The liquid product of the pyrolysis of biomass is a mixture of an organic phase and other aqueous, being the last one rich in phenol monomers which can be used in industrial chemistry as input for plastic and resin production. This work aimed to develop a method for extracting phenols present in the aqueous fraction obtained from the pyrolysis of guava seeds, using ultrasonic assisted liquid-liquid extraction (UALLE) with ethyl acetate and ionic liquids (ILs) as co-solvents (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (BMIM.NTF2) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM.PF6)). The percentage IL, ultrasonic bath potency, temperature, and pH were studied. Quantification of twelve phenol monomers was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the total phenol concentration (TPC) was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The ionic liquid BMIM.NTF2 was more efficient for phenol extraction than BMIM.PF6. The phenolic extractions were influenced by the pH of the aqueous fraction (higher extraction yields at pH ≤ 7), and thus, presented recoveries above 80% for both ionic liquids.

Here, we report a case of Ludwig's angina, which required surgery because of toothache. The patient had dengue and severe thrombocytopenia as confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnoses. However, dengue is not included among the predisposing factors for Ludwig's angina.

El aumento de la longevidad ha conducido a un crecimiento del número de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, progresivas e incurables, por lo que a cualquier institución que reciba a dichos pacientes le cabe la responsabilidad de proporcionarles los cuidados paliativos adecuados. Objetivos: identificar los síntomas percibidos por los pacientes sin perspectivas de cura, ingresados en los servicios de medicina de un hospital de agudos; analizar su evolución entre el primer y el sexto día de ingreso; y analizar el efecto de las estrategias implementadas en la intensidad de los síntomas percibidos por los pacientes. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo - analítico y longitudinal. La muestra consistió en 150 pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades crónicas. Resultados: de los nueve síntomas de la ESAS, la ansiedad (=5,75; SD=3,25), la depresión (= 5,74; SD=3,13), y la fatiga (=5,64; SD=3,01) fueron los síntomas que registraron una media de intensidad más alta; respecto a la falta de aire (=3,13; SD=3,23) y las náuseas (=1,60; SD=3,08) presentaron valores medios más bajos. Entre el primer al segundo tiempo de evaluación hubo una disminución de la intensidad de todos los síntomas estudiados, con una diferencia significativa para los síntomas de dolor, apetito y falta de aire (p=0,001). Conclusión: todos los pacientes estudiados presentaron descontrol sintomático, el cual se mantuvo a lo largo de la hospitalización, pese a que la intensidad de los síntomas haya disminuido ligeramente.

O aumento da longevidade conduziu ao crescimento do número de doentes portadores de doença crónica, progressiva e incurável, pelo que todas as instituições que acolhem estes doentes têm a responsabilidade de proporcionar adequados cuidados paliativos. Objetivos: identificar os sintomas percecionados pelos doentes sem perspetiva de cura, internados nos serviços de medicina de um hospital de agudos; analisar a sua evolução, entre o primeiro e o sexto dia de internamento; e analisar o efeito das estratégias implementadas na intensidade dos sintomas percecionados pelos doentes. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo - analítico e longitudinal. Amostra constituída por 150 doentes internados portadores de doença crónica. Resultados: dos nove sintomas da ESAS, a ansiedade (=5,75; SD=3,25), a depressão (= 5,74; SD=3,13) e o cansaço (=5,64; SD=3,01) foram os sintomas que registaram médias de intensidade mais elevada, enquanto a falta de ar (=3,13; SD=3,23) e a náusea (=1,60; SD=3,08) apresentavam valores médios mais baixos. Do primeiro para o segundo tempo de avaliação verificou-se uma diminuição da intensidade de todos os sintomas estudados, sendo a diferença significativa para os sintomas dor, apetite e falta de ar (p=0,001). Conclusão: todos os doentes estudados apresentaram descontrolo sintomático, o qual se manteve ao longo do internamento, embora a intensidade dos sintomas diminuísse ligeiramente.

Life expectancy increase has led to a rise in the number of patients with chronic, progressive and incurable disease; hence every institution that receives this kind of patient has the responsibility to give appropriate palliative care. Objectives: to identify the symptoms perceived by patients without a possibility of cure, hospitalized in an acute hospital’s internal medicine service; to evaluate these symptoms’ progression, between the first and sixth day of hospitalization; and to evaluate the effect of the implemented strategies on the intensity of the symptoms perceived by patients. Methods: this is a quantitative, descriptive-analytical and longitudinal study. The sample is constituted by 150 hospitalized patients with chronic diseases. Results: of the nine ESAS symptoms, anxiety (=5,75; SD=3,25), depression (= 5,74; SD=3,13), and tiredness (=5,64; SD=3,01) were those that showed the highest mean intensity, while shortness of breath (=3,13; SD=3,23) and nausea (=1,60; SD=3,08) had lower mean values. Comparing the first and second evaluation times, there was a decrease in the intensity of all assessed symptoms; this difference is statistically significant for pain, appetite, shortness of breath (p=0,001). Conclusion: all the patients studied showed lack of symptom control, which persisted during hospitalization, despite of a slight decrease in symptom intensity.

The pantropical genus Bauhinia, Fabaceae, known popularly as cow's foot, is widely used in folk medicine as antidiabetic. Behavioral effects of the ethanolic extract and ethereal, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions from B. platypetala Benth. ex Hemsl. leaves were studied in male Swiss mice. The ethanolic extract and fractions were administered intraperitoneally and its effects on spontaneous motor activity (total motility, locomotion, rearing and grooming behavior) were monitored. Anxiolytic-like properties were studied in the elevated plus-maze test and the possible antidepressant-like actions were evaluated in the forced swimming test. The results revealed that only the highest dose of the ethereal fraction (50 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant decrease in total motility, locomotion and rearing. Sole dose injected (50 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract and ethereal fractions increased the exploration of the elevated plus-maze open arms in a similar way to that of diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.). In the forced swimming test, the ethanolic extract and their fractions (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) was not as effective as paroxetine (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in reducing immobility. These results suggest that some of the components of the ethanolic extract and of the ethereal fraction from B. platypetala, such as p-cymene, phytol, D-lactic acid, hexadecanoic acid, among others, may have anxiolytic-like properties, which deserve further investigation. Furthermore, the results obtained indicate that ethanolic extract from B. platypetala and their fractions do not present antidepressive properties. However, these properties cannot be related to the chemical constituents identified in this specie.

Produtos naturais são usados freqüentemente por muitas pessoas no tratamento do câncer. O Ricinus communis L é uma Euforbiaceae que apresenta propriedades laxativas, purgativas e antitumorais. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência da fração protéica do extrato hidroalcoólico de R. communis L. na fisiologia celular através da fragilidade osmótica, da marcação de elementos sanguíneo com 99mTc e da morfologia celular. Para avaliar a fragilidade osmótica, amostras de sangue de ratos Wistar foram incubadas com concentrações de R. communis e com soluções de NaCl (0,4; 0,7; 0,9%). No procedimento de marcação de elementos sanguíneos, as amostras de sangue foram tratadas com solução de Tc-99m e TCA à 5%, determinando o percentual de radioatividade (%ATI) no plasma (P) e nas células vermelhas (RBC); as frações solúvel e insolúvel do plasma também foram avaliadas. A morfologia das células submetidas ao extrato foi avaliada por microscopia óptica (x40). Os resultados indicam que o extrato na concentração de 0,125 mg/mL provoca hemólise de 49,69% , no % ATI na fração insolúvel das células, ocorrendo alterações morfológicas das células sangüíneas. Esses resultados sugerem que o extrato radiomodifica a ligação do 99mTc às células vermelhas. Isto pode ser devido à oxidação do íon estanoso, a um processo de competição com os sítios de ligação do 99mTc ou por modificação das estruturas da membrana.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the proteic extract of R. communis on the cell physiology by the osmotic fragility, labeling of the blood elements with the 99mTc and cell morphology. To evaluate the osmotic fragility, the blood samples of the Wistar rats were incubated with the concentrations of R. communis and with the solutions of NaCl (0.4; 0.7; 0.9%). In the labeling of the blood elements procedure, the rat blood was treated with a solution of Tc-99m and TCA at 5%, determining the rate of radioactivity (%ATI) in the plasma (P) and in the red blood cells (RBC). The soluble and insoluble fractions of the plasma were also evaluated. The cells morphology submitted to the extract was evaluated by the optical microscopy (x40). The results indicated that the rate of the hemolysis increased in the presence of 0.125 mg/mL of the extract. There was a decay of 49.69% in the rate of ATI in the insoluble fraction of the cells, with the morphological alterations in the red blood cells. These results suggested that the extract changed the capability of binding of the red blood cells due to the stannous ion oxidation, modifying the cells structure.

É relatado o caso de um paciente com início da sintomatologia aos 7 anos de idade, cujo estudo genético e o de seu pai, portador assintomático, revelou um fragmento adicional de DNA, maior no paciente sintomático do que no pai portador. Os dados provenientes do estudo genético deste par familiar em gerações sucessivas, provavelmente o primeiro realizado no Brasil desde a recente descoberta por autores americanos do tipo de anormalidade genética presente na distrofia miotônica, vêm salientar a explicação genética para o fenômeno clínico da antecipação. São comentados resumidamente os principais avanços no campo da genética molecular desta doença e sua correlação ao início precoce da sintomatologia, como ocorreu no nosso paciente.

We report the case of a child with myotonic dystrophy (DM) with symptoms begining at the age of seven, whose genetic study showed an additional DNA fragment, greater than of his father, an asymptomatic carrier. The clinical and molecular analysis of this parent-child pair are probably the first described in Brazil, since the recent discovery of genetic abnormality in DM by American and European researchers, that explained the long-debated phenomenon of "anticipation" in this disease. The main advances in molecular genetics in DM and its correlation with increasing severity and earlier onset of the symptoms in sucessive generations of a family are commented briefly.