutT enzyme hydrolyzes the 8-oxoG from the nucleotide pool, preventing its incorporation during DNA replication. OBJECTIVES To investigate the importance of 8-oxoG in Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis, in this study we analysed the impact of heterologous expression of Escherichia coli MutT (EcMutT) enzyme in drug-resistance phenotype and defense against oxidative stress. METHODS Comparative analysis of L. braziliensis and L. infantum H2O2 tolerance and cell cycle profile were performed. Lines of L. braziliensis and L. infantum expressing EcMutT were generated and evaluated using susceptibility tests to H2O2 and SbIII, cell cycle analysis, γH2A western blotting, and BrdU native detection assay. FINDINGS Comparative analysis of tolerance to oxidative stress generated by H2O2 showed that L. infantum is more tolerant to exogenous H2O2 than L. braziliensis. In addition, cell cycle analysis showed that L. infantum, after treatment with H2O2, remains in G1 phase, returning to its normal growth rate after 72 h. In contrast, after treatment with H2O2, L. braziliensis parasites continue to move to the next stages of the cell cycle. Expression of the E. coli MutT gene in L. braziliensis and L. infantum does not interfere in parasite growth or in susceptibility to SbIII. Interestingly, we observed that L. braziliensis EcMutT-expressing clones were more tolerant to H2O2 treatment, presented lower activation of γH2A, a biomarker of genotoxic stress, and lower replication stress than its parental non-transfected parasites. In contrast, the EcMutT is not involved in protection against oxidative stress generated by H2O2 in L. infantum. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 8-oxoG clearance in L. braziliensis is important to avoid misincorporation during DNA replication after oxidative stress generated by H2O2.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein, based on the ideal protein concept and two rearing systems, on productive performance of brown laying hens. A total of 400 Hisex Brown laying hens between 30 and 45 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design and a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with main effects including two rearing systems (cage and floor) and levels of crude protein (140, 150, 160, and 180 g kg−1), totalizing eight treatments. Five replicates with 10 birds each were used per experimental unit. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and quality traits such as dirty, cracked, or broken eggs. No interaction effect was observed between dietary protein levels and rearing systems for body weight gain, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio. Feed intake and egg production were higher in the floor rearing system. Feed conversion ratio (kg/dz) was improved in birds reared in the cage system. The rate of cracked and broken eggs was higher in the cage system. The layers reared in the floor system produced a higher percentage of dirty eggs. The dietary protein level did not affect the evaluated parameters. Thus, we conclude that a floor rearing system is an option for layers, and the dietary protein level can be reduced up to 140 g kg−1 for Hisex Brown hens from 30 to 45 weeks of age.

RESUMO Adubos fosfatados de origem orgânica podem apresentar-se como alternativas viáveis para a substituição de adubos minerais na nutrição de culturas como a cana-de-açúcar forrageira. Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da adubação fosfatada com farinha de ossos e superfosfato simples sobre a concentração de fósforo (P) no tecido vegetal, sólidos solúveis totais e aspectos produtivos da cana-de-açúcar forrageira. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos pela combinação de duas fontes de fósforo (superfosfato simples e farinha de ossos) e cinco doses de P2O5 (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1). A adubação com farinha de ossos incrementou a altura e o número de nós da cana-de-açúcar em 13 % e 15 %, respectivamente, quando comparada à adubação mineral com superfosfato simples. Os atributos da cana-de-açúcar, em resposta às doses de P2O5, foram descritos por funções quadráticas. A dose de 95,80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na fonte farinha de ossos proporcionou a maior concentração de P no tecido vegetal (3,60 g kg-1). Comparando-se as fontes de P propostas nas doses de 100 kg ha-1 e 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5, observou-se que o teor de sólidos solúveis totais foi 8,62 % e 13,84 % maior, respectivamente, em plantas adubadas com farinha de osso.

ABSTRACT Phosphate fertilizers of organic origin may represent a viable alternative for the replacement of mineral fertilizers in the nutrition of crops such as forage sugarcane. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilization with bone meal and single superphosphate on the concentration of phosphorus (P) in the plant tissue, total soluble solids and yield aspects of forage sugarcane. A complete randomized block design was used, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of combining two phosphorus sources (single superphosphate and bone meal) and five P2O5 doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1). Sugarcane plants fertilized with the addition of bone meal showed an increase in height and number of nodes (13 % and 15 %, respectively), when compared to the mineral fertilization with single superphosphate. The sugarcane attributes, in response to the P2O5 doses, were described by quadratic functions. The dose of 95.80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the bone meal led to the highest concentration of P in the plant tissue (3.60 g kg-1). The comparison between the sources of P at the doses of 100 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 showed that the total soluble solids content was 8.62 % and 13.84 % higher, respectively, in plants fertilized with bone meal.

As quedas em idosos resultam em uma enorme carga epidemiológica, clínica e econômica nesta faixa etária no mundo inteiro, com alto risco de incapacitação grave. O estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de quedas e fatores associados entre idosos brasileiros, através de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e PsycINFO, sem restrição de idioma ou ano de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos sobre idosos de ambos os sexos com 60 anos ou mais, residindo na comunidade, com amostras de ≥ 300 participantes em cada estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos realizados especificamente em idosos diagnosticados com doenças crônicas incapacitantes que predispõem a quedas. O risco de viés dos estudos incluídos foi avaliado com uma ferramenta de avaliação crítica focada em desenhos de prevalência. Foi utilizada uma meta-análise de efeitos aleatórios para combinar as prevalências de quedas entre estudos. A análise exploratória foi realizada pela investigação das estimativas de subgrupos, razões de prevalência e meta-regressão. Foram incluídos 37 estudos, com um total de 58.597 participantes. A prevalência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses foi de 27% (IC95%: 24,3-30,0), com estimativas significativamente mais altas em mulheres (RP = 1,57; IC95%: 1,32-1,86), na faixa etária ≥ 80 anos comparado com 60-69 anos (RP = 1,46; IC95%: 1,15-1,84) e em idosos da Região Centro-oeste, comparado com os da Região Sul (RP = 1,36; IC95%: 1,10-1,69). O tamanho do risco de viés não impactou a heterogeneidade na meta-análise de 12 meses. Essas estimativas apoiam fortemente as intervenções públicas baseadas em evidências para prevenir quedas em idosos, especialmente nas mulheres e nos idosos mais velhos.

Falls determine huge epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden in the older population worldwide, presenting high odds of severe disability. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of falls and associated factors in older Brazilians using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Searches were performed in SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases with no date or language restrictions. Studies on community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years from both sexes and with a sample size of ≥ 300 participants included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted specifically for older adults diagnosed with chronic disabling diseases that predispose them to falls. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool focusing on prevalence designs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence of falls across studies. Exploratory analysis was conducted examining subgroup estimates, prevalence ratios and meta-regression. Thirty-seven studies involving 58,597 participants were included. Twelve-month prevalence of falls was 27% (95%CI: 24.3-30.0), with significantly higher estimates in female than male (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.32-1.86), in age group ≥ 80 years than age group 60-69 years (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84), and in participants from the Central region than participants from the South region (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.69) of Brazil. Risk of bias scores did not impact heterogeneity in the 12-month meta-analysis. These estimates strongly support evidence-based public interventions to prevent falls in older Brazilians, especially in women and the oldest-old population.

En todo el mundo, las caídas representan una carga grande epidemiológica, clínica, y económicamente en la población mayor, presentando altas tasas de discapacidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de las caídas y los factores asociados en ancianos brasileños, usando una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Las búsquedas se realizaron en bases de datos como: SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus y PsycINFO sin restricciones de fecha o lengua. Se incluyeron estudios sobre ancianos residentes en comunidades con una edad ≥ 60 años de ambos sexos y con un tamaño de la muestra de ≥ 300 participantes. Los criterios de exclusión fueron estudios dirigidos específicamente a adultos mayores, diagnosticados con enfermedades crónicas incapacitantes que les predisponen a caídas. El riesgo de sesgo en los estudios incluidos fue evaluado usando una herramienta de evaluación crítica, centrándose en los diseños de prevalencia. Se utilizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios para agrupar la prevalencia de caídas a través de estos estudios. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio, examinando estimaciones de subgrupos, tasas de prevalencia y meta-regresión. Se incluyeron treinta y siete estudios, implicando a 58.597 participantes. En doce meses la prevalencia de caídas fue 27% (IC95%: 24,3-30,0), con estimaciones significativamente más altas en mujeres que en hombres (PR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,32-1,86), en el grupo de edad ≥ 80 años, en comparación con el grupo de edad de 60-69 años (PR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,15-1,84), y en participantes procedentes de la región centro-oeste, respecto a los participantes de la región sur (PR = 1,36; IC95%: 1,10-1,69) de Brasil. El riesgo de sesgo en los resultados no impactó la heterogeneidad en el metaanálisis de 12 meses. Estas estimaciones apoyan fuertemente las intervenciones públicas basadas en evidencias para prevenir caídas en ancianos brasileños, especialmente en mujeres y en la población más anciana.