Aim To evaluate the marginal fit of protocol bars milled from digital models obtained by conventional molding followed by bench scanning or digital molding with an intraoral scanner. Methods Four morse-cone implants and the mini-pillars were installed in a 3D printed mandible model (master model). Digital models of the master model were obtained by (n=10): (Group A - Conventional) conventional (analog) molding of the master model followed by bench scanning or (Group B - Digital) molding of the master model with an intraoral scanner. All-on-four protocol bars were designed and milled from the digital models for both groups and screwed into the master model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the distal, central, and mesial regions of each implant were obtained and the implant-protocol bar marginal fit was measured in an image software (Image J). The mean misfit of each region was analyzed by two-factor ANOVA, Tukey test, and Student’s t-test (0,05 = 0.05). Results The digital approach (B) showed higher misadaptation than the conventional approach (A, p < 0.05), regardless of the region evaluated. In group A, the central region showed higher maladjustment than the mesial region (p<0.05), however, there were no differences among regions of group B (p>0.05). Conclusion The conventional method of acquiring digital models using the bench scanner produced bars for the All-On-Four protocol with better marginal fit than the digital models obtained with an intraoral scanner.

Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy that accounts for about 1.8% of all breast cancer cases. In contrast to the high number of the “omics” studies in breast cancer in women, only recently molecular approaches have been performed in MBC research. High-throughput proteomics based methodologies are promisor strategies to characterize the MBC proteomic signatures and their association with clinico-pathological parameters. In this study, the label-free quantification-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approaches were applied to analyze the proteomic profiling of a MBC case using the primary breast tumor and the corresponding axillary metastatic lymph nodes and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. The differentially expressed proteins were identified in the signaling pathways of granzyme B, sirtuins, eIF2, actin cytoskeleton, eNOS, acute phase response and calcium and were connected to the upstream regulators MYC, PI3K SMARCA4 and cancer-related chemical drugs. An additional proteomic comparative analysis was performed with a primary breast tumor of a female patient and revealed an interesting set of proteins, which were mainly involved in cancer biology. Together, our data provide a relevant data source for the MBC research that can help the therapeutic strategies for its management.

Resumo Introdução: O metaborreflexo, ativado pelo acúmulo de metabólitos durante o exercício, ocasiona vasoconstrição periférica, resultando em elevação da pressão arterial. Indivíduos obesos apresentam redução da endurance muscular inspiratória, sugerindo um acúmulo precoce de metabólitos e, consequentemente, alterações no metaborreflexo inspiratório. Objetivo: Comparar as respostas hemodinâmicas mediadas pelo metaborreflexo inspiratório em indivíduos obesos e em eutróficos. Método: Participaram do estudo vinte indivíduos obesos (31 ± 6 anos, dez homens, 37,5 ± 4,7 kg/m 2 ) e vinte eutróficos (29 ± 8 anos, dez homens, 23,2 ± 1,5 kg/m 2 ) submetidos a avaliação da força muscular respiratória através de manovacuometria. O metaborreflexo inspiratório foi induzido através de exercício resistido a 60% da pressão inspiratória máxima mantido até a exaustão. O protocolo controle consistiu na respiração sem resistência inspiratória (zero cmH 2 O) mantida durante 30 minutos. A pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca foram mensuradas ao longo dos protocolos, realizados em dias distintos e em ordem randomizada. Resultados: O protocolo de indução do metaborreflexo inspiratório induziu aumento das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média, bem como da frequência cardíaca semelhante em indivíduos obesos e eutróficos. Conforme esperado, no protocolo controle as variáveis hemodinâmicas permaneceram inalteradas. Conclusão: A força muscular inspiratória não variou (p = 0,814) entre indivíduos obesos e eutróficos. Este estudo sugere que indivíduos obesos apresentam respostas hemodinâmicas, induzidas pelo metaborreflexo inspiratório, semelhantes aos indivíduos eutróficos.

Abstract Introduction: Metaboreflex, activated by the accumulation of metabolites during exercise, leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing the blood pressure. Obese individuals have decreased inspiratory muscle endurance, which suggests an early accumulation of metabolites and, consequently, alterations in inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses mediated by the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in obese and eutrophic individuals. Method: Twenty obese (31 ± 6 years old, ten males, 37.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and twenty eutrophic individuals (29 ± 8 years old, ten males, 23.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were included in this study and submitted to respiratory muscle strength evaluation through manovacuometry. Inspiratory muscle metaboreflex was induced by resistive exercise at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure sustained until exhaustion. The control protocol consisted of breathing without inspiratory resistance (zero cmH2O) sustained for 30 minutes. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured throughout the protocols, on different days and in a randomized order. Results: The inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation induction protocol led to a similar increase in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, as well as heart rate in obese and eutrophic individuals. As expected, the hemodynamic variables remained unaltered in the control protocol. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle strength did not differ (p = 0.814) between obese and eutrophic individuals. This study suggests that obese individuals present hemodynamic responses induced by the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex, similar to eutrophic individuals.

Resumen Introducción: El metaborreflejo, activado por el acúmulo de metabolitos durante el ejercicio, lleva a la vaso constricción periférica resultando en aumento de la presión arterial. Individuos obesos presentan menor resistencia muscular inspiratoria, lo que sugiere un acúmulo precoz de metabolitos y, consecuentemente, alteraciones en el metaborreflejo inspiratorio. Objetivo: Comparar las respuestas hemodinámicas mediadas por el metaborreflejo inspiratorio en individuos obesos y eutróficos. Método: Se incluyeron en este estudio veinte individuos obesos (31 ± 6 años, 10 hombres, 37,5 ± 4,7 kg/m2) y veinte individuos eutróficos (29 ± 8 años, 10 hombres, 23,2 ± 1,5 kg/m 2 ), los cuales se sometieron a evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria mediante manovacuometría. El metaborreflejo inspiratorio se indujo mediante ejercicio resistido al 60% de la presión inspiratoria máxima sostenida hasta el agotamiento. El protocolo de control consistió en respirar sin resistencia inspiratoria (cero cmH 2 O) mantenida durante 30 minutos. La presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca se midieron a lo largo de los protocolos, que se realizaron en días diferentes y en orden aleatorio. Resultados: El protocolo de inducción del metaborreflejo inspiratorio llevó a un aumento similar en las presiones sistólica, diastólica y media, así como a la frecuencia cardíaca en individuos obesos y eutróficos. Como esperado, las variables hemodinámicas permanecieron inalterables en el protocolo de control. Conclusión: La fuerza muscular inspiratoria no difirió (p = 0,814) entre individuos obesos y eutróficos, lo que apunta que los individuos obesos presentan respuestas hemodinámicas inducidas por el metaborreflejo inspiratorio similares a los individuos eutróficos.

Os processos de oxidação avançada (POAs) têm surgido como métodos eficazes para o tratamento terciário de efluentes industriais porque eles são capazes de destruir os poluentes e não apenas transferí-los de uma fase para outra como ocorre nos processos terciários convencionais aplicados em indústrias frigoríficas. O processo biológico, tratamento principal utilizado para efluentes frigoríficos, é limitado à degradação de substâncias biodegradáveis e que não são tóxicas para a cultura biológica. A utilização de um processo integrado Fenton-Coagulação para o tratamento terciário desses efluentes aparece como uma alternativa promissora e, portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar as condições operacionais do processo proposto para o tratamento terciário de efluente frigorífico. As variáveis investigadas foram a razão [Fe+2\/[H2O2\ e pHCOAGULAÇÃO. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em triplicata de acordo com um delineamento central composto rotacional (DCCR) 22, com três pontos centrais e quatro pontos axiais, que totalizou 11 ensaios. A eficiência do processo proposto foi determinada em cada ensaio experimental em função da eficiência de remoção da demanda química de oxigênio (DQO). Na faixa investigada, as condições operacionais definidas foram razão [Fe+2\/[H2O2\ de 0,800 e o pHCOAGULAÇÃO de 5,50. O estudo revelou que o processo integrado Fenton-Coagulação proposto conduzido nas condições definidas alcançou uma eficiência de remoção de DQO superior a 71%, e pode, portanto, ser usado para o tratamento terciário de efluente frigorífico com o objetivo de degradação de matéria orgânica recalcitrante (não biodegradável).

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) appear to be effective methods for tertiary wastewater treatment because they are able to destroy pollutants and not only transfer them from one phase to another without destroying them as is the case with conventional tertiary processes applied in the slaughterhouse industries. Biological processes are the main slaughterhouse wastewater treatments applied, but this process is limited to the degradation of biodegradable substances which are not toxic to the biological culture. The Fenton Coagulation integrated process may be a promising alternative for slaughterhouse tertiary treatment. This study evaluated the operational conditions for the proposed integrated process application to slaughterhouse wastewater tertiary treatment. Investigated parameters were [Fe+2\/[H2O2\ ratio and pHCOAGULATION. The experiments were conducted in triplicate according to the rotational central composite design (RCCD) 22, with three center points and four axial points, totaling 11 experiments. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was the parameter used to evaluate efficiency in each assay. The operational conditions defined in the range investigated were [Fe+2\/[H2O2\ ratio equal to 0.800 and pHCOAGULATION of 5.50. The study revealed that the proposed Fenton-Coagulation process performed within the defined conditions promoted a COD removal efficiency of 71% and, thus, may be used to degrade recalcitrant (non-biodegradable) organic matter during slaughterhouse wastewater tertiary treatment.

The mandible condylar process cartilage (CP) of Wistar rats is a secondary cartilage and acts as a mandibular growth site. This phenomenon depends on adequate proteins intake and hormone actions, including insulin.ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the morphological aspects and the expression of the insulin receptor (IR) in the cartilage of the condylar process (CP) of rats subjected to protein undernourishment.Material and MethodsThe nourished group received a 20% casein diet, while the undernourished group (U) received a 5% casein diet. The re-nourished groups, R and RR, were used to assess the effects of re-nutrition during puberty and adulthood, respectively. CPs were processed and stained with picro-sirius red, safranin-O and azocarmine. Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were also performed.ResultsThe area of the CP cartilage and the number of cells in the chondroblastic layer decreased in the U group, as did the thickness of the CP layer in the joint and hypertrophic layer. Renourishment during the pubertal stage, but not during the adult phase, restored these parameters. The cell number was restored when re-nutrition occurred in the pubertal stage, but not in the adult phase. The extracellular matrix also decreased in the U group, but was restored by re-nutrition during the pubertal stage and further increased in the adult phase. IR expression was observed in all CPs, being higher in the chondroblastic and hypertrophic cartilage layers. The lowest expression was found in the U and RR groups.ConclusionsProtein malnutrition altered the cellularity, the area, and the fibrous cartilage complex, as well as the expression of the IRs.

Erythrina verna is a medicinal plant used to calm agitation popularly known as mulungu. We purchased the barks of E. verna from a commercial producer and analyzed the alkaloid fraction of the bark by CG-MS and HRESI-MS. Five erythrinian alkaloids were identified: erysotrine, erythratidine, erythratidinone, epimer, and 11-hydroxieritratidinone. Here we report the compound 11-hydroxieritratidinone for the first time as a natural product.