A doença de Behçet é uma doença multissistêmica que consiste de diferentes combinações de manifestações oculares, mucocutâneas, neurológicas, cardiovasculares, gastrintestinaise outras. Seu diagnóstico se fundamenta em critérios clínicos, em que o teste da patergiapositivo recebe um ponto. Apresenta-se uma série de casos com 26 pacientes suspeitos,tendo o teste da patergia da pele sido realizado em 23 deles. Os resultados foram avalia-dos em 48 horas, tendo sido considerados como negativos diante da ausência de pápula e positivos na presença de pápula ou pústula. Os resultados positivos foram divididos pelo tamanho da pápula e efetuou-se uma dermatoscopia para medir e observar seus aspectos clínicos. Após as leituras, foi realizada uma biópsia, com anotação dos aspectos histopato-lógicos. O teste foi negativo em 2 (8,7%) e positivo em 21 (91,3%) pacientes. Apresentam-se os resultados e a revisão da literatura.

Behçet's disease is a multisystemic disease consisting of a varying combination of ocular, mucocutaneous, neurologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other manifestations. Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, in which a positive pathergy test scores 1. A case series with 26 suspected patients is presented, and the skin pathergy test was performed in 23. The results were read in 48hours, and they were considered negative when without papule, and positive with a papule or pustule. Positive results were divided by papule size, and dermatoscopy was done to measure and observe its clinical aspects. After the readings, a biopsy was performed, with annotation of histopathological aspects. The test was negative in 2 (8.7%) and positive in 21 (91.3%) patients. The results and the literature review are presented.

OBJECTIVE: Burkitt's lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical course and prognostic factors of children and adolescents with Burkitt's lymphoma treated in the Hematology Unit of Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was made of 50 consecutive cases of children and adolescents aged 16 years or less with Burkitt's lymphoma admitted between January 1981 and December 2007. Prognostic factors associated with death were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the two-tailed log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 4.7 years. Most patients had abdominal tumors (66.7%) and advanced disease (68.9%) at diagnosis. Thirty-eight patients (84.4%) achieved complete clinical remission and 33 (73.3%) were alive at the first remission. Twelve children (26.7%) died. The median follow-up was 35 months with the probability of overall survival being 73% (89.2% and 35.7% for patients with uric acid < 7 mg/dL and > 7.0 mg/dL, respectively - p-value < 0.001). Uric acid was the only significant prognostic factor at diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the favorable prognosis of children with Burkitt's lymphoma even when treated with intermediate doses of methotrexate (500 mg/m2). Survival was significantly lower for individuals with concentrations of uric acid > 7 mg/dL.

OBJECTIVES: To improve the level of 'definitive' diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis by immunohistochemical investigation of the CD1a surface antigen and to compare outcomes in respect to age, gender, stage of the disease, treatment response and level of diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out of 37 children and adolescents with possible Langerhans cell histiocytosis between 1988 and 2008. The diagnoses were revisited using immunohistochemical investigations for CD1a, S-100 and CD68 in an attempt to reach definitive diagnoses for all cases. RESULTS: Before the study, only 13 of 37 patients (35.1%) had a 'definitive' diagnosis; by the end of the study, this number rose to 25 patients (67.6%). All reviewed cases were positive for the CD1a antigen. Overall survival was 88.5%. Multisystem disease (Stage 2; n=19) and absence of response at the 6th week of therapy (n=5) were associated to significantly lower overall survival (p-value = 0.04 and 0.0001, respectively). All deaths occurred in patients with multisystem disease and organ dysfunction at diagnosis. Other potential prognostic factors were not significant. Reactivation episodes occurred in 75% of the patients with multisystem disease. Diabetes insipidus was the most common sequel (21.6%). CONCLUSION: The level of diagnostic accuracy was increased through immunohistochemistry. The overall survival rate was similar to international multicentric studies. Multisystem disease and absence of response at six weeks of treatment were the most important unfavorable prognostic factors. The frequency of reactivation for patients with multisystem disease was higher than described in the literature, probably because maintenance chemotherapy was used only in two cases.

The hypothesis that Helicobactermight be a risk factor for human liver diseases has arisen after the detection of Helicobacter DNA in hepatic tissue of patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Nevertheless, no explanation that justifies the presence of the bacterium in the human liver has been proposed. We evaluated the presence of Helicobacterin the liver of patients with hepatic diseases of different aetiologies. We prospectively evaluated 147 patients (106 with primary hepatic diseases and 41 with hepatic metastatic tumours) and 20 liver donors as controls. Helicobacter species were investigated in the liver by culture and specific 16S rDNA nested-polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Serum and hepatic levels of representative cytokines of T regulatory cell, T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell lineages were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data were evaluated using logistic models. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the liver was independently associated with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus, pancreatic carcinoma and a cytokine pattern characterised by high interleukin (IL)-10, low/absent interferon-γ and decreased IL-17A concentrations (p < 10-3). The bacterial DNA was never detected in the liver of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis that are associated with Th1/Th17 polarisation. H. pylori may be observed in the liver of patients with certain hepatic and pancreatic diseases, but this might depend on the patient cytokine profile.

OBJETIVO: verificar a acuidade do exame citológico do colo uterino para o diagnóstico do HPV, comparado à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), em amostras de mulheres portadoras do HIV. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 158 pacientes, sendo realizada uma primeira coleta de material da cérvice uterina com a espátula de Ayre para a PCR. A seguir, foi realizada outra coleta com espátula de Ayre e escova para a citologia oncótica. Foram revisadas 109 lâminas, tendo em vista que 49 foram destruídas, por terem ultrapassado dois anos de arquivo. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de HPV foi de 11% no estudo citológico e 69,7% na PCR. A idade do grupo variou de 20 a 61 anos, com mediana de 35 anos. A forma de contágio pelo HIV foi a heterossexual em 91,8% dos casos e 79,1% dos pacientes tiveram um a cinco parceiros sexuais em toda a vida. A queixa mais freqüente foi massa pélvica (5,1%) e 75,3% procuraram o serviço para consulta de rotina. A comparação de variáveis categóricas foi realizada através de tabelas de contingência sendo utilizado o teste do χ2 com correção de Yates para comparação de proporções. Quando uma das freqüências esperadas foi menor que cinco, foi utilizado o teste de Fisher. Na comparação de testes diagnósticos foram calculados: a sensibilidade, a especificidade e razões de verossimilhança. Das 76 pacientes com HPV detectado pela PCR, somente 12 foram confirmadas pela citologia (sensibilidade=15,8%) que, por outro lado, não apresentou resultados falsos-positivos (especificidade=100%). Comparando-se os dois resultados, encontraram-se valor preditivo positivo de 100% e negativo de 33,3% para a citologia, na predição da presença do HPV. Entre as 12 pacientes com citologia positiva para HPV, quatro (33,3%) apresentaram neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais (OR=5,6; razão de verossimilhança positiva=infinidade positiva; razão de verossimilhança negativa=0,83). CONCLUSÕES: como a especificidade da citologia é bem alta, pode-se confiar no resultado positivo, ou seja, quando a citologia for positiva para o HPV, ele certamente estará presente. A baixa sensibilidade da citologia não a qualifica como exame de rastreamento para a detecção do HPV, nesse grupo de mulheres.

PURPOSE: to verify the accuracy of uterine cervix cytology for HPV diagnosis, as compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples of women with HIV. METHODS: 158 patients who had undergone a first collection of material from the uterine cervix with Ayre's spatula for PCR were included in the study. Then, another collection with Ayre's spatula and brush for oncotic cytology was performed. Only 109 slides were reviewed, as 49 of them had already been destructed for have being filed for over two years. RESULTS: the prevalence of HPV was 11% in the cytological exam and 69.7% in the PCR. Age varied from 20 to 61 years old, median 35 years. The HIV contagious route was heterosexual in 91.8% of the cases, and 79.1% of the patients had had from one to five sexual partners along their lives. The most frequent complaint was pelvic mass (5.1%), and 75.3% of the women had looked for the service for a routine medical appointment. The categorical variable comparison was done through contingency tables, using the χ2 test with Yates's correction to compare the ratios. The Fisher's test was used when one of the expected rates was lower than five. In the comparison of diagnostic tests, sensitivity, specificity and similarity ratios have been calculated. Among the 76 patients with HPV, detected by PCR, only 12 had the diagnosis confirmed by cytology (sensitivity=15.8%), which on the other hand did not present any false-positive results (specificity=100%). Concerning the HPV presence, the cytological prediction for positive results was 100% and 33.3% for negative, when both results were compared. Among the 12 patients with HPV positive cytology, four (33.3%) presented cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (OR=56; positive similarity ratio=positive infinity; negative similarity ratio=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: As the cytology specificity is quite high, it is possible to rely on the positive result, which means that a positive result will surely indicate the presence of HPV. The low sensitivity of cytology does not qualify it as a survey exam for HPV detection in this female group.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação entre a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a gravidade da neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical em pacientes HIV positivas. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual foram incluídas 87 pacientes infectadas pelo HIV, confirmado por testes sorológicos prévios. Todas eram portadoras do HPV cervical, diagnosticado por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram realizados anamnese, exame físico e colposcopia de todas em pacientes. A biópsia do colo uterino foi realizada quando indicada pelo exame colposcópico. Os resultados histopatológicos foram classificados com neoplasia intra-epitelial de baixo grau (NIC I) ou de alto grau (NIC II e II). A associação entre a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a gravidade da lesão foi verificada por meio da comparação de médias utilizando a análise da variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: entre as 60 pacientes biopsiadas foram encontrados 24 casos (40,0%) com NIC I, oito (13,3%) NIC II, três (5%) NIC III, 14 (23,3%) pacientes somente com cervicite crônica e 11 (18,3%) apresentando efeito citopático produzido pelo HPV, mas sem perda da polaridade celular. Isso equivale a 35 mulheres com lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau (NIC I + HPV) (58,3%) e 11 (18,3%) com lesão intra-epitelial de alto grau (NIC II + NIC III). A associação entre a média da contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a gravidade da lesão intra-epitelial cervical não foi significativa (p=0,901). CONCLUSÕES: não houve associação entre a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a gravidade da lesão intra-epitelial do colo uterino, diagnosticada pelo exame histopatológico.

PURPOSE: to evaluate association between CD4+ cell count and cervical intraepithelial lesion severity in HIV-infected women. METHODS: cross-sectional study of 87 HIV-infected patients which were confirmed by previous serologic examinations. All had cervical HPV diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients underwent anamnesis, physical examinations and colposcopy. Cervix biopsy was performed when indicated by colposcopical examination. Histopathological results followed Richart's classification, adapted by Wright, and CD4+ cell count and cervical intraepithelial lesion severity association was analysed by comparison of means using analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: among 60 biopsied women 24 were found (40.0%) with CIN I, eight (13.3%) with CIN II, three (5%) with CIN III, 14 (23.3%) with chronic cervicitis and 11 with cytopathic effect of HPV, without cell polarity loss. This corresponds to 35 (58.3%) women with intraepithelial lesion of low grade (CIN I + HPV) and 11 (18.3%) with intraepithelial lesion of high grade (CIN II + CIN III). There was no significant association between CD4+ cell count mean and cervical intraepithelial lesion severity (p=0.901). CONCLUSIONS: there was no association between CD4+ cell count and cervical intraepithelial lesion severity diagnosed by histopathological examination.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a suspensão do tratamento em crianças e adolescentes com hepatite auto-imune em remissão clínica e laboratorial, por um período mínimo de 24 meses, avaliando o índice de recaída após a suspensão do tratamento. MÉTODO: É um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e parcialmente prospectivo de 21 crianças e adolescentes com hepatite auto-imune tipo 1, atendidos no Ambulatório de Hepatologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), no período de janeiro de 1986 a dezembro de 2001. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes, dos quais 21 foram selecionados, sendo 19 do sexo feminino (90,5%), com idade variando de 5,7 a 17,6 anos (mediana de 13,8 anos), tempo médio de seguimento de 5,1±2,4 anos (mediana 4,4 anos) e remissão clínica e laboratorial por um tempo médio de 4,1±1,5 anos (mediana 3,8 anos). Dos 21 pacientes avaliados, 10 (47,6%) ainda apresentavam atividade inflamatória, impossibilitando a suspensão do tratamento, o qual foi interrompido em 11 pacientes (52,4%). Desses, seis pacientes (54,5%) apresentaram reativação da doença, e cinco mantêm remissão clínica e laboratorial, com tempo médio de seguimento de 4±1 anos (mediana 3,9 anos). O intervalo de tempo entre a suspensão do tratamento e a reativação da doença variou de 29 dias a 40,3 meses (mediana 2,2 meses). CONCLUSÕES: Nesse grupo de pacientes com hepatite auto-imune, foi observado alto índice de recaídas (54,5%), que ocorreram com maior freqüência nos primeiros 12 meses pós-suspensão do tratamento, além de grande número de pacientes que apresentou algum grau de atividade inflamatória, apesar do longo tempo de remissão clínico-laboratorial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment withdrawal in children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis, with clinical and laboratory remission for a minimum period of 24 months, determining the relapse rate after treatment withdrawal. METHOD: This is a descriptive, retrospective and partially prospective study of 21 children and adolescents with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis treated at the Outpatient Division of Pediatric Hepatology, Teaching Hospital of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between January 1986 and December 2001. RESULTS: We assessed 54 patients and selected 21, of whom 19 were female subjects (90.5%), aged between 5.7 and 17.6 years (median = 13.8 years), with a mean follow-up of 5.1±2.4 years (median = 4.4 years) and an average clinical and laboratory remission of 4.1±1.5 years (median = 4.1 years). Out of the 21 patients studied, 10 (47.6%) manifested some inflammatory activity that prevented the discontinuation of treatment, which was withdrawn in 11 patients (52.4%). Out of these, six patients (54.5%) presented reactivation of the disease and five maintained clinical and laboratory remission with a mean follow-up of 4±1 years (median = 3.9 years). The time interval between discontinuation of treatment and reactivation of the disease ranged from 29 days to 40.3 months (median = 2.2 months). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high relapse rate (54.5%) in this group of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, which was more frequent within the first 12 months after treatment withdrawal, in addition to a high number of patients that presented some degree of inflammatory activity despite the long period of clinical and laboratory remission.

OBJETIVOS: verificar se a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ e a carga viral do HIV têm influência na presença de lesões intra-epiteliais cervicais (SIL). MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, no qual foram selecionadas 134 mulheres HIV-positivas, todas submetidas à biópsia do colo uterino, quantificação da carga viral do HIV e contagem de linfócitos T CD4+. Os valores laboratoriais da quantificação da carga viral e da contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ foram obtidos antes da realização da biópsia, tendo sido estabelecidos cortes para o estudo da carga viral (<400 cópias/mL; 401 a 50.000 cópias/mL; >50.000 cópias/mL) e contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ (<200 células/mm³; 200 a 350 células/mm³; >350 células/mm³). Foram realizados os testes chi2, chi2 de tendência linear, chi2 de Mantel-Haenszel e análise de variância. Estabeleceu-se significância estatística para p<0,05 e intervalo de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: não houve tendência de risco para as mulheres HIV-positivas apresentarem SIL com o aumento da carga viral ou diminuição dos linfócitos T CD4+. Comparando-se a carga viral com a presença ou ausência de SIL, estratificada pelo tempo em que foi quantificada, houve diferença significante para valores acima de 400 cópias/mL (OR: 3,17; IC 95%: 1,02-9,93; p=0,048). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada para a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ com a presença da SIL. CONCLUSÃO: as pacientes com carga viral do HIV maior que 400 cópias/mL, quantificada antes da biópsia do colo uterino, apresentaram chance 3,17 vezes maior de desencadear SIL. A contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ não influenciou no aparecimento da SIL.

PURPOSE: to evaluate CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count and HIV viral load influence on the presence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). METHODS: cross-sectional study of 134 HIV-infected women submitted to uterine cervical biopsy, HIV viral load quantification and CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count. Viral load and CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count were performed before biopsy timing. Three different levels of viral load (<400 copies/mL; 401 to 50,000 copies/mL; >50,000 copies/mL) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count (<200 cells/mm³; 200 to 350 cells/mm³; >350 cells/mm³) were defined. Data were statistically analyzed by the chi2 test, linear tendency chi2 test, Mantel-Haenszel test, and analysis of variance, with level of significance set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: there was no risk tendency for HIV-infected women to show SIL with viral load level increase or CD4+ T lymphocyte reduction. Comparing viral load with the presence or absence of SIL, stratified by quantification timing, there was a significant difference for values over 400 copies/mL (p=0.048; OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1,02-9.93). No association was found between CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count and SIL. CONCLUSION: patients with HIV viral load higher than 400 copies/mL, performed before uterine cervical biopsy, showed a 3.17 times greater chance to develop SIL. CD4+ T lymphocyte count had no influence on the development of SIL.

Trata-se de relato de um caso de adenoma de orelha média em paciente jovem com perda auditiva de condução progressiva, massa retrotimpânica hiperêmica de evolução lenta e submetido a tratamento cirúrgico por mastoidectomia radical. Este tumor é raro, composto de células epiteliais glandulares e neuroendócrinas. O diagnóstico diferencial é vasto, sendo este definido através do exame anatomopatológico e de imunohistoquímica. O tratamento é cirúrgico, não havendo necessidade de terapia adicional, somente acompanhamento pós-operatório rigoroso, uma vez que seu prognóstico é favorável.

We describe a case report of a middle ear adenoma in man with progressive conductive hearing loss, hyperemic retrotympanic mass with slow growing and undergone a radical mastoidectomy. This is a rare tumor composed of adenomatous and neuroendocrine cells. It has a large number of differential diagnoses and it is done by microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The treatment is surgical in all cases with no additional therapy only clinical follow-up, once its prognostic is favorable

INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência ovariana decorre de ooforectomia bilateral em diversas afecções do ovário, como neoplasia e sepse, além de quimioterapia, radiação pélvica e fatores relacionados à idade. Suas complicações sistêmicas, como insuficiências hormonais, podem ser de difícil controle. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar aspectos endócrinos e histológicos ovarianos após seu transplante ortotópico, sem anastomose vascular e submetidos à imunossupressão pela ciclosporina. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas 12 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia Branca (n = 6) e Califórnia (n = 6), divididas em dois grupos: grupo 1 (n = 4), de controle, submetido apenas a laparotomia, sem outro procedimento cirúrgico; e grupo 2 (n = 8), submetido a ooforectomia bilateral e transplante ortotópico dos ovários, que foram trocados entre as duas raças de animais. De um lado, foi transplantado o ovário íntegro e, do outro, o ovário fatiado. Não houve anastomose vascular. As coelhas foram imunossuprimidas com ciclosporina (10mg/kg ao dia). No final do período de acompanhamento de seis meses, foram feitas dosagens de estradiol, progesterona, hormônio foliculoestimulante (FSH) e hormônio luteinizante (LH), além de estudo histológico de ovários, tuba uterina e útero. RESULTADOS: Os ovários transplantados estavam rodeados por tecido conjuntivo, bem vascularizados, mostrando folículos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. A histologia tubária e uterina também foi preservada em ambos os grupos. A dosagem hormonal foi normal em todas as coelhas, indicando que, do ponto de vista endócrino, o ovário transplantado estava funcionando. O transplante ovariano homógeno ortotópico, sem pedículo vascular e submetido à imunossupressão pela ciclosporina, foi eficaz para a manutenção de hormônios ovarianos em níveis normais.

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian failure may be due to bilateral oophorectomy on several ovarian diseases, such as infection and neoplasm; chemo and radiotherapy as well as factors related to age led to endocrine disturbances followed by systemic complications. OBJECTIVES: To assess endocrine and histological ovarian aspects following allogeneic ovarian transplantation without vascular pedicle and immunosupressed by cyclosporine. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twelve female New Zealand White and California rabbits were divided into 2 Groups: group 1 (n = 4), sham operation; and group 2 (n = 8), submitted to a laparotomy and ovarian bilateral transplantation between pairs of animals. In one side the ovary was intact and in the other side the ovary was sliced. At the end of the follow-up period, blood samples were studied for estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH. At the end of the experiment, histological studies of ovaries, uterus and tubes were carried out. RESULTS: The ovary implants were surrounded by connective tissue; they were well vascularized, and presented follicles in different stages of development. Hormonal values were normal in all rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic orthotopic ovarian transplantation without vascular pedicle and immunosupressed by cyclosporine was effective to preserve normal level of ovarian hormone.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a possibilidade de fertilização natural após ooforectomia total bilateral e transplante ovariano homógeno ortotópico sem anastomose vascular e imunossuprimidos pela ciclosporina. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas dez coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia Branca e Califórnia. Realizou-se ooforectomia total bilateral e transplante ortotópico dos ovários entre pares de animais. De um lado, foi transplantado o ovário íntegro e de outro, o ovário fatiado. Não houve anastomose vascular. A imunossupressão se deu com a administração ciclosporina através de tubo orogástrico diariamente, durante seis meses. Três meses depois, as fêmeas foram colocadas diariamente para copular com machos sabidamente férteis da raça Nova Zelândia Branca, por outros seis meses. No final do período do experimento, foram realizadas dosagens de estradiol, progesterona, hormônio folículo estimulante e hormônio luteinizante, além de estudo histológico dos ovários, tubas e úteros. RESULTADOS: Gravidezes ocorreram em cinco coelhas, sendo que, em quatro delas, houve nascimento de filhotes. As dosagens hormonais estiveram dentro da faixa de normalidade em todos os animais. Os ovários transplantados estavam rodeados de tecido conjuntivos, bem vascularizados e com folículos ovarianos em vários estádios de desenvolvimento. CONCLUSÕES: Obteve-se, com sucesso, a fertilização natural e manutenção hormonal feminina em coelhas submetidas a transplante homógeno de tecido ovariano sem anastomose vascular e imunossuprimidos pela ciclosporina.

OBJETIVO: To verify the fertility of rabbits submitted to allogenic ovarian transplantation without vascular pedicle and immunosupressed by cyclosporine. METHODS: Ten New Zealand White and California female rabbits were submitted to ovaries exchanging between pairs of animals. In one side the ovary was intact and in the other side the ovary was sliced. Cyclosporine was administered through a 12 Fr orogastric tube, every day during six months. Three months later, the animals were daily paired with sexually mature New Zealand White males during other six months. At the end of the follow-up period, blood samples were withdrawn for estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone assessment. Then, all animals were killed. Hystological studies of uterus, ovaries and tubes were carried out. RESULTS: Pregnancy occurred in five rabbits, and four of them had live litters. Hormones levels were normal in all animals. Transplanted ovaries were surrounded by connective tissue, they were well vascularized and contained follicles in different stages of development. CONCLUSIONS: Rabbits submitted to allogeneic ovarian transplantation without vascular pedicle and immunosupressed by cyclosporine maintain fertility and female hormone function.

OBJETIVO: apresentar os achados ginecológicos mais freqüentes de uma coorte de 300 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV, acompanhadas ambulatorialmente. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo e descritivo de mulheres HIV-soropositivas atendidas em clínica ginecológica, no período de novembro de 1996 a dezembro de 2002. As pacientes foram submetidas ao protocolo de atendimento ginecológico que incluiu anamnese, exame ginecológico, colpocitologia oncótica (Papanicolaou), pesquisa de HPV (PCR) e colposcopia. A biópsia cervical, quando necessária, foi realizada. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados no Epi-Info, versão 6.0. RESULTADOS: a idade média foi 34,5 anos. Destaca-se o pequeno número de parceiros sexuais, média de três parceiros, e a predominância do contágio heterossexual: 271 (90,6%) pacientes adquiriram o vírus por meio do contato sexual com seus parceiros. Foi alta a prevalência de neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais (NIC), representando 21,7% do total da amostra. Dentre as 109 pacientes submetidas a PCR encontraram-se 89 (81,7%) com algum genótipo do HPV. Esfregaço inflamatório à citologia esteve presente em 69% das pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: a infecção pelo HIV se associa com freqüência a NIC e a processos infecciosos genitais, em especial o HPV.

PURPOSE: to present the most frequent gynecologic results in a cohort of 300 outpatient HIV-infected women. METHODS: this is a prospective and descriptive study of HIV-infected women that have been followed up at the gynecological clinic from November 1996 to December 2002. These patients were subjected to a specific protocol which included an interview, a gynecological evaluation and a collecting cervical sample for Pap smear, research of HPV (PCR) and colposcopy. Cervical biopsy was performed when necessary. Data were stored and analyzed by Epi-Info, version 6.0. RESULTS: the mean age was 34.5 years. The small number of sexual partners, average of three partners, and the predominance of heterosexual contagion should be mentioned: 271 (90.6%) patients were contaminated through sexual contact with their partners. There was a high prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) representing 21.7% of the total group. Of 109 patients subjected to PCR, 89 (81.7%) were found to have some HPV genotype. An inflammatory smear was present in 69% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: there is a high frequency of CIN and genital infectious diseases among HIV-infected women, mainly HPV.

Introdução: As relações entre a morfologia do enxerto transplantado e a do período pós-transplante são importantes no acompanhamento dos pacientes e no direcionamento dos tratamentos instituídos. Objetivo: Analisar os achados histológicos do enxerto hepático em biópsiasrealizadas pós-reperfusão (tempo zero) e naquelas realizadas de três a 15 dias pós-transplante. Materiais e métodos: Noventa e seis biópsias de 48 pacientes foram selecionadas por terem sido colhidas no tempo zero (pós-reperfusão) e no período compreendido entre o terceiro e o 15º dia pós-transplante, com identificação das lesões hepatocitárias degenerativas, necrose e atividadeinflamatória. As biópsias pós-transplante foram ainda graduadas quanto ao índice de atividade de rejeição (IAR), segundo o consenso de Banff. Resultados: Osachados histopatológicos mais freqüentes nas biópsias pós-reperfusão foram de degeneração hidrópica discreta (acometimento de até 50% dos hepatócitos) em 87,5% dos casos e necrose focal intralobular (lítica, apoptose) presente em 75% dos pacientes, em graus variáveis. Nas biópsiasrealizadas pós-transplante encontrou-se degeneração hidrópica discreta também em 87,5% dos casos e rejeição aguda em 38 (79,2%) pacientes. Nestas biópsias com rejeição aguda, chamou atenção a intensidade da agressão a ductos biliares em graus moderado (2) e acentuado (3) presentes em 42,1% dos casos, enquanto a endotelialite portal, nestas mesmas intensidades, ocorreu em 21,05%. Conclusão: Nossos dados evidenciaram lesões relacionadas à preservação (lesões do tipo harvesting) nas biópsias pós-reperfusão. As biópsias pós-transplante revelaram índice de rejeição morfológica na maioria dos casos, como evidenciado na literatura, destacando-se aqui a intensidade da agressão a ductos biliares.

Introduction: The morphology of the donor graft and of the post-transplant period are important in the follow-up and management of liver transplanted patients. Objective: Analyse the morphological findings of the liver graft in post-reperfusional biopsies (time zero) and in biopsies taken three to 15 days after transplantation. Materials and methods: Ninety six (96) biopsies of forty eight (48) patients were selected for being performed in time zero (after reperfusion) and in the period between the 3rd and the 15th day after transplantation, with identification of degenerative findings, necrosis and inflamatory activity. The post-transplantation specimens were also graduated using the Rejection Activity Index (RAI), according to the Banff consensus. Results: The most common findings in time-zero biopsies were discrete hepatocyte ballooning (up to 50% of hepatocytes) in 87.5% of cases and intralobular focal necrosis (lytic, apoptosis) seen in 75% of the patients. In biopsies taken after transplantation mild hepatocyte ballooning was also seen in 87.5% of the cases. Acute rejection was seen in 38 (79.2%) of these biopsies. Moderate (2) and intense (3) bile-duct damage was present in 42.10% of the post-transplant biopsies with acute rejection, while portal endotelialitis at the same degree of intensity was present in 21.05% of these cases. Conclusion: Our findings reveal preservation related findings ("harvesting") in time zero biopsies. Acute rejection was seen in most cases of post-transplant specimens, according to the literature, with emphasis to the intensity of bile-duct damage.

Objetivo: comparar a acurácia do estudo histopatológico e da reação em cadeia por polimerase (PCR) no diagnóstico da infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) em lesões do colo uterino de mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos: foram estudadas 52 mulheres soropositivas para o HIV com lesões cervicais clinicamente suspeitas de HPV nas quais se realizou raspado ectocervical para a PCR e biópsia dirigida pela colposcopia, para o estudo histopatológico. As amostras de três pacientes se mostraram sem qualidade para a PCR, reduzindo a população estudada para 49. Resultados: a prevalência de HPV foi de 53% pela histopatologia e de 85,7% pela PCR. Dentre as 42 pacientes com HPV detectado pela PCR, 26 foram confirmadas pela histopatologia (sensibilidade = 61,9%). Esta, por sua vez, não demonstrou nenhum resultado falso-positivo (especificidade = 100%), com predição positiva de 100%. Comparando-se os dois resultados, encontrou-se para a histopatologia: valor preditivo positivo = 100% e valor preditivo negativo = 30,4%. Das 26 pacientes com histopatologia positiva para HPV, 15 (57,6%) apresentaram neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais (NIC). O risco relativo de uma paciente com HPV apresentar NIC foi de 13,3. Conclusão: a histopatologia mostrou 100% de acerto para o diagnóstico de HPV, o que significa dizer que, quando a biópsia for positiva o HPV certamente estará presente, confirmando a suspeita clínica. No entanto, a baixa sensibilidade retira da histopatologia o valor como exame de rastreamento nesse grupo de mulheres.

Purpose: to compare histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical lesions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. Methods: fifty-two HIV-seropositive women with suspected HPV cervical lesions were studied. Cervical scrapes were collected for PCR and colposcopy-guided biopsy was made for the histopathologic study. Three samples were disqualified for PCR, leaving a study population of 49 women. Results: the prevalence of HPV was 53% by histopathology and 85.7% by PCR. Among the 42 patients in whom HPV was detected by PCR, 26 were confirmed by histopathology (sensitivity = 61.9%). This method gave no false-positives (specificity = 100%), with 100% of positive prediction. Compared to PCR, the histopathology had: positive predcitive value = 100% and negative predcitive value = 30.4%. Among the 26 patients with HPV-positive biopsy, 15 (57.7%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); relative risk = 13.3. Conclusion: histopathology was 100% correct for HPV-infection diagnosis. It means that when the biopsy is positive, HPV will be present, confirming the clinical suspicion. However, the low sensitivity excludes histopathology as a screening examination in this group of women.

Realizamos um estudo experimental em ratos com o objetivo de retardar o trânsito intestinal no cólon e verificar as alterações macroscópicas nas fezes e as histopatológicas ocorridas no intestino grosso. Foram operados 15 ratos e 15 ratas num total de trinta, divididos em três grupos denominados 30, 60 e 90 dias, conforme o tempo proposto para relaparotomia. Todos os ratos foram submetidos a duas seromiotomias extramucosas, no cólon descendente, com incisões circunferenciais (360°). Elas se localizavam, uma a 1 cm e a outra a 2 cm acima da reflexão peritoneal. Após as seromiotomias, fez-se a sutura seromuscular circundando todo o perímetro do cólon. Analisaram-se os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos. Concluiu-se que há formação de um anel fibroso, com elevação da mucosa em direção à luz, do tipo valvular e descontinuidade da musculatura longitudinal e transversal.

Experiments were carried out on mice, aiming to retard bowel movement in the descending colon. The microscopic alterations in the stools and the histopathological changes in the large intestine were observed. Fifteen male mice and fifteen female mice have been operated on and divided into three groups named 30, 60 and 90 days, according to the time set for the relaparotomy. All mice have been submitted to two extramucous seromytomies in the descending colon with circunferential incisions (360). One of them was located one centimeter; and the other two centimeters, above the peritoneal reflection. After the seromytomias, a seromuscular suture surrouding all over the colon area was performed. We observed visceral and perineal adherence in the three groups, the majority without organic repercurssion. However a mouse from the 60 days group had partial obstructive manifestation that resulted in death on the 40th pos-surgical day. There were complications with total colon obstruction for stools impact in the operated area of two female mice that also developed into death on the 2nd pos - surgical week. A mouse showed deiscence and evisceration of the abdominal suture, dying on the 10th day pos- surgical. Therefore, there were therefore four deaths (13,33%) due to a total, parcial and evisceration obstruction. In the three groups inflamatory reaction was observed, in all the coatings, which was greater in the 30 days groups. 1n the groups 60 and 90 days, sectionalized tissues were repaired by fibrous conjunctive tissue. Our results did not show that the procedure hasn't produced clinics and radiological repercussions, in the distal from the operated site intestine. There were histopathlogical alterations that assured inflamatory process with reaction of strange body type in the sutured colon. This inflamatory process on a same transversal and circunferencial plane, provided a concentrica partial stenose resulting intestine transit delay confirmed by the shape, shine and stools aglomeration. We've concluded that extramucosal seromyotomy with seromuscular suture can be used as a surgical resource in order to retard the intestinal transit in mice.