Knowing the anatomy of the nasal framework and its components, as well as their relations of size and shape is essential to correctly and safely perform nasal surgery, such as rhinoplasty. Symmetry and proportion of nasal bones and frontal processes of the maxilla related to patient's skull shape is not yet well established. Variation of these proportions due to differences in skull shape may interfere in the results of rhinoplasty, leading to poor aesthetic results and postoperative complications. This paper's objective is to measure and evaluate differences in shape and size of bony components of nasal framework (nasal bones and frontal process of maxilla) among different classes of skull shape. 121 skulls from UNIFESP-EPM Anatomy Museum, filed with registration number, age, gender, ethnic group and death cause were used. After classification of all skulls according to gender, ethnic group and skull class (brachycranic, mesocranic or dolicocranial), eleven standard points were marked at nasal region, and measures between these points were taken. A total of 2416 measures were taken and analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. No significant differences were found when sides were compared for all studied skulls. For male skulls, when different skull classes were compared, there was significant difference in the distance between nasomaxillary suture and anterior lacrimal crest. For female skulls, when different skull classes were compared, there was significant difference in the length of nasomaxillary suture (lateral height of the nose) and width of nasal bones (width of nasal dorsum). When measures were compared between male and female skulls, there was significant difference, being male measures of nasal bones and frontal process of maxilla larger than female

Conociendo correctamente la anatomía del marco nasal y sus componentes, como también sus relaciones de tamaño y forma, se pueden realizar cirugías nasales, como la rinoplastía. No está aún bien establecida la simetría y proporción de los huesos nasales y procesos frontales de la maxila con la forma de los cráneos de pacientes. Variaciones de estas proporciones, debido a diferencias en la forma de los cráneos, puede interferir en los resultados de la rinoplastía, obteniéndose escasos resultados estéticos y complicaciones postoperatorias. El objetivo de este artículo fue medir y evaluar diferencias en la forma y tamaño de los componentes óseos del marco nasal (huesos nasales y proceso frontal de la maxila) entre diferentes formas de cráneos. Fueron estudiados 121 cráneos de la colección del Museo de Anatomía de la Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM, Brasil. De ellos se registró el número de clasificación, la edad, género, grupo étnico y causa de muerte. Después de la clasificación de los cráneos en braquicráneo, mesocráneo y dolicocráneo, fueron marcados 11 puntos en la región nasal, siendo tomadas las medidas de estos puntos. Un total de 2416 medidas fueron recolectadas y analizadas usando los tests estadísticos de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. No fueron encontradas diferencias significativas cuando se compararon ambos lados en los cráneos. En cambio, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se compararon cráneos de hombres de diferentes clasificaciones antropométricas, en la distancia entre la sutura nasomaxilar y la cresta lacrimal anterior. En el caso de cráneos de mujeres, cuando fueron comparados por clasificación, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la longitud y la sutura nasomaxilar (altura de la nariz) y ancho de los huesos nasales (ancho del dorso nasal). Cuando las medidas fueron comparadas entre cráneos de hombres y mujeres, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo en los hombres los huesos nasales y los procesos frontales de la maxila, más grandes que en las mujeres

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica de redução da largura da base nasal do nariz negróide, modificando a inclinação dos eixos das narinas pela mobilização de tecidos internos, por abordagem intra-oral, evitando cicatrizes externas. MÉTODOS: Foram operadas 11 pacientes adulta do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 19 a 45 anos, distribuindo-se em 2 da raça caucasóide e 9 da raça negróide, sendo desta 5 de cor parda e 4 de cor negra. O método de fotografia foi padronizado, e as imagens em papel foram digitalizadas. Por meio de software foram mensurados nas fotografias pré-operatórias e com 3 meses após a rinoplastia, 8 índices relativos à base nasal baseados em pontos antropométricos. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em 7 índices relativos a redução da largura da base nasal e à inclinação dos eixos das narinas. Apenas houve alteração significante no aumento do Ângulo Nasolabial (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de rinoplastia de nariz negróide por via intra-oral sem ressecções externas, apenas com mobilização dos tecidos internos, não é eficaz para a reduzir a largura da base nasal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness of the technique of reduction of the width of the nasal base of negroid nose, modifying the inclination of the axes of the nostrils for the mobilization of internal tissues, through intra-oral approach, avoiding external scars. METHODS: Eleven adult female patients were operated with age varying between 19 to 45 years old, being distributed in 2 of the Caucasoid race and 9 of negroid race, being of this 5 brown color and 4 of black color. The picture method was standardized, and images in paper were digitized. Through software they were measured in the pre-operative pictures and with 3 months after the rhinoplasty. 8 relative indexes to the nasal base based on anthropometrics points. The obtained values were submitted to statistically descriptive analysis. RESULTS: No significant statistically differences were found in seven of these features, relative reduction of the width of the nasal base and the variation in the axis of the nostrils inclinations. Just one significant alteration found, an increased in the nasal labial angle (p=0,001). CONCLUSION: The technique of rhinoplasty of negroid nose through intra-oral approach without external resection, just with mobilization of the internal tissues is not effective to reduce the nasal base.

Objetivo: Desenvolver uma padronização fotográfica e uma técnica de análise morfométrica da parte externa do nariz para comparar de forma objetiva imagens fotográficas pré e pós-operatórias. Métodos: Foram fotografadas 11 pacientes do sexo feminino portadoras de nariz negróide com idade variando entre 19 a 45 anos, sendo 2 de cor branca, 5 de cor parda e 4 de cor negra. A técnica fotográfica foi padronizada nas posições anterior, de perfil direito e basilar. Fotografias em papel foram digitalizadas e por meio de um software gráfico comum foram realizadas as fotogrametrias. Foram padronizadas 9 medidas nasais, sendo 1 em posição anterior, 3 em perfil direito e 5 em posição basilar. Resultados: O posicionamento fotográfico do paciente entre o pré e pós-operatório foi comparável. A identificação dos pontos antropométricos e linhas escolhidas foram nítidas, a obtenção de medidas foi de fácil execução, e os valores mensurados puderam ter aproximação de ordem milesimal, tornando possível a comparação dos valores. Conclusão: Os procedimentos de padronização fotográfica e análise morfométrica propostos mostraram-se exeqüíveis, práticos e precisos para avaliar de forma objetiva resultados de rinoplastia.

Objective: To develop a photographic standardization and technique of morphometric analyses of the external part of the nose to compare photographic images into an objective form of pre and post-operative. Methods: Eleven females patients were pictures bearers of negroid nose with age varying among 19 to 45 years old being 2 of white color, 5 of brown color and 4 of black color. The photographic technique was standardized in the anterior position, right profile and basal position. Pictures in paper were digitized and through common graphic software mensurations were accomplished by photogrammetry. It was used nine nasals measured, one were used in anterior position, three in right profile and five in basal position. Results: The patient's photographic positioning among the pre and post-operative were comparable. The identification of the anthropometrics points and chosen lines were clear, the obtaining of measures was of easy execution, and measures values could have approach of millesimal order, turning possible the comparison of the values. Conclusion: The procedures of photographic standardization and morphometric analyzed proposed were shown feasible, practical and necessary.