Foram examinadas a composição e abundância das espécies de mamíferos atropeladas em dois trechos da rodovia BR 262, a relação dos atropelamentos com a distância de centros urbanos, a escala espacial dos atropelamentos, a distribuição dos atropelamentos segundo a sazonalidade e a relação dos atropelamentos com o número de veículos. Os animais atropelados foram registrados durante 2 anos e 4 meses entre Campo Grande e Miranda, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, sudoeste do Brasil. Ao todo foram registrados 231 espécimes de mamíferos distribuídos em 20 espécies, sendo Carnivora, Cingulata e Pilosa as principais ordens. Os atropelamentos foram mais intensos conforme o distanciamento dos grandes centros urbanos. Na análise de distribuição espacial e sazonal dos atropelamentos, Cerdocyon thous e Tamandua tetradactyla apresentaram picos definidos de atropelamentos em certos trechos da estrada, marcados sazonalmente. Não houve diferença na riqueza de espécies entre os trechos estudados nem entre as estações climáticas. Porém, o número total de atropelamentos se mostrou mais acentuado no trecho da rodovia que estava mais próximo ao Pantanal, com destaque para as ordens Carnivora e Pilosa. Em geral, houve mais atropelamentos durante o período chuvoso, com destaque para a ordem Cingulata. Recomendações de manejo são feitas com o objetivo de diminuir o efeito prejudicial da estrada, tais como uso de placas sinalizadoras de locais e épocas críticas de atropelamentos, uso de cercas de contenção de fauna em trechos críticos e facilitação para a movimentação da fauna através da rodovia, de modo seguro.

The composition and abundance of mammal road kills were examined on two stretches of the BR-262 Federal Road, besides relationship between city distance and road kill, road-kill spatial distribution, seasonality effects, and relationship with vehicles daily volume. The killed animals were registered over 2 years and 4 months, between Campo Grande and Miranda, in southwestern Brazil. A total of 231 mammal specimens was found, which were distributed in 20 species, being Carnivora, Cingulata and Pilosa the main orders. The road-kill frequency was more intense far from big urban centers. Analyzing the spatial distribution of road kills, Cerdocyon thous and Tamandua tetradactyla showed defined peaks of road kill, in specific sites of the road, being also seasonally marked. There were no differences in the species richness between road stretches or between seasons. However, the number of road kills was higher in the stretch near the Pantanal biome, with emphasis to Carnivora and Pilosa. Overall, there were more road kills during the rainy season, with Cingulata as the main order. Management recommendations are done in order to diminish the road impact, such as the use of road sign in critical locations for road kills, use of fences for faunal contention in critical stretches, and facilitation of faunal movements for crossing safely the road.

This paper examines the frequencies of mammal roadkill in two adjacent biogeographic ecoregions (Atlantic Forest and Cerrado) of Brazil. Mammals were recorded during a seven-year period and over 3,900 km of roads, in order to obtain data for frequencies of species in habitats (sites) and frequencies of species killed by cars on roads. Sites (n = 80) within ecoregions (Cerrado, n = 57; Atlantic Forest, n = 23) were searched for records of mammals. Species surveyed in the entire region totaled 33, belonging to nine orders and 16 families. In the Cerrado, 31 species were recorded in habitats; of these, 25 were found dead on roads. In the Atlantic Forest ecoregions, however, we found 21 species in habitats, 16 of which were also found dead on roads. There was no overall significant difference between ecoregions for frequencies of occurrence in habitats or for roadkills, but there were differences between individual species. Hence, anteaters were mostly recorded in the Cerrado ecoregion, whereas caviomorph rodents tended to be more frequent in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion (seen mainly by roadkills). The greater number of species (overall and threatened) and the greater abundance of species records in the Cerrado suggest that this ecoregion has a greater biodiversity and is better conserved than the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, south-western Brazil.

Realizaram-se amostragens de pequenos mamíferos em duas bacias hidrográficas do Brasil central pertencentes aos rios Araguaia e Paraná com intuito de descrever a composição de espécies de pequenos mamíferos de hábito florestal e comparar suas distribuições geográficas. Quatorze pontos de coleta foram amostrados, subdivididos em oito na bacia do Rio Paraná e seis na bacia do Rio Araguaia. Foram registradas 20 espécies de pequenos mamíferos na região (oito de marsupiais e 12 de roedores), sendo 16 delas por meio de armadilhas metálicas (5.253 armadilhas-noite) e oito delas por meio de armadilhas de queda (224 baldes-noite), totalizando 161 capturas de 139 indivíduos. A bacia do Rio Paraná apresentou 16 espécies (armadilhas-noite: 3.115; baldes-noite: 104) e a bacia do Araguaia apresentou 11 espécies (armadilhas-noite: 2.138; baldes-noite: 120), sendo que as riquezas foram similares quando aplicado o método da rarefação. Das 20 espécies registradas, sete (35%) ocorreram em ambas as bacias. Apesar da elevada riqueza de espécies amostrada, destacou-se a elevada abundância do marsupial Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840. As espécies de marsupiais amostradas foram D. albiventris, Caluromys philander (Linnaeus, 1758), Cryptonanus cf. agricolai Voss, Lunde & Jansa, 2005, Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854), G. microtarsus (Wagner, 1842), Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804), Marmosa murina (Linnaeus, 1758), e Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758). As espécies de roedores amostradas foram Akodon gr. cursor, Calomys tener (Winge, 1887), Nectomys rattus (Pelzen, 1883), N. squamipes (Brants, 1827), Oecomys bicolor (Tomes, 1860), Oryzomys maracajuensis Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002, Oryzomys cf. marinhus, O. megacephalus (Fischer, 1814), Oligoryzomys fornesi (Massoia, 1973), Oligoryzomys sp., Proechimys longicaudatus (Rengger, 1830) e P. roberti (Thomas, 1901). A ampliação da distribuição de algumas espécies é discutida, assim como aspectos biogeográficos. A Serra dos Caiapós pode ter sido uma barreira geográfica para algumas espécies de pequenos mamíferos em face da retração e expansão das florestas ocorridas no passado.

We collected small mammals in two hydrographic basins in central Brazil, namely the Paraná and Araguaia basins, with the aim of examining the composition of forest dwelling small mammal species and to compare their geographic distributions. Fourteen sites were sampled, eight in the Paraná basin and six in the Araguaia basin. A total of 20 species of small mammals was registered (8 marsupials and 12 rodents), 16 of them in live traps (5,253 trap-nights) and eight in pitfalls (224 trap-nights), adding to a total of 161 captures of 139 individuals. The Paraná basin showed 16 species (trap-nights: 3,115 and 104 respectively) and the Araguaia basin 11 species (trap-nights: 2,138 and 120 respectively), being both richness similar when the rarefaction method was applied. Seven (35%) out of the 20 species recorded occurred in both basins. The marsupial Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840 was the most abundant species. The marsupials species recorded were D. albiventris, Caluromys philander (Linnaeus, 1758), Cryptonanus cf. agricolai Voss, Lunde & Jansa, 2005, Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854), G. microtarsus (Wagner, 1842), Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804), Marmosa murina (Linnaeus, 1758), and Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758). The rodent species recorded were Akodon gr. cursor, Calomys tener (Winge, 1887), Nectomys rattus (Pelzen, 1883), N. squamipes (Brants, 1827), Oecomys bicolor (Tomes, 1860), Oryzomys maracajuensis Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002, Oryzomys cf. marinhus, O. megacephalus (Fischer, 1814), Oligoryzomys fornesi (Massoia, 1973), Oligoryzomys sp., Proechimys longicaudatus (Rengger, 1830) and P. roberti (Thomas, 1901). The range extension of some species is discussed, in addition to biogeographic considerations. The Caiapós Mountains may have been a geographic barrier for some small mammal species in the face of the retraction and expansion of forests in the past.