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A new generation of carbon-based materials such as graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been widely studied due to their potential in a variety of applications including biomedical materials and devices. This work investigates the appropriate GO morphology and content to be used as a filler for a poly(carbonate urethane) (PCU) polymer in order to mechanical properties improvements. Two graphene oxides with different levels of oxidation and morphology were blended into a PCU matrix to obtain high mechanical performance and good flexibility. Nanocomposites of PCU and GO were produced with a filler content of 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, and 2.0 wt%. Polymeric membranes were obtained using solvent evaporation and characterised by their thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), thermo-mechanical (Dynamic-Mechanical Thermal Analysis), and mechanical test results (tensile). The results indicated that GO platelets tend to interact strongly with the hard segments (HS) of PCU chains due to the polar chemical similarity of GO and HS structures. Two mechanical behaviours were found for the PCU/GO-2 nanocomposites, at small and large deformations. Improvements in the Secant Modulus and values of stress until 350% of strain are observed for low filler content while high filler content is needed for improvements at break point (stress and strain). PCU/GO nanocomposites with high mechanical performance can be produced by adjusting the GO content and characteristics to reach different application possibilities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0586 214 downloads

Prevalence and characterization of neonatal skin disorders in the first 72 h of life,
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Reginatto, Flávia Pereira

; DeVilla, Damie

; Muller, Fernanda M.

; Peruzzo, Juliano

; Peres, Letícia P.

; Steglich, Raquel B.

; Cestari, Tania F.

Jornal de Pediatria

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jun 2017, Volume 93 N. 3 Pages 238 - 245

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência dos achados dermatológicos nos primeiros dias de vida e analisar se há associação com características neonatais, gestacionais e sazonalidade. Métodos: Recém-nascidos de três maternidades de uma capital brasileira foram selecionados aleatoriamente para serem submetidos ao exame dermatológico feito por dermatologistas. Resultados: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 2.839 neonatos com até 72 horas de vida, 309 foram excluídos por terem sido admitidos em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Dos 2.530 neonatos examinados, 49,6% eram da etnia branca e 50,5% do sexo masculino. Foi observado algum achado dermatológico em 95,8% dos recém-nascidos; desses, 88,6% tinham lesões cutâneas transitórias neonatais, 42,6% marca de nascimento, 26,8% pustulose benigna neonatal, 2% lesões secundárias ao trauma, 0,5% malformação cutânea e 0,1% doença infecciosa. O achado dermatológico mais frequente foi o lanugo, observado em 38,9% dos neonatos, seguido por hiperplasia de glândulas sebáceas (35%), melanocitose dérmica (24,6%), descamação da pele (23,3%), eritema tóxico neonatal (23%), mancha salmão (20,4%), eritema da pele (19%), hiperpigmentação da genitália (18,4%), edema palpebral (17,4%), cistos de mília (17,3%), hipertrofia da genitália (12%) e xerose cutânea (10,9%). Conclusões: Os achados dermatológicos são frequentemente identificados nos primeiros dias de vida e muitos deles caracterizam a pele do recém-nascido. Os neonatos pardos e aqueles cujas mães apresentavam algum fator de risco gestacional tiveram mais achados dermatológicos. A idade gestacional, a etnia do neonato, o gênero, o índice de Ápgar, o tipo de parto e a sazonalidade influenciaram na presença de manifestações cutâneas específicas.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of neonatal dermatological findings and analyze whether there is an association between these findings and neonatal and pregnancy characteristics and seasonality. Methods: Newborns from three maternity hospitals in a Brazilian capital city were randomly selected to undergo dermatological assessment by dermatologists. Results: 2938 neonates aged up to three days of life were randomly selected, of whom 309 were excluded due to Intensive Care Unit admission. Of the 2530 assessed neonates, 49.6% were Caucasians, 50.5% were males, 57.6% were born by vaginal delivery, and 92.5% of the mothers received prenatal care. Some dermatological finding was observed in 95.8% of neonates; of these, 88.6% had transient neonatal skin conditions, 42.6% had congenital birthmarks, 26.8% had some benign neonatal pustulosis, 2% had lesions secondary to trauma (including scratches), 0.5% had skin malformations, and 0.1% had an infectious disease. The most prevalent dermatological findings were: lanugo, which was observed in 38.9% of the newborns, sebaceous hyperplasia (35%), dermal melanocytosis (24.61%), skin desquamation (23.3%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (23%), salmon patch (20.4%), skin erythema (19%), genital hyperpigmentation (18.4%), eyelid edema (17.4%), milia (17.3%), genital hypertrophy (12%), and skin xerosis (10.9%). Conclusions: Dermatological findings are frequent during the first days of life and some of them characterize the newborn's skin. Mixed-race newborns and those whose mothers had some gestational risk factor had more dermatological findings. The gestational age, newborn's ethnicity, gender, Apgar at the first and fifth minutes of life, type of delivery, and seasonality influenced the presence of specific neonatal dermatological findings.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.06.010 2566 downloads

Frugivory by the White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus, Pipridae) in restinga forest, an ecosystem associated to the Atlantic forest
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Cestari, César

; Pizo, Marco Aurélio

Biota Neotropica

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jun 2013, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 345 - 350

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os tangarás (Pipridae) são um dos grupos de aves frugívoras e dispersoras de sementes mais abundantes em estratos baixos das florestas neotropicais. Neste trabalho descrevemos os frutos consumidos pela rendeira (Manacus manacus) amostrados durante dois anos de estudo sobre o comportamento de forrageamento desta espécie em plantas frutíferas, coletando sementes de fezes e regurgitos de indivíduos capturados em rede de neblina e coletando sementes em arenas de machos que fazem lek para atração de fêmeas em áreas de restinga do litoral sul do estado de São Paulo. Manacus manacus consumiu 58 espécies de frutos de 30 famílias de plantas. Os frutos foram retirados a 3.5 ± 1.9 m de altura do solo e 1.5 ± 1.6 m abaixo do dossel florestal usando principalmente as manobras dos tipos sally-strike (retirada de frutos em voos curtos) e glean (retirada de frutos quando pousados em galhos). A maioria dos frutos eram bagas com diâmetros entre 3.1 a 17 mm e 1 a 86 sementes. Frutos com diâmetro até 12 mm foram engolidos inteiros. Frutos maduros e imaturos foram igualmente consumidos. Nossos resultados corroboram com a alta variedade de pequenos frutos consumidos por espécies de tangarás e indicam que M. manacus é um importante dispersor de sementes, sendo potencialmente importante para o recrutamento nas comunidades de plantas na restinga.

Manakins (Pipridae) are one of the most abundant fruit-eaters and seed dispersers in the understory of neotropical forests. We describe the fruit diet of the White-beaded Manakin (Manacus manacus) based on a two-year study of its foraging behavior on fruiting plants, collecting seeds from feces and regurgitations of trapped individuals, and from lekking males' courts in restinga forests at the southern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Manacus manacus consumed 58 species of fruits from 30 different plant families. Fruits were taken at 3.5 ± 1.9 m height and 1.5 ± 1.6 m below the forest canopy using mainly sally-strike and glean manoeuvres. Most of the fruits were berries ranging from 3.1 to 17 mm in diameter and containing from 1 to 86 seeds. Fruits up to 12 mm in diameter were swallowed whole. Ripe and unripe fruits were equally consumed. Our results corroborate with the great variety of small fruits consumed by manakin species, and indicate that M. manacus is an important seed disperser, potentially contributing to recruitment of plants in restinga.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000200038 2163 downloads

Predation of the Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Aves: Emberizidae) on Merostachys neesii (Poaceae: Babusoideae) seeds during a masting event in the Atlantic forest
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Cestari, César

; Bernardi, Cláudio João

Biota Neotropica

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sep 2011, Volume 11 N. 3 Pages 407 - 411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O pixoxó Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) é freqüentemente encontrado forrageando em sementes durante eventos de frutificação em massa de bambus na floresta Atlântica. No presente estudo, nós analisamos a atividade de predação de S. frontalis em sementes de Merostachys neesii Rupr. durante um evento de frutificação em uma reserva da floresta Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Nós conduzimos pontos de contagem em locais com M. neesii e em locais sem bambus ao longo de trilhas para determinar a presença de S. frontalis em touceiras de M. neesii. Adicionalmente, observações focais e coletores de sementes foram utilizados em touceiras de M. neesii para verificar o impacto de predação em sementes realizado pelo pássaro. Sporophila frontalis esteve presente em 6 de 18 pontos de contagem com touceiras de M. neesii. Esta espécie se comportou territorialmente em touceiras de bambu e apresentou uma taxa de predação média de 1.10 sementes/minuto. Os coletores de sementes possuíram até 80% das sementes predadas. Provavelmente, a enorme quantidade de sementes disponíveis durante eventos de frutificação em massa de bambus contribuem para a manutenção de populações vagantes de S. frontalis na floresta Atlântica. Por outro lado, a predação de sementes por S. frontalis pode reduzir a germinação reprodutiva e a propagação de bambus, cujo crescimento interfere negativamente no estabelecimento de outras espécies de plantas arbóreas.

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) is frequently found foraging on seeds during ephemeral masting events of bamboos in the Atlantic forest. In the present study, we analyzed the predation activity of S. frontalis on seeds of Merostachys neesii Rupr. during a masting event in an Atlantic forest reserve on southeastern Brazil. We conducted point counts in spots with M. neesii and in spots without bamboos along trails to determine the presence of S. frontalis on M. neesii clumps. Additionally, focal observations on bamboo clumps and seed traps were used to verify the predatory impact of S. frontalis on M. neesii seeds. S. frontalis was present in 6 out 18 point counts in M. neesii clumps. The seedeater behaved territorially in bamboo clumps and presented a mean predation rate of 1.10 bamboo seeds/minute. Seed traps had up to 80% of the seeds predated. The large amount of seeds available during bamboo masting events probably contributes to the maintenance of wandering populations of S. frontalis in the Atlantic forest. On the other hand, the predation of seeds by S. frontalis may reduce the reproductive germination and the propagation of the bamboos whose growth may in turn negatively affect the establishment of other forest species.

2328 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Inserción del cuidado terapéutico en la construcción del conocimiento enfermero
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Coelho Amestoy, S.

; Cestari, M.E.

; Buss Thofehrn, M.

; Leopardi, M.T.

; Marten Milbrath, V.

; Oliveira Arrieira, I.C.

Enfermería Global

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feb 2010, N. 18

Abstract: Pt Es | Text: Pt Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es

O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão teórico-filosófica acerca da importância da inserção do cuidado terapêutico na construção do conhecimento da enfermagem, enquanto objeto epistemológico e foco da disciplina. Para tanto, abordamos a construção desse conhecimento, sob a ótica do cuidado, a partir do contexto histórico da enfermagem e da inserção do cuidado terapêutico na prática assistencial e, por outro lado, como a atividade ou tarefa profissional, sob a visão do processo de trabalho da enfermagem. Ao direcionar a construção do conhecimento, tendo como base o cuidado terapêutico, acreditamos ser possível promover uma ação junto às pessoas de modo integral, singular, plural e equânime o que por si só favorecerá a consolidação da disciplina e visibilidade profissional.

Se trata de una reflexión teórico-filosófica sobre la importancia de la inserción del cuidado terapéutico en la construcción del conocimiento de la enfermería, en cuanto objeto epistemológico y foco de la disciplina. Para ello, abordamos la construcción de este conocimiento, bajo la óptica del cuidado, a partir del contexto histórico de la enfermería y de la inserción del cuidado terapéutico en la práctica asistencial y, por otro lado como la actividad o tarea profesional, bajo la visión del proceso de trabajo de la enfermería. Al direccionar la construcción del conocimiento, teniendo como base el cuidado terapéutico, creemos que es posible promover una acción junto a las personas de modo integral, singular, plural y ecuánime lo que por sí solo favorecerá la consolidación de la disciplina y visibilidad profesional.

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Cytogenetic and comparative morphology of two allopatric populations of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Paraná basin
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Domingues, Manoela de S.

; Vicari, Marcelo R.

; Abilhoa, Vinícius

; Wamser, João P.

; Cestari, Marta M.

; Bertollo, Luiz A. C.

; Almeida, Mara C. de

; Artoni, Roberto F.

Neotropical Ichthyology

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mar 2007, Volume 5 N. 1 Pages 37 - 44

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Astyanax altiparanae, recentemente descrita, é comum na bacia do alto rio Paraná, tendo sido registrada recentemente na bacia do rio Iguaçu. Entretanto, sua origem natural no rio Iguaçu é questionável. No presente trabalho algumas características cariotípicas e morfológicas de duas populações de Astyanax altiparanae do rio alto rio Tibagi e alto rio Iguaçu foram comparadas. Ambas as populações mostraram 2n=50 cromossomos e diferenças nas suas fórmulas de cariotípicas, cromossomos portadores das regiões organizadoras de nucléolos e localização da heterocromatina. Dados morfométricos das duas populações foram analisados para variáveis canônicas livres de tamanho. Os dados citogenéticos e morfológicos foram coincidentes e mostraram marcas exclusivas que refletem o grau de isolamento populacional. Em adição a outros dados geográficos, morfológicos e moleculares em populações de A. altiparanae do baixo rio Iguaçu e tributários do rio Paraná acima da represa de Itaipu (Sul do Brasil), os presentes resultados indicam que as duas populações analisadas neste estudo pertençam a diferentes estoques. A presença desta espécie ao longo da bacia do rio Iguaçu pode ser uma conseqüência de uma história evolutiva complexa e pouco conhecida.

The recently described fish species, Astyanax altiparanae (tetra) is common in the upper rio Paraná basin, and has been reported in the Iguaçu basin. However, its natural origin in the rio Iguaçu is questionable. In the present work, karyotypical and morphological features of two populations of Astyanax altiparanae from the upper rio Tibagi and upper rio Iguaçu were compared. Both populations showed 2n=50 chromosomes and differences in their karyotype formula, NOR-bearing chromosomes and location of heterochromatin. Morphometric data from both populations were analyzed through free-size canonical variables. Cytogenetic and morphological results were mostly coincident showing exclusive markers that reflect their degree of populational isolation. In addition to other geographic, morphological and molecular data for A. altiparanae populations from the lower rio Iguaçu and rio Paraná tributaries upstream from the Itaipu Dam (South Brazil), the present results indicate that the two populations analyzed in this study belong to different stocks. The presence of this species along the rio Iguaçu basin would be a consequence of a complex and poorly understood evolutionary history.

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Assessment of bovine biomaterials containing bone morphogenetic proteins bound to absorbable hydroxyapatite in rabbit segmental bone defects
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Caporali, Evelyn Hasegawa Gonçalves

; Rahal, Sheila Canevese

; Morceli, José

; Taga, Rumio

; Granjeiro, José Mauro

; Cestari, Tânia M.

; Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline

; Correa, Mariana A.

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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dec 2006, Volume 21 N. 6 Pages 366 - 373

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade osteo-regenerativa de dois biomateriais utilizando um modelo de defeito segmentar efetuado nas diáfises do rádio de coelhos. MÉTODOS: O defeito direito foi preenchido com pool de proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas (pBMPs) e hidroxiapatita em pó ultrafina absorvível (HA) combinada com matriz óssea inorgânica desmineralizada e colágeno, derivados do osso bovino (Grupo A). O defeito esquerdo foi preenchido com matriz óssea desmineralizada bovina com pBMPs e hidroxiapatita em pó ultrafina absorvível (Grupo B). Em ambos os defeitos utilizou-se membrana reabsorvível de cortical bovina desmineralizada para reter os biomateriais no defeito ósseo e guiar a regeneração tecidual. Os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 30, 90 e 150 dias após a cirurgia. Foram efetuados exames radiográficos, tomográficos e histológicos em todos os espécimes. RESULTADOS: Aos 30 dias de pós-cirúrgico, o osso cortical desmineralizado foi totalmente reabsorvido em ambos os grupos. A HA tinha reabsorvido nos defeitos do Grupo A, mas persistiu nos do Grupo B. Uma reação de corpo estranho foi evidente com ambos os produtos, porém mais pronunciada no Grupo B. Aos 90 dias os defeitos do grupo B tinham mais formação óssea que os do Grupo A. Entretanto, aos 150 dias após a cirurgia, nenhum tratamento havia promovido o completo reparo do defeito. CONCLUSÃO: Os biomateriais testados contribuíram pouco ou quase nada para a reconstituição do defeito segmentar.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the osteo-regenerative capacity of two proprietary bone grafting materials, using a segmental defect model in both radial diaphyses of rabbits. METHODS: The right defect was filled with pooled bone morphogenetic proteins (pBMPs) bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered hydroxyapatite (HA) mixed with inorganic and demineralized bone matrix and bone-derived collagen, derived from bovine bone (Group A). The left defect was filled with bovine demineralized bone matrix and pBMPs bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered HA (Group B). In both groups, an absorbable membrane of demineralized bovine cortical was used to retain the biomaterials in the bone defects, and to guide the tissue regeneration. The rabbits were euthanized 30, 90 and 150 days after surgery. Radiographic, tomographic and histologic evaluations were carried out on all specimens. RESULTS: At 30 days, the demineralized cortical bone cover was totally resorbed in both groups. HA was totally resorbed from Group A defects, whereas HA persisted in Group B defects. A prominent foreign body reaction was evident with both products, more pronounced in sections from Group B. At 90 days, the defects in Group B exhibited more new bone than Group A. However, at 150 days after surgery, neither treatment had stimulated complete repair of the defect. CONCLUSION: The partial bone healing of the segmental defect occurred with low or none performance of the biomaterials tested.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502006000600003 3072 downloads

Cytogenetics of two sympatric Corydoras species (pisces, siluriformes, challichtyidae) of Southern Brazil
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Artoni, R. F.

; Terêncio, M. L.

; Vicari, M. R.

; Matiello, M. C. A.

; Cestari, M. M.

; Bertollo, L. A. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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feb 2006, Volume 66 N. 1b Pages 191 - 198

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Dados cariotípicos são apresentados para duas espécies simpátricas de Corydoras da Lagoa Dourada, C. ehrhadti e C. paleatus, pertencentes à bacia do alto Rio Tibagi (Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil). O mesmo número diplóide e fórmula cariotípica foram observados em ambas espécies/populações. Grande similaridade foi verificada também para a distribuição da heterocromatina constitutiva e atividade das regiões organizadoras de nucléolos. O emprego da hibridação in situ com sonda fluorescente de DNAr 18S possibilitou identificar as espécies/populações por meio da localização dos sítios ribossomais.

Karyotypic data are presented for two sympatric Corydoras species of the Lagoa Dourada, namely, C. ehrhadti and C. paleatus, which are found in the upper Tibagi river basin (Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil). The same diploid number and karyotypic formula were observed in both species/populations. A great similarity in the constitutive heterochromatin distribution and in the activity of nucleolar organizer regions was also found. The use of in situ hybridization with a fluorescent 18S rDNA probe allowed for the identification of the species/populations through the location of ribosomal sites.

2325 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

10.

Cytogenetical and morphological features reveal significant differences among Venezuelan and Brazilian samples of Mugil curema (Teleostei: Mugilidae)
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Nirchio, Mauro

; Cipriano, Roger

; Cestari, Margarete

; Fenocchio, Alberto

Neotropical Ichthyology

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mar 2005, Volume 3 N. 1 Pages 107 - 110

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os cariótipos de M. curema do Golfo do México e do Brasil possuem 2n=28 cromossomos e NF=48. Espécimes da Venezuela, entretanto, apresentam um número diplóide de 28 cromossomos e um NF conservado (48). Apesar desta variação sugerir, a princípio, uma variabilidade intraespecífica (interpopulacional), a possibilidade de estarmos perante diferentes espécies foi investigada. O presente trabalho re-analisa os cariótipos de M. curema da Venezuela e do Brasil, incluindo novos dados sobre bandamento C e localização das NORs e compara caracteres merísticos e morfométricos de amostras de ambas as localidades. Assim, junto com o número cromossômico, a heterocromatina constitutiva e a distribuição das NORs trazem outras diferenças entre M. curema Citótipo 1 (2n=48, FN=48) e Citótipo 2 (2n=48, FN=48). Além disso, as comparações dos caracteres morfológicos revelam diferenças nas contagens, com 35 escamas na linha média do corpo e 15 raios nas nadadeiras peitorais nos espécimes com cariótipo 2n=28, já o cariótipo 2n=24 apresenta 37-39 escamas e 17 raios nas peitorais. Essas diferenças sugerem que ambos citótipos não estão relacionados meramente a variações geográficas politípicas mas que podem corresponder a diferentes espécies.

Karyotype of M. curema from the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil have been reported as possessing chromosome complement with 2n=28 and FN=48, whereas specimens from Venezuela has been reported as possessing a diploid number 2n=24 and a conserved FN (48). Although at first sight this variation suggests the presence of a chromosomal intraspecific (interpopulational) variability, the possibility that we are dealing with two different species was examined. This work revisit the karyotypes of M. curema from Venezuela and Brazil, including new data on C-banding, and NOR localization, and compares morphologic characteristics of samples from both localities. Thus, besides diploid number, the constitutive heterochromatin distribution and NORs location, mark other differences between M. curema Cytotype 1 (2n=28; FN=48) and Cytotype 2 (2n=24; NF=48). Moreover, morphologic comparison revealed differences in the scale counts and pectoral fin rays: 35 scales in the middle body line and 15 pectoral fin rays in specimens possessing the karyotype 2n=28, compared with 37-39 scales in the middle body line and 17 pectoral fin rays in specimens with the karyotype 2n=24. These differences lead us to suggest that both cytotypes are not related merely to geographic polytipic variations but could correspond to different species.

2273 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

11.

Evaluation of the potential insecticide activity of Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) essential oil against the head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
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Cestari, Ivanice M.

; Sarti, Silvio J.

; Waib, Cláudia M.

; Branco Jr., Armando Castello

Neotropical Entomology

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dec 2004, Volume 33 N. 6 Pages 805 - 807

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

De distribuição mundial, a pediculose é uma infestação na cabeça causada pelo piolho Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer. A resistência já verificada a diversos ingredientes ativos químicos demonstra a importância de serem avaliadas novas alternativas para o controle de piolhos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial inseticida da planta medicinal Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae), conhecida como cravinho-de-defunto, contra P. humanus capitis, assim como investigar aspectos histopatológicos para se encontrarem os sítios de ação no inseto. Os piolhos foram coletados de crianças infestadas, de 6 a 12 anos de idade, no município de Marilia, SP. Todos os procedimentos desde a coleta até a avaliação da atividade inseticida foram feitos de acordo com os protocolos da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Grupos de 10 piolhos foram colocados sobre círculos de papel de filtro, no fundo de placas de Petri. Os círculos foram impregnados com o óleo essencial de T. minuta gotejando 0,1 ml de solução do extrato bruto obtendo-se a concentração de 100 ppm do extrato bruto. As placas foram colocadas em estufas de criação (30 ºC e 70% UR) no escuro. Oito repetições foram feitas para o tratamento e duas repetições para o controle. O tempo letal mediano para a concentração de 100 ppm do extrato bruto obtido foi de 16,4 ± 1,62 min. Para a investigação histológica, vinte piolhos tratados e não tratados foram fixados em formol 10% por 24h e processados pelas técnicas clássicas de histologia. O exame dos cortes revelou desarranjo dos filamentos de actina e miosina nos indivíduos tratados. Este aspecto aliado ao TL50 obtido sugerem uma ação tóxica do óleo essencial de T. minuta.

Pediculosis is a worldwide head infestation caused by Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer. Resistance to chemical active ingredients shows the importance of new approaches for head lice control. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential insecticide activity of the medicinal plant Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) against P. humanus capitis as well as to investigate histopathological aspects to find the target sites of the botanical extract in the insect. Lice were collected from heads of infested children 6-12 years old from Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil. All the procedures from the collection to the insecticide evaluation were done according to the World Health Organization protocols. Batches of 10 lice each were released onto a clean piece of filter paper in a petri dish. A 100 ppm concentration of essential oil impregnated filter papers were made by dropping 0.1 ml of T. minuta essential oil. Petri dishes were placed in a rearing chamber (30ºC and 70% relative humidity) in the dark. Eight replicates were used for treatment and two replicates for control batches. The Median Lethal Time (LT50) was 16.4 ± 1.62 min. For histophatological investigation, twenty treated and untreated lice were fixed in 10% solution of formalin for 24h and processed according to classical histology techniques. Examined cross sections of treated adults showed disassembly of actin and myosin filaments arrangement when compared to untreated adults. This aspect allied to the LT50 obtained suggests a toxic action of the T. minuta essential oil.

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12.

Genetic damage induced by trophic doses of lead in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) as revealed by the comet assay and chromosomal aberrations
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Cestari, Marta Margarete

; Lemos, Priscilla Maria M.

; Ribeiro, Ciro Alberto de Oliveira

; Costa, João Ricardo M. Alves

; Pelletier, Emilien

; Ferraro, Marcos V.M.

; Mantovani, Mário Sérgio

; Fenocchio, Alberto Sergio

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2004, Volume 27 N. 2 Pages 270 - 274

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The effects of clastogenic or mutagenic agents have rarely been studied in neotropical fish species exposed to contaminated water. In this study, the genetic damage caused by lead in the widely distributed South American fish, Hoplias malabaricus, was assessed using the comet (SCGE) assay and by testing for chromosomal aberrations. Eighteen specimens were acclimatized to laboratory conditions and then chronically exposed to contaminated food by feeding prey (Cyprinus sp.) injected intraperitoneally with doses of inorganic lead adjusted to give a contamination level of 21 mg of Pb2+.g-1 net weight of H. malabaricus. Three fish were sampled for chromosomal analysis after four doses (18 days) and another three after eight doses (41 days) of lead and the results then compared with three untreated controls kept under lead-free conditions. An additional six treated fish and three controls were sampled for the comet assay after 13 doses (64 days). Exposure to lead significantly increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of tailed cell nuclei, the latter indicating DNA damage. These results show that H. malabaricus is a useful biological model for screening the clastogenic effects of lead and possibly other xenobiotics. The genetic damage seen here illustrates the need to investigate the potential effects of heavy metals on fish species in South America.

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13.

Mutagenic effects of tributyltin and inorganic lead (Pb II) on the fish H. malabaricus as evaluated using the comet assay and the piscine micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests
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Ferraro, Marcos Vinícius M.

; Fenocchio, Alberto Sérgio

; Mantovani, Mario Sérgio

; Ribeiro, Ciro de Oliveira

; Cestari, Marta Margarete

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2004, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 103 - 107

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Genotoxicity studies on toxic metals and their organic compounds are very important, especially so in the investigation of the effects of these compounds on the aquatic environments where they tend to accumulate. The use of endemic aquatic organisms as biological sentinels has proved useful to environmental monitoring. We assessed the mutagenic potential of tributyltin (TBT) and inorganic lead (PbII) using samples of the fish Hoplias malabaricus (commonly called traíra) using the comet assay and the piscine micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Eighteen H. malabaricus were acclimatized in three individual aquariums, each containing six fish, six fish being exposed to 0.3 mg/g of body weight (bw) of TBT, six to 21 mg/g bw of PbII and six being used as controls. Exposure to TBT and PbII was achieved by feeding the fish every five days with Astyanax (a small fish that is part of the normal diet of H. malabaricus) which had been injected with solutions of TBT, PbII or with water (the control group). After two months the H. malabaricus were sacrificed and their peripheral blood collected and subjected to the comet and micronucleus assays, the chromosome aberration assay being conducted using kidney-tissue. Although the comet assay showed now mutagenic effects at the lead concentrations used but encountered results with TBT, the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations assays both indicated that TBT and PbII are potentially mutagenic (p < 0.01), the micronucleus assay showing morphological alterations of the nucleus.

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14.

Factorial Design Evaluation of Some Experimental Factors for Phenols Oxidation using Crude Extracts from Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia)
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Cestari, Antonio R.

; Vieira, Eunice F. S.

; Nascimento, Alisson J. P.

; Santos Filha, Marina M.

; Airoldi, Claudio

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2002, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 260 - 265

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo apresenta algumas informações adicionais sobre a utilização alternativa do extrato bruto da jaca, em reações de oxidação seletivas de fenóis. Foram avaliados os substratos catecol, o-, m- e p- cresóis e pirogalol. Estudaram-se também os efeitos do pH, da concentração do tampão fosfato, bem como a utilização de alguns tipos de agentes extratores de biofenóis. Utilizando-se o procedimento convencional univariado, a atividade enzimática foi maior com o substrato catecol, em tampão fosfato pH 5,0, de concentração 0,10 mol L-1 e agente comercial extrator de fenóis Polyclar SB-100<FONT FACE=Symbol>â</FONT>. Usando-se um planejamento fatorial, do tipo 2³, constatou-se que os melhores desempenhos catalíticos foram em pH 5,0 e concentração de tampão 0,050 mol L-1, para o substrato catecol. A variação no tipo de extrator não mostrou importância estatística. Pelo método multivariado, obtiveram-se os melhores resultados para a oxidação seletiva do catecol. Assim, conclui-se que para aumentar o desempenho catalítico do extrato, deve-se utilizar preferencialmente a metodologia multivariada.

This study presents some additional information on the alternative utilization of Jackfruit crude extracts in selective phenol oxidation reactions, using catechol and the o-, m- e p- cresols and pyrogallol substracts. The effects of pH, concentration of phosphate buffer and kinds of natural phenol extractors are evaluated. By using the conventional univariate procedure, the best enzymatic activities were obtained with the catechol substract, phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) at a concentration 0.10 mol L-1, and the commercial polymer Polyclar SB-100<FONT FACE=Symbol>â</FONT> as natural phenol extractor. Using a full 2³ factorial design the best catalytic results were obtained by employing phosphate buffer at pH 5.0 and it 0.050 mol L-1. However, the kind of phenol extractor was not statistically important. The best results for selective catechol oxidation were obtained by using the multivariate technique. In this way, the multivariate methodology is indicated to increase the performance of the crude extract in the selective oxidation reactions.

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15.

Acute AT1 receptor blockade does not improve the depressed baroreflex in rats with chronic renal hypertension
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Farah, V.M.A.

; Moreira, E.D.

; Ushizima, M.

; Cestari, I.A.

; Irigoyen, M.C.

; Krieger, E.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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dec 2000, Volume 33 N. 12 Pages 1491 - 1496

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

To assess the role of angiotensin II in the sensitivity of the baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) in normotensive rats (N = 6) and chronically hypertensive rats (1K1C, 2 months, N = 7), reflex changes of HR were evaluated before and after (15 min) the administration of a selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist (losartan, 10 mg/kg, iv). Baseline values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were higher in hypertensive rats (195 ± 6 mmHg) than in normotensive rats (110 ± 2 mmHg). Losartan administration promoted a decrease in MAP only in hypertensive rats (16%), with no changes in HR. During the control period, the sensitivity of the bradycardic and tachycardic responses to acute MAP changes were depressed in hypertensive rats (~70% and ~65%, respectively) and remained unchanged after losartan administration. Plasma renin activity was similar in the two groups. The present study demonstrates that acute blockade of AT1 receptors with losartan lowers the MAP in chronic renal hypertensive rats without reversal of baroreflex hyposensitivity, suggesting that the impairment of baroreflex control of HR is not dependent on an increased angiotensin II level.

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