Abstract Paper aims This study identified the main aspects related to deservitization in manufacturing firms, a process involving the dilution of services after their integration into companies’ business models. Originality The deservitization process has been identified as a movement among manufacturing companies, but so far, there is limited understanding of its characteristics. The paper contributes to the existing literature by identifying the main aspects related to the dilution of once-added services by manufacturing firms. Research method A literature review was conducted. A content analysis of the selected papers (89 publications) was carried out to identify the main challenges discussed in the servitization literature as issues leading to deservitization. Main findings The explanations for manufacturing firms failing in the transition to servitization and consequently taking the deservitization path discussed in the literature are related to changes in the organizational structure, new capabilities, modification of the business model and strategy, and difficulties in the interaction between supplier and customer. Implications for theory and practice Deservitization is a complex phenomenon, and little is known about it, especially when compared to the existing body of knowledge on servitization. The paper thus extends the knowledge on the conditions leading to deservitization in manufacturing firms.

Abstract: This research describes the most prolific scientific journals in Engineering indexed in the Web of Science. It is a qualitative and quantitative analysis and adopts Bradford's law applied to bibliometrics, that was applied as a methodological choice, which enabled the systematic comparison between the units of impact factor analysis of the Journal Citation Reports and SCImago Journal Rank, Qualis CAPES, Publishers, and types of access. The data were gathered in the main collection of the Web of Science database in the 2013-2018 time frame. As a result, 1,037 journals were identified, of which 29 are the core journals that correspond to 7,333 of the retrieved articles. When comparing Qualis CAPES, JCR, and SJR, the data show that the highest impact factor is not reflected in Qualis CAPES. Subscription journals controlled by that are affiliated to commercial publishers predominate, Elsevier is the one with the highest number of titles (48.3%) and articles (3,268). This work concludes that researchers in Engineering affiliated to Brazilian institutions direct their articles to subscription scientific journals classified within A1 category in Qualis Periódicos, regardless of the impact factor.

Resumo Esta pesquisa visa caracterizar os periódicos científicos mais relevantes na área das Engenharias indexados na Web of Science. Trata-se de uma análise quali-quantitativa e utiliza a lei de Bradford aplicada à bibliometria, que possibilitou a comparação entre as unidades de análises fator de impacto da Journal Citation Reports e SCImago Journal Rank, Qualis CAPES, Publishers e tipos de acesso. Os dados foram coletados na coleção principal da base de dados Web of Science no recorte temporal de 2013 a 2018. Como resultados, foram identificados 1.037 periódicos, dos quais 29 são os títulos de núcleo que correspondem a 7.333 dos artigos recuperados. Os periódicos de subscrição predominam, vinculados às grandes editoras comerciais, das quais a Elsevier é a que possui maior número de títulos (48,3%) e de artigos (3.268). Conclui que os pesquisadores da área das Engenharias com vínculo institucional brasileiro direcionam seus artigos para periódicos científicos por subscrição classificados com estrato A1 no Qualis Periódicos, independentemente do fator de impacto.

Abstract Paper aims This paper addresses difficulties among the Brazilian scholarly community in industrial engineering (IE) when conducting case-based research. It also provides further recommendations to increase methodological rigour. Originality The paper contributes to the practice of case research by providing a historical perspective of research methodology in Brazil and offering guidance to improve case research adoption as well as the methodological rigour. Research method The main challenges when conducting case research were first identified through a literature review. Then, an exploratory survey with Brazilian scholars was conducted to identify challenges perceived by those. Recommendations are then provided, especially regarding the data analysis stage. The recommendations are discussed in the light of the existing literature and based on authors’ experience in conducting qualitative research. Main findings Difficulties when conducting case research identified by scholars can be classified in three ‘Aquila’s hells’: (i) weak theoretical background, (ii) careless case study design/planning; and (iii) fragile/uncertain data analysis. Suggestions to improve the data analysis process consist of building a narrative, data reduction, improving coding, etc. Improving validity is also necessary. Implications for theory and practice The recommendations are especially meaningful to early-stage researchers and provide guidance to improve robustness when conducting case research. IE (IE casebased rigour review Then those provided stage authors ‘Aquilas Aquilas ‘Aquila s Aquila hells hells’ i (i background ii (ii design/planning designplanning design planning iii (iii fragileuncertain fragile uncertain narrative reduction coding etc necessary earlystage early

Abstract Paper aims This study identifies fundamental characteristics for developing a paper-based thesis (PBT), providing some recommendations to researchers who decide for this academic research report. Originality This paper contributes to the literature by providing guidance to develop PBTs, which has been attracting researchers' interest because it demonstrates publication capacity and potential as a researcher. Additionally, it is still not entirely clear which issues and countermeasures researchers should address when choosing the paper-based structure. Research method The authors searched for articles of PBTs already published, institutional documents (e.g., regulations for conducting PBTs in Brazil and abroad) and journal papers concerning this subject. A content and document analysis were conducted in the papers and PBT internal regulations, respectively. Main findings Results indicate five main factors that impact the success of a PBT approach: (i) the initial planning for this academic model; (ii) alignment between the articles and the thesis/dissertation; (iii) research design construction; (iv) copyrights requirements; and (v) issues regarding co-authorship. Based on that, the study also builds some guidelines to structure a robust PBT. Implications for theory and practice Our recommendations might be meaningful to scholars and researchers bring more theoretical, empirical, and structural robustness when developing a PBT final document.

Abstract Paper aims Although many researchers have identified important factors for project success, there is no consensus with regard to all the factors that influence project success. This work aims to assess organizational factors that influence project success in automotive firms. Originality Few studies have analyzed the integrated relationship between organizational factors and project success. Research method The study carries out a quantitative survey on a sample of 72 companies. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis. Main findings The results show that the variable that most influences project success is ‘organizational culture’, followed by ‘change management’, and ‘top management support’. The results also indicate that a culture of flexibility and a climate that supports innovation tend to positively influence project performance. Implications for theory and practice The findings suggest that it is relevant to focus attention on human resource development, empowerment, and teamwork within the context of project management.

Resumo: A modularidade é uma estratégia adotada por diversos setores industriais, seja no desenvolvimento de produtos, seja na configuração produtiva industrial. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetiva investigar os principais elementos da modularidade de projeto e de produção, tendo também como finalidade formular uma proposta para avaliação do grau de modularidade nessas duas categorias, especificamente no contexto da indústria automotiva brasileira, bem como aplicar a proposta a um conjunto de projetos com participação da engenharia brasileira. Para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, foram extraídos da literatura cinco elementos conceituais da modularidade de projeto e outros quatro relacionados à modularidade de produção, a serem analisados nos projetos selecionados. Como resultado principal, é apresentada uma matriz de classificação resultante da análise de seis projetos de automóveis desenvolvidos nos últimos anos, tendo como resultados o projeto do Palio com maior grau de modularidade de projeto e a planta da GM de Gravataí como o caso de maior modularidade de produção, segundo a proposta utilizada.

Abstract Modularity is a strategy adopted by many industrial sectors, either in product development or in industrial production configuration. In this sense, this paper investigates the key elements of modularity in design and production, seeking to formulate a proposal aimed to assess and compare the degree of modularity specifically in the context of the Brazilian automotive industry. The comparison was done considering vehicles developed with the participation of Brazilian engineering centre. Five key conceptual elements of modularity in design and four other elements of modular production were extracted from the literature and applied in the selected units of analysis. As a main result, we developed a categorization matrix for analyzing the modular degree of six vehicles. Fiat Palio’s design was considered as the highest degree of modularity in design and the GM plant at Gravataí (Celta) as the more typical modular organization within the studies vehicles and respective assemblers, based on the applied methodology.

Abstract Product development is considered as an interdisciplinary undergraduate course with a central role in engineering education. In this sense, this paper demonstrates an experience of a product development undergraduate course based on a project-based learning (PBL) perspective. PBL has been discussed in the literature as one of the most effective teaching frameworks for engineering courses, but there is still scarce research on PBL implementation in engineering education in developing countries. The course scope was reviewed to include engineering management content and to face some barriers for PBL implementation highlighted in the literature. The student activities were organized in four development phases following a structured stage-gate development process. The results achieved include a higher level of learning perception and increased complexity of products generated by students. Besides demonstrating the improvements in the course, this paper contributes to PBL empirical body of knowledge by exploring a successful initiative and its outcomes.

Abstract The interest in improving the quality of engineering education is widely deemed. Due to an increasingly worldwide competition, Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been a relevant subject among industrial engineering graduate programs. Despite the advances in teaching LM principles and techniques, the practical character inherent to LM undermines learning and development of students. In this sense, this study aims at demonstrating a proposal to enhance LM learning in an industrial engineering program. It is a blended proposal that combines traditional teaching methods to problem-based learning (PBL) approach based on real problems of companies undergoing a lean implementation. A first phase of the proposal introduction is illustrated with an example of introducing it in a Brazilian federal university. The findings indicate that PBL may be an effective complementary method for LM learning, especially if graduate students are exposed to real problems in companies that are undergoing a lean implementation and related it to the current body of literature.

Abstract Product-service systems (PSS) design raises new issues, among which the need of encompassing a life cycle perspective. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for PSS characterization through its life cycle. The purpose is to understand the structure, the sequence, and the main characteristics of PSS life cycle phases, characterizing a PSS process model. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify the PSS life cycle phases and the conceptual elements that characterize each phase. The PSS life cycle was structured based on service life cycle from the customer perspective. Afterwards, the conceptual framework was built for PSS characterization considering business model, engineering and design aspects that may be useful to guide PSS solutions development. The paper aims to make a theoretical contribution by understanding what should be done and how to perform the activities during PSS life cycle at a systemic level.

Resumo A gestão de portfólio de produtos é um dos processos responsáveis por manter a posição competitiva das organizações, alocar adequadamente os recursos de desenvolvimento e assegurar maior objetividade e eficácia na seleção dos projetos de novos produtos. Assim sendo, empresas de diversos setores industriais vêm estruturando seus processos de gestão de portfólio no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma proposta de seleção e priorização de projetos de novos produtos voltada para uma empresa fabricante de produtos têxteis. Com base em um diagnóstico inicial para identificar oportunidades de melhoria na gestão de portfólio de produtos, é feita uma proposta baseada em critérios tais como: importância estratégica, margem de contribuição, volume de venda previsto, dentre outros. A proposta foi então confrontada com dados históricos advindos de situação real, onde constataram-se alterações significativas na priorização dos produtos a serem desenvolvidos, devido a alguns fatores, dentre os quais os principais foram o superdimensionamento das margens de contribuição e dos volumes de venda. Por meio da comparação na aplicação da proposta, conclui-se que esta possibilita que a seleção e priorização de produtos a serem desenvolvidos pela empresa ocorram de forma mais bem estruturada e criteriosa.

Abstract Product portfolio management is responsible for maintaining the competitive position of an organization, properly allocating resources for new product development, and assuring greater objectivity and effectiveness in the selection of new products. Companies in various industries have structured their portfolio management processes with these goals in mind when developing new products. In this context, this paper develops a proposal for selecting and prioritizing projects for new products for a manufacturer of textile products. After an initial assessment that identified opportunities for improvement in product portfolio management, the proposal was constructed based on criteria such as strategic importance, contribution margins, and sales volume forecasts. The proposal was then compared with historical data. It was found that significant changes were necessary in the prioritization of products to be developed due to factors such as the over-dimensioning of contribution margins and sales volumes. The proposal allows for a better structured process of the selection and prioritization of products to be developed while achieving a more rigorous selection process.

Resumo A gestão da qualidade em serviços tem sido um tema frequentemente abordado como fator de diferenciação para as organizações nos dias atuais. Aliado a esse fato, os serviços de manutenção de utilidades são fundamentais para o funcionamento e desempenho adequado da infraestrutura das empresas. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar, mensurar e analisar a percepção da qualidade dos usuários de serviços internos de manutenção de utilidades em uma empresa de manufatura, líder em seu mercado de atuação. Por meio da elaboração de um questionário estruturado considerando o método SERVQUAL, foram coletados dados de forma não probabilística junto aos usuários. Para os dados coletados foi utilizada a análise com base no alfa de Cronbach, bem como o teste-t, buscando-se verificar a consistência e confiabilidade do instrumento. Os resultados indicaram diferenças entre expectativa e percepção dos usuários na maioria dos fatores analisados, sendo tais gaps discutidos no presente trabalho.

Abstract Service quality management is currently a subject that companies frequently consider as a differentiated factor. Maintenance services are essential to the suitable operation and performance of the internal services maintenance of a manufacturing company that is a market leader. Non-probabilistic data were collected from service users with an instrument based on the SERVQUAL scale. Cronbach alpha and t-test were used to verify the consistency and reliability of the instrument. The results highlighted differences between the performance and expectations of users regarding the most analyzed factors; discrepancies are subsequently discussed in the paper.

O front end da inovação é o primeiro subprocesso do processo da inovação. Esse subprocesso reúne as atividades realizadas antes da proposição e aprovação de um conceito a ser desenvolvido e implementado. Uma vez que as organizações podem se beneficiar substancialmente da otimização e melhoria do front end da inovação, e que esse ainda tem recebido pouca atenção, tanto da academia quanto das organizações, justifica-se a importância de estudos que busquem a compreensão e a organização desse corpo da literatura, auxiliando assim na evolução dos conceitos teóricos, bem como o preenchimento das lacunas de pesquisa ainda existentes. Nesse sentido, este artigo relata os resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi, a partir de levantamento e análise da literatura relativa ao front end da inovação e, em especial, dos modelos desse subprocesso, propor um conjunto de pressupostos como base para o desenvolvimento teórico e empírico do tema. Com o levantamento, realizado em quatro bases de dados eletrônicas, foram identificados 268 trabalhos, dos quais oito apresentam modelos de front end da inovação considerados relevantes para análise. Esses modelos são comparados com base em alguns critérios de análise de conteúdo dos artigos. A partir dessa análise, também são sugeridas perspectivas de pesquisa, bem como pontos que necessitam de aprofundamento teórico são identificados.

The front end of innovation is the first sub-process of the innovation process. This sub-process includes the activities performed before the proposal and the adoption of a concept to be developed and implemented. This area has received little attention from academia and organizations; therefore, because organizations can substantially benefit from the optimization and improvement of the front end of innovation, the importance of studies that seek to understand the organization of this body of literature is justified. Thus, this paper aids in the development of theoretical concepts and fills the gaps observed in the existing research. In this sense, this paper reports the results of a study based on a survey and analyzes the literature related to the front end of innovation and, in particular, of this sub-process model. It also proposes a set of assumptions as the basis for the theoretical and empirical development of the subject. After a literature search was conducted in four electronic databases, 268 publications were identified, of which eight included front end of innovation models that were considered relevant for analysis. These models are compared based on some content analysis criteria of the articles. From this analysis, research perspectives are suggested, and points that require theoretical approaches are identified.

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um mapeamento e classificação da literatura, bem como uma análise bibliométrica sobre os conceitos Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), Product Development Process(PDP), Environmental Sustainability (ES) e suas interfaces. As publicações de interesse foram localizadas por meio de consultas na base de dados de periódicos da ISI Web of Knowledge, por meio do portal da CAPES, considerando publicações entre 2006 e 2010. Os resultados indicam que os trabalhos são publicados em uma gama variada de periódicos e congressos e que a maioria das publicações analisadas utiliza como abordagem metodológica o estudo de caso, mas também existe uma grande proporção de trabalhos teórico-conceituais. Quanto à natureza dos dados verificou-se que a abordagem qualitativa tem sido mais adotada e é praticamente predominante a condução de estudos descritivos. Em síntese, os trabalhos analisados incorporam o conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental e PLM no PDP e são mais aplicados em empresas, cadeia de suprimentos e desenvolvimento de software. De modo geral, os trabalhos analisados enfatizam a melhoria da gestão do PDP, o aumento do desempenho e a integração de informações de diferentes áreas e sistemas. A literatura converge para a inserção dos conceitos de sustentabilidade ambiental e PLM nas atuais práticas do PDP.

The aim of this paper is to present a bibliometric analysis and classification of the literature on the concepts Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), New Product Development (NPD), Environmental Sustainability (ES) and their interfaces. The ISI Web of Knowledge database was accessed, as was the CAPES Brazilian portal, which is linked to various databases. The analysis considers publications between 2006 and 2010. The results show that papers are published in a dispersed way in different journals. The majority of the papers adopt case studies as a methodological research approach, but there are also many theoretical-based papers. Concerning the nature of the data, qualitative approaches are more commonly used than are quantitative ones, and most papers consider descriptive studies. One of the reasons that qualitative approaches are used more frequently may be that these concepts are not well consolidated in the literature. The examined publications incorporated the concept of ES and PLM in NPD and are more extensively applied in industries, supply chain and software development. In general, the publications emphasize PDP improvement, performance assessment and the integration of information from different areas. Finally, the article concludes that the literature converges to an integration of the concepts of environmental sustainability and PLM within the current practices of NPD.

RESUMO Objetivo: Esse ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a distinção entre métodos de pesquisa típicos na gestão de operações (estudo de caso e pesquisa-ação) com a design science research. Método: O artigo adota uma abordagem metodológica teórico-conceitual, fundamentada em ampla revisão da literatura. A revisão da literatura se concentrou em trabalhos que discutem a utilização do Estudo de Caso, da Pesquisa-Ação e da Design Science/Design Science Research. Fundamentação teórica: Esse ensaio explicita as bases do Estudo de Caso e da Pesquisa-Ação. Em virtude de sua utilização recente como método de pesquisa, a Design Science Research é apresentada em maior profundidade. Resultados: Primeiro, é realizada uma apresentação da design science e da design science research como paradigma e método de pesquisa, respectivamente, no campo da gestão; segundo, a distinção entre as Ciências Naturais, Ciências Sociais e a Design Science; terceiro, uma análise comparativa entre os métodos de pesquisa Estudo de Caso, Pesquisa-Ação e Design Science Research; por fim, um conjunto de sugestões para pesquisas futuras no que tange à utilização de métodos de pesquisa na área de gestão, em geral, e de gestão de operações, em particular. Contribuições: As principais contribuições desse ensaio se concentram na reflexão sobre os métodos de pesquisa utilizados na área de gestão. Uma contribuição importante é a ampliação do repertório de métodos de pesquisa pela compreensão e utilização da design science research. A utilização desse método de pesquisa pode contribuir para a redução do distanciamento entre rigor e relevância que tem sido caracterizado por diversos autores.

ABSTRACT Objective: This paper aims at analyzing the difference between research methods that are typical in operations management (case study and action research) with design science research. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts a theoretical-conceptual methodological approach, based on an extensive literature review. The literature review focused on studies that discuss the use of Case Study, Action Research and Design Science/Design Science Research. Theoretical framework: This paper reveals the foundations of Case Study and Action Research. Due to its recent use as a research method, Design Science Research is presented in greater depth. Findings: Firstly, we present design science and design science research as paradigms and as research methods, respectively, in the field of management. Secondly, we present the difference between Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Design Science. Thirdly, we carry out comparative analysis of research methods Case Study, Action Research and Design Science Research. Finally, we offer a set of suggestions for future research regarding the use of research methods in management, in general, and in operations management, in particular. Contributions: The main contributions of this paper focus on reflecting about research methods used in the management field. An important contribution is expanding the repertoire of research methods for understanding and using Design Science Research. The use of this method can contribute to reduce the distance between rigor and relevance, which has been described by several authors.

A literatura atual identifica uma tendência de descentralização no desenvolvimento de novos produtos em âmbito global. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a descentralização no desenvolvimento global de produtos (DGP) em uma montadora automotiva. Os fatores que favorecem a descentralização do DGP são considerados como variáveis na investigação, bem como as suas causas. Dada a natureza dos dados (qualitativos), a relevância do contexto (setor automotivo) e o propósito da pesquisa, a abordagem metodológica de estudo de caso é adotada, conduzida em uma montadora de veículos comerciais na unidade no Brasil e na matriz no exterior. Os resultados indicam que a organização investigada reage de maneira similar a outros setores econômicos (como, por exemplo, o setor de telecomunicações), quando se depara com a decisão de descentralização do DGP. O interesse no mercado local e aspectos históricos da evolução da subsidiária brasileira mostraram-se relevantes. Identificou-se também que o produto modular influencia no processo de descentralização do DGP, contraditoriamente a estudos anteriores. A partir desses resultados, é então feita uma proposta de associação entre o tipo de estrutura de DGP e a utilização de projeto modular.

The current literature identifies a trend of decentralization on new product development (NPD) at global level. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the decentralization of global product development (GPD) in an assembler from the commercial vehicles industrial sector. The factors that contribute to decentralization of GPD are considered as variables in this investigation, as well as their causes. Given the nature of data (qualitative), context relevance (automotive sector), and research purpose, base-based research was adopted as the methodological approach. The study was conducted in an assembler in Brazil and in its headquarter in Germany. The results indicate that the organization reacts similarly to other economic industrial sectors (e.g. telecommunications) when facing the decision of decentralizing GPD. The interest of the local market and historical aspects of the evolution of the subsidiary were found to be relevant. It was also identified that modular design influences the process of decentralizing, contradictory to other studies. From these results, a proposal associated to the type of structure for GPD and adoption of modular design is made.