Abstract Objective : To evaluate the effect of calcareous amendments on the productivity and quality of Medicago sativa (L.) cv. Moapa 69 in the high tropic of the Nariño department, Colombia. Materials and Methods : The study was conducted in the Pasto and Sapuyes localities. A complete randomized block design was used, with split-plot arrangement. Twelve treatments were established, resulting from the interaction of three amendment sources (dolomitic limestone, agricultural limestone and agricultural gypsum) and four doses (D1-control without application of limestone, D2-according to soil analysis, D3-½ D2 and D4-1 t. ha-1), with three replicas. The variables were plant height, green forage, dry matter, protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus. The program R V 3.6.2 was used for the statistical analysis. Variance analysis was applied. Results : In the rainy season, in the Pasto locality, T4 was the most outstanding in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, with values of 41,0 and 25,5 %, respectively. In Sapuyes, T4 stood out for its protein content (30,9 %). During the dry season, in Pasto, the variables did not show statistical differences. In Sapuyes, T3 was the best regarding acid detergent fiber (29,3 %), T8 stood out in height (2,57 cm) and T12 in green forage (5,52 t ha-1) and dry matter (0,97 t ha-1). Conclusions : The practice of limestone application positively influenced the establishment and adequate development of M. sativa. The performance of alfalfa varied in correspondence with the water availability. In the rainy season, the DM yields remained constant. Meanwhile, in the dry season, dolomitic limestone, with 1 t.ha-1, had the best yields.

Resumen Objetivo : Evaluar el efecto de enmiendas calcáreas en la productividad y la calidad de Medicago sativa (L.) cv. Moapa 69 en el trópico alto del departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos : El estudio se desarrolló en las localidades de Pasto y Sapuyes. Se utilizó un diseño experimental en bloques completamente aletorizados, con arreglo en parcelas divididas. Se establecieron 12 tratamientos, resultantes de la interacción de tres fuentes de enmienda (cal dolomita, cal agrícola y yeso agrícola) y cuatro dosis (D1-testigo sin aplicación de cal, D2-según análisis de suelo, D3-½ D2 y D4-1 t. ha-1), con tres réplicas. Las variables fueron altura de la planta, el rendimiento de forraje verde y de materia seca, la proteína, la fibra detergente neutro, la fibra detergente ácido, el calcio y el fósforo. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza para el procesamiento de los datos mediante el programa R V 3.6.2. Resultados : En la época de altas precipitaciones, en la localidad de Pasto, T4 fue el más sobresaliente en fibra detergente neutro y fibra detergente ácido, con valores de 41,0 y 25,5 %, respectivamente. En Sapuyes, T4 se destacó por su contendido de proteína (30,9 %). Durante las bajas precipitaciones, en Pasto, las variables no presentaron diferencias estadísticas. En Sapuyes, T3 fue el mejor en cuanto a la fibra detergente ácido (29,3 %) mientras que, T8 se destacó en altura (2,57 cm) y T12 en el rendimiento de forraje verde (5,52 t ha-1) y de materia seca (0,97 t ha-1). Conclusiones : En el establecimiento y desarrollo de M. sativa influyó positivamente la práctica de encalado. El comportamiento de la M. sativa varió en correspondencia con la disponibilidad hídrica. En la época de altas precipitaciones, los rendimiento de materia seca se mantuvieron constantes. Mientras, en la de bajas precipitaciones, la cal dolomta, tuvo los mejores resultados.

Abstract Meteorological variables prediction is applied in agriculture to predict water uptake of plants for planning irrigation depths. In the present study a program was made for the prediction of temperature, solar radiation, reference evapotranspiration and relative humidity by means of autoregressive integrated mobile media models. The effectiveness of the program was tested for prediction under high and low rainfall conditions. The prediction periods evaluated were in March and in June, 2013, in three automatic meteorological stations (EMAS) of the National Meteorological Service (SMN). The analysis of results indicated that the prediction of meteorological variables with ARIMA models was better than with persistent prediction in the period with low rainfall conditions (March).

Resumen La predicción de las variables meteorológicas se aplica en la agricultura al predecir el consumo de agua de las plantas para planear la lámina de riego. En esta investigación se elaboró un programa para realizar la predicción de la temperatura, radiación solar, evapotranspiración de referencia y humedad relativa con modelos autorregresivos integrados de media móvil (ARIMA) y se probó la efectividad del programa para realizar la predicción en condiciones de alta y baja precipitación. Los periodos de predicción evaluados fueron en marzo y en junio de 2013 en tres estaciones meteorológicas automáticas (EMAS) del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). El análisis de los resultados indicó que la predicción de las variables meteorológicas con modelos ARIMA fue mejor que con la predicción persistente en el periodo con condiciones de baja precipitación (marzo).

The population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata Waterston was determined in urban areas of the municipality of Playa, Havana City, Cuba. The study was carried out from February 15, 2007, to April 15, 2009. The populations of both insects on plants of Murraya paniculata L. (Jack) and Citrus spp. growing in private and public gardens were evaluated every ten days. In order to understand the interactions between the target pest and its parasitoid, logistic regressions,working with a nonlinear model, were used, and the generalized relationship between the samplings were used to determine the density in which a control treatment was necessary. The population of both insects on M. paniculata plants was higher in 2009; in the case of the natural enemy, the population doubled that observed in 2007. The lowest percentages of parasitoidism were found in the citrus plants. The maximum increase rate (K) of D. citri was 147, which exceeded the rate found during the samplings, with a mean population (ì) of 110.9 individuals and a net instantaneous growth rd = 0.06 ; for the parasitoid (K) was 98.25 individuals, a value higher than that observed for the samples, with a population mean (ì) of 53.4 individuals. With these results, it was estimated that, when a total of 49 individuals was present per each five sampled buds, it would be necessary the application of some measure to avoid the quick increment of D. citri.

Se determinó la fluctuación poblacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama y su parasitoide Tamarixia radiata Waterston en zonas urbanas del municipio Playa, La Habana, Cuba. La evaluación de las poblaciones de ambos insectos se realizó cada diez días, en plantas de Murraya paniculata L. (Jack) y Citrus spp., ubicadas en jardines de viviendas privadas e instalaciones públicas. Para conocer el comportamiento de las interacciones que se establecen entre este fitófago y su plaga diana se realizaron regresiones logísticas, según un modelo no lineal, y se determinó la densidad de D. citri, para la cual se hace necesario un tratamiento control. Se observó que las poblaciones de ambos insectos fueron mayores en el año 2009 en plantas de M. paniculata; se duplicó en el caso del enemigo natural, con relación a las encontradas en el año 2007. El parasitoidismo mostró los porcentajes más bajos en los cítricos. La capacidad máxima de incremento (K) de D. citri fue de 147, la cual supera a la encontrada durante los muestreos, con una media poblacional (µ) de 110,9 individuos con una tasa neta de crecimiento instantánea r d=0,06; mientras que para el parasitoide fue de 98,25 individuos, valor que se encuentra por encima de lo observado durante los muestreos, con una media poblacional (µ) de 53,4 individuos. A partir de estos resultados se estimó que, de existir 49 individuos totales por cada 5 brotes muestreados, resultará necesaria la aplicación de alguna medida que evite el incremento acelerado de D. citri.

Introduction: the command of the mother tongue and the improvement of one of its skills, writing without spelling mistakes, has become one of the supreme goals of Cuban medical education. Objective: to develop a methodological strategy for promoting the correct spelling of the basic vocabulary of third-year Nutrition and Dietetics subjects. Methods: a diagnostic study was conducted at the Health Technology Faculty of Holguin (academic year 2010-2011) with 33 third-year Nutrition and Dietetics students, of both sexes, aged 21 to 30 years, and 5 teachers of different subjects in the course, on the command of the spelling of the basic vocabulary used in them. Results: several shortcomings were identified: only 2 students were ranked in the Very Good category, 6 were in the Good category, 15 were Fair and 10 were in the Poor category. With regard to teachers, 3 of them believed that the current status of spelling was Poor and 2 of them considered it as Fair. As a solution to the identified problem, a methodological strategy was proposed. Conclusions: there are deficiencies in the spelling of the basic vocabulary of the subjects. After implementing the strategy, it was found that it contributes to improve spelling, which corroborated the hypothesis of this research.

Introducción: el dominio de la Lengua materna y el desarrollo de una de sus habilidades, escribir sin errores ortográficos, se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos supremos de la educación médica cubana. Objetivo: elaborar una estrategia metodológica para el tratamiento ortográfico del vocabulario básico de las asignaturas de tercer año en Nutrición y Dietética. Métodos: se realizó un estudio diagnóstico en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Holguín (curso 2010-2011) en 33 estudiantes de tercer año de Nutrición y Dietética, de ambos sexos, comprendidos entre los 21 y 30 años de edad, y en 5 profesores de las diferentes asignaturas de la carrera, acerca del dominio de la ortografía del vocabulario básico empleado en ellas. Resultados: se detectaron varias insuficiencias: solo 2 estudiantes se ubicaron en la categoría de MB, 6 en la de B, 15 en la de R y 10 en la categoría de M. En cuanto a los profesores, 3 consideraron el estado actual del desarrollo del componente ortográfico como M y 2 lo evaluaron de R. Se propuso como solución al problema detectado una estrategia metodológica. Conclusiones: existen deficiencias en el dominio del componente ortográfico del vocabulario básico de las asignaturas; luego de aplicada la estrategia demostró que contribuye a su mejoramiento, lo que corroboró la hipótesis de esta investigación.

Vertical distribution of microzooplankton and fish larvae was studied in a Patagonian fjord from Chile. Zooplankton collection, including larvae of the sprat Sprattus fuegensis (Clupeidae) and the lightfish Maurolicus parvipinnis (Sternoptychidae) were collected during a 25 h period inside Steffen fjord (47°S) during November 2008, using stratified sampling of zooplankton, prey field, and CTD casts. Most copepod nauplii, copepodites of Acartia tonsa and large M. parvipinnis larvae were collected in the vicinity of the pycnocline, while larval S. fuegensis did not show a spatial pattern. Therefore, some larval fish species may utilize stable water parcels to increase predator-prey encounter rates.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de autocuidado en la funcionalidad de adultos mayores, pertenecientes a un Centro de Salud Familiar del sur de Chile. Metodología: estudio de tipo experimental puro que intervino un grupo de adultos mayores entre 65 y 79 años, durante julio y agosto de 2002, en la que se midió la funcionalidad de acuerdo con las necesidades funcionales básicas, funciones mentales y autopercepción de salud. Resultados: fuerte asociación entre la participación en el programa de autocuidado y ausencia de dependencia para necesidades funcionales básicas valor p=0,0001; funciones mentales intactas valor p= 0,01 y buena autopercepción de salud valor p=0,0002. Discusión: los resultados se correlacionan con los obtenidos por Domínguez O, Albala C y cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; y Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) quienes describen altos porcentajes de adultos mayores funcionalmente independientes, difriendo con Sequeira D; y Muñoz, M. y cols. (6, 7), quienes presentan altos porcentajes de dependencia. Las funciones cognitivas se evalúan como normales al igual que el estudio de Lara R y Mardones M (5). La autopercepción de salud inicial al igual que para Albala C y cols., y la réplica del estudio realizada por Gordillo Y (1, 4), es evaluada como regular. Conclusión: el programa de autocuidado constituiría un entorno estimulante declarado por Lehr y Orem, necesario para mantener o corregir el declive funcional natural del adulto mayor (8, 9), favoreciendo su independencia en necesidades básicas de la vida diaria, mejorando sus funciones mentales y autopercepción de salud.

Purpose: assess how a self-care program affects the functionality of older adults living in a Family Health Center located in the south of Chile. Methodology: pure experimental study that involved the participation of a group of older adults aged 65 to 79 years old, during July and August, 2002, intended to measure the functionality regarding basic functional needs, mental functions and self-perception of health. Results: strong relation between the participation in the self-care program and absence of dependence for basic functional needs p=0,0001; intact mental functions p= 0,01 and good self-perception of health p=0,0002. Discussion: the results are correlated with the results obtained by Domínguez O, Albala C and cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; and Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). All of the foregoing, describe high percentages of older adults that are functionally independent, as opposed to Sequeira D; and Muñoz, M. and cols. (6, 7), who obtained high percentages of dependence. Cognitive functions are normal just as in the study of R and Mardones M (5). Self-perception of health is normal just as in the studies of Albala C e cols., and in the reply to the study made by Gordillo Y (1, 4). Conclusion: the self-care program would constitute a stimulating background by Lehr and Orem needed for preserving or correcting the natural functional decline of older adults (8, 9), and favor the independence to fulfll day-to-day needs, apart from improving mental functions and self-perception of health.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de um programa de autocuidado na funcionalidade de adultos maiores, pertencentes a um Centro de Saúde Familiar do sul de Chile. Metodologia: estudo de tipo experimental puro que en-volveu a participação de um grupo de adultos maiores entre 65 e 79 anos, durante julho e agosto de 2002, no intuito de medir a funcionalidade de acordo com as necessidades funcionais básicas, funciones mentais e auto-percepção de saúde. Resultados: forte associação entre a participação no programa de autocuidado e ausência de dependência para necessidades funcionais básicas valor p=0,0001; funciones mentais intactas valor p= 0,01 e boa auto-percepção de saúde p=0,0002. Discussão: os resultados são correlacionados com os resultados obtidos por Domínguez O, Albala C e cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; e Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Todos eles des-crevem altas porcentagens de adultos maiores funcionalmente independentes, diferindo com Sequeira D; e Muñoz, M. e cols. (6, 7), quem evidenciam altas porcentagens de dependência. As funções cognitivas são avaliadas como normais igual que no estudo de R e Mardones M (5). A auto-percepção de saúde é avaliada como regular igual que nos estudos de Albala C e cols., e na réplica do estudo realizado por Gordillo Y (1, 4). Conclusão: o programa de autocuidado constituiria um entorno estimulante declarado por Lehr e Orem necessário à preservação ou correção do declive funcional natural do adulto maior (8, 9), e que iria favorecer a independência para cum-prir necessidades básicas da vida diária, além de melhorar as funções mentais e a auto-percepção de saúde.

Diesel - based microemulsions and a surfactant/diesel blend, using ethoxylated (5 EO) nonylphenol as surfactant, were prepared and tested in a diesel engine to evaluate its performance and emissions. The following properties were evaluated: density, viscosity, cloud point and corrosiveness. Experimental results showed that density and viscosity were greater than those obtained for neat diesel. Cloud point and corrosiveness were not affected by water and surfactant. Specific fuel consumption of the microemulsion systems was greater than that of diesel, but the small droplets of water improved diesel combustion. Compared with diesel, an increase in carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and a decrease in black smoke emissions were obtained. In general, only microemulsions with up to 6% water are in accord with Brazilian diesel/biodiesel fuel regulations and specifications.

Zinc electrowinning is performed with the application of a current through insoluble electrodes (Pb - Ag), causing the electrolysis of zinc sulfate, with or without impurities, and zinc deposition on the cathode of aluminum. The impurities can reduce the current efficiency and increase the energy consumption in zinc electrolysis. In this work, the effect of nickel and magnesium on zinc electrodeposition was studied using the electrochemical techniques of galvanostatic deposition and cyclic voltammetry. Additions of nickel, magnesium or both cations in zinc sulfate electrolyte resulted in a marginal increase in current efficiency. Addition of nickel or magnesium polarizes the cathode; however, the extent of polarization in the presence of magnesium is more than that of nickel. Addition of magnesium to the zinc electrolyte caused zinc reduction at a more negative potential. The addition of nickel to the zinc electrolyte increased the current density of the anodic peaks, thus increasing the dissolution of zinc and hydrogenated phases. The addition of nickel to the zinc and magnesium solutions decreased the nucleation loop, facilitating zinc deposition.

The skeletal muscle fascia corresponds to a condensation of connective tissue. Fascias are highly innervated and sensitive, and can cover non-expandable structures as well as musculature. It is suggested that fascias have a pivotal role in functions such as postural regulation, peripheral motor coordination and proprioception. Also, the presence of inflammation and microcalcification in fascia of patients with localized muscle pain has been described, suggesting a pathogenic role in pain. The aim was to describe the histological structure of the external deep fascia of the trapezius muscle, with emphasis on the content and arrangement of muscle fibers, type I collagen, and adipose tissue. Sample material was obtained from a male cadaver (60-70 years old), by dissection of the posterior cervical region of the superficial fascia of the trapezius muscle and fixed in buffered formalin. Samples were processed by routine histological techniques and embedded in paraffin, obtaining 5 µm-thick sections that were stained according to the van Gieson technique. The trapezius fascia is composed of type I collagen, organized into high-density collagen bundles and oriented in different directions, and by adipocytes disposed in longitudinal groups on the main axis of the fascia. Muscle fibers are organized into bundles that are inserted laterally on the thickness of the fascia. It is possible that lateral transmission of tensional forces between the fibers might be present.

La fascia del músculo esquelético corresponde a una condensación de tejido conectivo. Las fascias están inervadas y son sensibles y pueden cubrir estructuras no distensibles, así como las fibras musculares esqueléticas. Tienen un rol importante en la regulación de la postura, la coordinación motora periférica y la propiocepción. Además, se ha descrito la presencia de inflamación y microcalcificaciones en la fascia de los pacientes con dolor muscular localizado, lo que sugiere un rol patogénico en el dolor. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir la estructura histológica de la fascia externa profunda del músculo trapecio, con énfasis en el contenido y la disposición de las fibras musculares, colágeno tipo I y el tejido adiposo. Material y métodos: El material de la muestra fue obtenido de un cadáver de sexo masculino (60-70 años), por la disección de la región cervical posterior de la fascia superficial del músculo trapecio e inmediatamente fijado en formalina tamponada (pH 7,2) durante 48 horas. La muestra fue procesada por técnicas histológicas e impregnada en parafina (punto de fusión 56-58 C). Secciones de 5 µm de espesor fueron montadas en láminas silanizada para el desarrollo del protocolo de la técnica de van Gieson. Resultados y discusión: Se observa que la fascia del trapecio está compuesta por tejido conectivo denso irregular con abundante colágeno tipo I, organizado en paquetes grandes como verdaderos haces de colágeno de alta densidad orientada en diferentes direcciones; y por adipocitos dispuestos en grupos longitudinales en el eje principal de la fascia. Las fibras musculares estriadas están organizadas en paquetes que se insertan lateralmente en el espesor de la fascia. Es posible que la transmisión lateral de la tensión entre las fibras esté presente.

A quimioterapia para as leishmanioses, doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, ainda permanece ineficiente em diversos tratamentos. Portanto, existe a necessidade de pesquisa por novos fármacos. Nesse trabalho, foram sintetizados derivados 1-aril-1H-pirazol-4-carboximidamidas, avaliadas as atividades leishmanicida e os efeitos citotóxicos in vitro, e realizado um estudo de relação estrutura-atividade (REA) com a série de compostos. O composto 2 apresentou um perfil de atividade que pode ser melhorado através de estratégias de modificação molecular da química medicinal.

Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis, diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, remains inefficient in several treatments. So there is a need to search for new drugs. In this work, we have synthesized 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboximidamides derivatives and evaluated antileishmanial activities in vitro, as well as cytotoxic effects. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were carried out with all the compounds of the series. Compound 2 showed an activity profile that can be improved through medicinal chemistry strategies.

The transgenic plum (Prunus domestica L.) C5, in which the coat protein (CP) gene of the Plum pox virus (PPV) is inserted, represents a unique example of the use of genetic engineering for fruit crop improvement in Prunus spp. Field trials in Poland, Romania, and Spain have demonstrated resistance of C5 to several D and M strain PPV isolates. In Chile, the quarantine regulations for PPV and for genetically modified (GM) plants require that the testing of C5 for resistance to Chilean PPV isolates be done under controlled isolated conditions. To carry out these tests C5 shoots were multiplied in vitro and micro-grafted onto four Adesoto101 (Prunus insititia L.) rootstock populations that had been previously infected each with one of four Chilean PPV-Ds. Tests were carried out under controlled conditions in a biosafety greenhouse. Symptoms appearance, virus detection, and viral mRNA levels for the cylindrical inclusion (CI) and CP genes were determined during three consecutive growing seasons. Complete resistance to all PPV isolates was demonstrated during the first 2 yr in all of the C5 plants. In the third season, four of 10 C5 plants showed mild symptoms on leaves close to the graft union and low but detectable CI mRNA levels in the C5 scions. These results support the effectiveness of using of micro-grafting on P. insititia for PPV resistance studies, especially in the limited space of a quarantine facility; whereas resistance levels in C5 after 3 yr indicate the importance of long term and field scale evaluations.

El ciruelo (Prunus domestica L.) transgénico C5, que posee inserto el gen de la proteína de cubierta (CP) del Plum pox virus (PPV), es un ejemplo excepcional del uso de ingeniería genética para el mejoramiento de Prunus spp. Pruebas de campo realizadas en Polonia, Rumania y España han demostrado su resistencia a distintos aislamientos de PPV cepas D y M. En Chile, dadas las regulaciones cuarentenarias para PPV y para plantas genéticamente modificadas, los análisis de resistencia de C5 deben ser ejecutados bajo condiciones de confinamiento. Para realizar estas pruebas, se multiplicaron in vitro brotes de C5 y se microinjertaron en cuatro grupos de ’Adesoto’ 101 (Prunus insititia L.) previamente infectados con cuatro aislamientos de PPV-D chilenos ya caracterizados. Todos los ensayos se realizaron bajo condiciones controladas en invernadero de bioseguridad. Durante tres temporadas se analizó sintomatología, presencia de virus y niveles de mARN viral para los genes de la proteína de inclusión cilíndrica (CI) y CP. Durante los primeros 2 años se encontró una resistencia completa a todos los aislamientos en todos los injertos. Al tercer año, cuatro de 10 injertos C5 mostraron síntomas leves en hojas cercanas al sitio de injertación y un nivel bajo, pero detectable, de mARN de CI. Estos resultados avalan la utilidad de la microinjertación en P. insititia para estudios de resistencia a PPV, especialmente en un recinto cuarentenario, mientras que los niveles de resistencia mostrados por C5 luego de 3 años indican la necesidad de evaluaciones prolongadas y preferentemente en campo.

El crecimiento es una de las características de naturaleza cuantitativa que influye en la calidad de la canal. En el presente estudio se identificaron las regiones cromosomales responsables para la variación del crecimiento en el cromosoma 5 en una población de ganado criollo romosinuano. Se evaluaron en 72 progenies las características de peso al nacimiento, peso al destete, peso a los 12 meses y a los 16 meses, área de ojo del lomo a los 12 y 16 meses, espesor de grasa dorsal a los 12 y 16 meses, espesor de grasa del anca a los 12 y 16 meses, ganancia diaria predestete y posdestete, al igual que los genotipos de tres polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de los genes MYF5, PDE1B e IGF1 y de cuatro microsatélites BM6026, CSSM34, RM500, ETH10, distribuidos a lo largo del cromosoma. Se realizó un análisis de regresión linear el cual mostró el efecto de seis loci de rasgos cuantitativos (QTL) asociados a características de crecimiento. Cinco QTL fueron significativos (p≤0,05) para las características de peso al nacimiento, peso a los 16 meses, área del ojo de lomo a los 12 y 16 meses y ganancia diaria posdestete y un QTL se encontró con una significancia de p≤0,01 para la característica ganancia diaria predestete. Los resultados demostraron que los genes MYF5, PDE1B, IGF1 pueden ser genes candidatos posicionales que inciden en la variación del crecimiento para la calidad de la canal en el ganado romosinuano.

Growth is a quantitative trait that influences the carcass quality. In the present study, bovine chromosomal 5 regions responsible for growth variations have been identified in a romosinuano creole cattle population. The traits birth weight, weaning weight, 12 months weight, 16 months weight, the rib eye area at 12 and 16 months, back fat thickness at 12 and 16 months, rump fat thickness at 12 and 16 months, preweaning and postweaning daily gain were evaluated in 72 progenies, as well as the genotypes of 3 SNPs from the MYF5, PDE1B, IGF1 genes and 4 microsatellites (BM6026, CSSM34, RM500, ETH10) distributed along the chromosome. A linear regression analysis showed the six QTL effect associated with growth traits. Five QTL were significant at p≤0.05 for the triait birth weight, weight at 16 months, rib eye area at 12 and 16 months, and preweaning daily gain interval between 45 and 105 cM and a QTL showed a level significance of p ≤ 0.01 for the postweaning daily gain. It was demostrated according to the position of the QTLs identified in the present study, that the MYF5, PDE1B and IGF1 genes might be positional candidate genes affecting the growth variation for carcass quality in romosinuano cattle.

Spatial (both vertical and horizontal) and seasonal differences were detected in larval fish assemblages from samples collected off central Chile. Vertically-stratified sampling was carried out over the slope and continental shelf off Talcahuano in central Chile, during October 1998 and July 1999 to examine differences in larval fish assemblages. During October, the entire water column in the shelf and slope stations was characterized by cold and saltier waters, indicative of a recent upwelling event; during this period the larval fish assemblage was structured by time of the day in the shelf station. This assemblage was dominated by larvae of the mesopelagic lightfish Maurolicus parvipinnis and anchoveta Engraulis ringens. By contrast, ichthyoplankton was vertically structured in the slope station, showing different taxa associations in function of the depth (largely dominated by M. parvipinnis and the myctophid Hygophum bruuni). During July 1999, oceanographic conditions were characterized by higher surface temperatures, thermal inversion and a low salinity surface layer (33.6-33.8). Larval fish assemblages from slope and shelf were vertically stratified, and were aggregated below the halocline. Larval E. ringens and H. bruuni were highly abundant in both stations, and larvae of several taxa of subtidal/intertidal habitat (Hypsoblennius sordidus, Sebastes capensis) were collected over the shelf. During both periods the oceanographic features affecting the structure of larval fish assemblages off central Chile changed, wich was more noticeable during July (effects of the low salinity layer) than October (presence of recently upwelled waters).

Se detectaron diferencias espaciales (a escala vertical y horizontal) y estacionales en las asociaciones de larvas de peces recolectadas en estaciones fijas sobre el talud y plataforma continental frente a Chile central muestreadas por 24 h durante octubre de 1998 y julio de 1999. Durante octubre, la columna de agua en las estaciones de la plataforma y talud estuvo caracterizada por aguas frías y salinas, indicativa de un reciente evento de surgencia; durante este periodo las asociaciones de larvas de peces estuvieron estructuradas por la hora del día en la estación de la plataforma. Esta asociación larval estuvo dominada por el pez mesopelágico Maurolicus parvipinnis y anchoveta Engraulis ringens. Por otra parte, sobre el talud continental, el ictioplancton estuvo estructurado verticalmente, con diferentes asociaciones en función de la profundidad. La asociación estuvo dominada por M. parvipinnis y el mictófido Hygophum bruuni. Durante julio de 1999, las condiciones oceanográficas se caracterizaron por una mayor temperatura superficial, inversión térmica y una capa superficial de baja salinidad (33,6-33,8). Las asociaciones ictioplanctónicas de la plataforma y el talud estuvieron estratificadas verticalmente, y se agregaron bajo la haloclina. Las larvas de E. ringens y H. bruuni fueron altamente abundantes en ambas estaciones, y varias especies de hábitat submareal/intermareal (Hypsoblennius sordidus, Sebastes capensis) fueron recolectadas sobre la plataforma. La importancia de las características oceanográficas en la estructura de las asociaciones de larvas de peces frente a Chile central cambió entre ambos periodos de muestreo, siendo más notable durante julio (efectos de la capa de baja salinidad) que en octubre (presencia de aguas de surgencia).

Neste trabalho foram avaliados, para o espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m, o número de perfilhos por touceira (NPT) e a área de ocupação da touceira (AOT) de 26 genótipos de Heliconia spp., cultivados a pleno sol e a meia-sombra. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Na avaliação realizada 316 dias após o plantio (DAP), os genótipos cultivados a pleno sol apresentaram médias de NPT variando entre 18,3 (H. bihai cultivar Kamehameha) e 57,0 (H. psittacorum cultivar Red Opal), agrupando-se em três classes distintas (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05). Os genótipos cultivados a meia-sombra apresentaram NPT médio variando entre 11,7 (H. bihai cultivar Nappi Yellow) e 43,7 (H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cultivar Golden Torch), agrupando-se em três classes distintas (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05). De modo geral, observou-se que as helicônias de pequeno porte como, por exemplo, as cultivares e híbridas de H. psittacorum perfilharam mais que as helicônias de grande porte, em ambas as condições de plantio. Em relação à AOT, na avaliação realizada 304 DAP entre os materiais cultivados a pleno sol, H. psittacorum cultivar Red Opal ocupou apenas metade da área da parcela (11.387 cm²), enquanto o genótipo Heliconia x nickeriensis ocupou toda a área (22.541 cm²). O genótipo H. orthotricha apresentou a menor AOT (725 cm²). Para os genótipos cultivados a meia-sombra, a AOT variou entre 750 cm² (H. bihai cutivar Nappi Yellow) e 10.201 cm² (H. stricta cultivar Fire Bird). Embora as avaliações continuem em andamento, os resultados obtidos até 316 DAP permitem concluir que a adoção de um mesmo espaçamento para diferentes genótipos de helicônia é inadequada e que poderá acarretar futuros problemas de manejo das plantas.

This paper presents information on the number of shoots per clump (NSC) and area per clump (APC) of 26 Heliconia spp. genotypes, cultivated in full sun and partial shade, at a plant spacing of 3,0 x 1,5 m. 316 days after planting (DAP), NSC of genotypes grown in full sun varied from 18.3 (H. bihai cultivar 'Kamehameha') to 57.0 (H. psittacorum cultivar 'Red Opal'), splitting in three distinct classes (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05). For genotypes grown in partial shade, NSC varied from 11.7 (H. bihai cultivar 'Nappi Yellow') to 43.7 (H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cultivar 'Golden Torch'), splitting also in three distinct classes (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05). It was observed that short heliconia genotypes, as the cultivars and hybrids of H. psittacorum, have a larger number of shoots than tall heliconia genotypes, in both planting conditions. Results from the APC, measured 304 DAP, showed that among the genotypes grown in full sun, H. psittacorum cultivar 'Red Opal' occupied half of the plot area (11.387 cm²) while genotype Heliconia x nickeriensis occupied an area larger than the plot area (22.541 cm²). The genotype H. orthotricha presented the smallest APC (725 cm²). In shaded condition APC varied from 750 cm² (H. bihai 'Nappi Yellow') to 10.201 cm² (H. stricta 'Fire Bird'). The evaluation of these traits during the first 316 DAP allowed us to conclude that a single plant spacing for different heliconia genotypes is inappropriate and can lead to future problems in plant management.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação e concordância entre medidas ecocardiográficas das dimensões cardíacas, obtidas através do aplicativo Echo off-line (programa para obtenção de medidas de imagens digitalizadas em estação de trabalho dedicada), com as realizadas convencionalmente. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, contemporâneo, sendo randomizados 56 pacientes. Através do programa Echo off-line foram mensuradas as medidas ao modo M e 2D ao nível dos ventrículos, do átrio esquerdo e da aorta. Estas medidas foram comparadas às realizadas por outro profissional, através do teste de correlação de Pearson (r), com alfa crítico de 0,05 e pela análise de concordância (Bland e Altman). RESULTADOS: As mensurações realizadas no sistema Echo off-line demonstraram r de 0,85 a 0,98. A análise de concordância mostrou que, para a maioria das medidas, a diferença média entre os métodos foi aproximadamente zero. A variação de valores absolutos não apresentou, em média, significância clínica. O aplicativo Echo off-line permite uma redução de, aproximadamente, 30% no tempo para realização das medidas. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho demonstrou a acurácia do programa Echo off-line para mensurar as dimensões cardíacas em estação de trabalho dedicada, podendo ser utilizado rotineiramente nos laboratórios de ecocardiografia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation and concordance between the measurements of echocardiographic analysis of cardiac dimensions obtained through the Echo off-line applicative (software for obtaining digitized image measurements in a dedicated workstation) available to public domain, and those obtained through the conventional method. METHOD: Transversal contemporary study, of 56 randomized patients whose images were obtained during examina-tions. The measurements of the M mode and 2D, were done in the ventricles, left atrium, and aorta by the Echo off-line program. These measurements were compared to those obtained by another professional, through Pearson's correlation test (r), alpha = 0.05 and by concordance analysis (Bland and Altman). RESULT: The measurements carried out by the Echo off-line system showed r that varied from 0.85 to 0.98. The analysis of concordance showed that for most measu-rements, the mean difference between the methods was approximately zero. The variation of absolute values did not show, in average, a clinical significance. The Echo off-line applicative allows a reduction of approximately 30% in the time spent to obtain the measurements. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the accuracy of the Echo off-line program to measure cardiac dimensions in a dedicated workstation, showing that it can be routinely used in echocardiography labs.