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Abstract Bioavailability of nutrients, the scarcity of synthetic fertilisers, and the rising cost of fuel have all contributed to an increase in production costs, which has in turn reduced crop productivity and led scientists to seek out new methods to ensure high-quality output. In this context, various cytokinins dosages were tested in Peru to see whether they affected the quality of caigua, in an effort to address these issues. To mitigate these problems, a pot experiment was carried out to check the effects of various doses of cytokinin in the quality of caigua in Peru. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments including (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL of cytokinin) by using (Anthesis Plus per 200 L of water) as a source, each with three replicates and placed following a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Treatment with 100 mL of cytokinins foliar analysis resulted in a caigua length of 18.9 cm, an increase in diameter of 5.65 cm, and an improvement in pulp thickness of 7.60 millimeters. Physiological parameters of caigua plants taken after 45 days of sowing were considerably improved with the same treatment. Similarly, N, K and Zn concentration in leaf was higher in case of 100 mL of cytokinins foliar analysis. Therefore, policymakers must advise using the recommended quantity of cytokinins to bring about regime transition, and formers can gain by injecting 100 mL of cytokinins to boost production and the economy. It was concluded that the adequate dose of cytokinins is in treatment T3, which raised value of potassium concentration in leaves, this influenced optimal development, strengthening against environmental stress and therefore quality. For this reason, research was carried out on the comparative study of cytokinin doses in the quality of caigua in Peru; the objective was to determine the appropriate dose to obtain higher quality fruit. Likewise, it was underlined that the objective was to employ an ecological alternative of plant origin such as the usage of phytohormone that stimulates the growth of the plant and consequently the quality of the fruit. The obtained the results were served as a recommendation for farmers in the area.

Resumo A biodisponibilidade de nutrientes, a escassez de fertilizantes sintéticos e o aumento do custo dos combustíveis contribuíram para um aumento nos custos de produção, o que, por sua vez, reduziu a produtividade das culturas e levou os cientistas a procurar novos métodos para garantir resultados de alta qualidade. Neste contexto, várias dosagens de citocininas foram testadas no Peru para examinar se afetavam a qualidade do caigua, num esforço para resolver estes problemas. Para mitigar esses problemas, foi realizado um experimento em vaso para verificar os efeitos de diversas doses de citocinina na qualidade do caigua no Peru. O experimento consistiu de cinco tratamentos, incluindo 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mL de citocinina utilizando Anthesis Plus por 200 L de água como fonte, cada um com três repetições e dispostos seguindo um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados (RCBD). O tratamento com 100 mL de análise foliar de citocininas resultou em comprimento de caigua de 18,9 cm, aumento de diâmetro de 5,65 cm e melhora na espessura da polpa de 7,60 mm. Os parâmetros fisiológicos das plantas de caigua colhidas após 45 dias da semeadura melhoraram consideravelmente com o mesmo tratamento. Da mesma forma, a concentração de N, K e Zn nas folhas foi maior no caso da análise foliar de 100 mL de citocininas. Portanto, os decisores políticos devem aconselhar a utilização da quantidade recomendada de citocininas para provocar a transição de regime, e os primeiros podem ganhar injetando 100 mL de citocininas para impulsionar a produção e a economia. Concluiu-se que a dose adequada de citocininas está no tratamento T3, que elevou o valor da concentração de potássio nas folhas, isso influenciou no desenvolvimento ideal, no fortalecimento contra o estresse ambiental e consequentemente na qualidade. Por esse motivo, foram realizadas pesquisas sobre o estudo comparativo de doses de citocinina na qualidade do caigua no Peru; o objetivo foi determinar a dose adequada para obter frutos de maior qualidade. Da mesma forma, foi sublinhado que o objetivo era empregar uma alternativa ecológica de origem vegetal, como a utilização de fito-hormona que estimulasse o crescimento da planta e, consequentemente, a qualidade do fruto. Os resultados obtidos serviram de recomendação para os agricultores da região.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275635

Analysis of the biological and chemical characteristics of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) Fed with compost based on sugarcane residues
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Cruz Nieto, D. D.

; Montes, L. A. A.

; Lirión Rodríguez, I. R.

; Chauca, V. M. Z.

; More López, J. M.

; Yovera Saldarriaga, J.

; Romero Menacho, J. U.

; Chanducas Tantaleán, H. E.

; Sotelo Montes, J. E.

; Jamanca Ramirez, M. A.

; Caira Mamani, C. M.

; Alberto, M. N. M.

; Carbonel Neciosup, A. E.

; Vélez Chang, Y. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275698

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The pandemic and the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine are events that have caused economic instability in Peru. Reason that was investigated on the analysis of the biological and chemical characteristics of cabbage fed with compost based on sugarcane residues. The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of cabbage from the adequate dose of compost based on sugarcane residues and distance between plants. It is based on the methodology applied with an experimental approach, for which the Completely Random Block Design with a 4x 2 factorial arrangement was used, which consisted of 3 blocks and 8 treatments that were the combination: F1 with 0, F2 with 8, T3 with 10 and F4 with 12 t/ha and spacing (D1) with 0.30 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows and (D2) with 0.35 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows. The physical characteristics of cabbage were evaluated and processed by analysis of variance, nutrient concentrations in leaves and stomatal density were analyzed. The results determined that T7 stood out in plant height with 41.88 cm, yield with 26.76 tn/ha and T6 in root length with 20.22 cm. In chemical analysis of leaves T1 stood out in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and T4 in calcium, magnesium and sulfur. In T7 stomata density with 977 stomata/mm2. It concludes that at an adequate dose and greater distance that T7 stands out in the concentration of nutrients that are within normal values and high density of stomata; Therefore, these characteristics influenced the optimal biochemical reactions, which obtained good development and yield that differed at 51.39% and 32.17% with respect to the controls T1 and T5.

Resumo A pandemia e o conflito geopolítico entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia são eventos que têm causado instabilidade econômica no Peru. Motivo que foi investigado na análise das características biológicas e químicas do repolho alimentado com composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo foi analisar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do repolho a partir da dose adequada de composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar e distância entre plantas. Baseia-se na metodologia aplicada com uma abordagem experimental, para a qual foi utilizado o Delineamento de Blocos Completamente Aleatório com arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, que consistia em 3 blocos e 8 tratamentos que eram a combinação: F1 com 0, F2 com 8, T3 com 10 e F4 com 12 toneladas/ha e espaçamento (D1) com 0,30 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas e (D2) com 0,35 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas. As características físicas do repolho foram avaliadas e processadas por análise de variância, as concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas e a densidade estomática foram analisadas. Os resultados determinaram que T7 se destacou em altura de planta com 41,88 cm, produtividade com 26,76 tn/ha e T6 em comprimento de raiz com 20,22 cm. Na análise química das folhas T1 se destacou em nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e T4 em cálcio, magnésio e enxofre. Em densidade de estômatos T7 com 977 estômatos/mm2. Conclui que em dose adequada e maior distância que T7 se destaca na concentração de nutrientes que estão dentro dos valores normais e alta densidade de estômatos; Portanto, essas características influenciaram nas reações bioquímicas ótimas, que obtiveram bom desenvolvimento e rendimentos que diferiram em 51,39% e 32,17% em relação aos controles T1 e T5.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275698

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations: an instrument to observe the 21cm hydrogen line in the redshift range 0.13 < z < 0.45 – status update
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WUENSCHE, CARLOS A.

; ABDALLA, ELCIO

; ABDALLA, FILIPE

; BAROSI, LUCIANO

; WANG, BIN

; AN, RUI

; BARRETOS, JOÃO A. M.

; BATTYE, RICHARD

; BRITO, FRANCISCO A.

; BROWNE, IAN

; CORREIA, DANIEL

; COSTA, ANDRÉ A.

; DELABROUILLE, JACQUES

; DICKINSON, CLIVE

; FENG, CHANG

; FERREIRA, ELISA G. M.

; FORNAZIER, KARIN

; DE GASPERIS, GIANCARLO

; GUTIERREZ, PRISCILA

; HARPER, STUART

; LANDIM, RICARDO G.

; LICCARDO, VINCENZO

; MA, YIN-ZHE

; MACHADO, TELMO

; MAFFEI, BRUNO

; MARINS, ALESSANDRO

; MENDES, MILENA M. M.

; MERICIA, EDUARDO

; MONSTEIN, CHRISTIAN

; MOTTA, PABLO

; NOVAES, CAMILA

; OTOBONE, CARLOS H.

; PEEL, MICHAEL

; QUEIROZ, AMILCAR R.

; RADCLIFFE, CHRISTOPHER

; REMAZEILLES, MATHIEU

; RIBEIRO, RAFAEL M. G.

; SANG, YU

; SANTOS, JULIANA F. R.

; SANTOS, LARISSA

; SANTOS, MARCELO. V.

; SHAN, CHENXI

; SILVA, GUSTAVO B.

; VIEIRA, FREDERICO

; VIEIRA, JORDANY

; VILLELA, THYRSO

; XIAO, LINFENG

; YANG, WEIQIANG

; ZHANG, JIAJUN

; ZHANG, XUE

; ZHU, ZENGHAO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20201096

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract BINGO (BAO from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a unique radio telescope designed to map the intensity of neutral hydrogen distribution at cosmological distances, making the first detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the frequency band 980 MHz - 1260 MHz, corresponding to a redshift range 0.127 < z < 0.449. BAO is one of the most powerful probes of cosmological parameters and BINGO was designed to detect the BAO signal to a level that makes it possible to put new constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The telescope will be built in Paraíba, Brazil and consists of two \thicksim 40m mirrors, a feedhorn array of 50 horns, and no moving parts, working as a drift-scan instrument. It will cover a 15 ^{\circ} ∘ declination strip centered at \sim \delta ∼ δ =-15 ^{\circ} ∘, mapping \sim ∼ 5400 square degrees in the sky. The BINGO consortium is led by University of São Paulo with co-leadership at National Institute for Space Research and Campina Grande Federal University (Brazil). Telescope subsystems have already been fabricated and tested, and the dish and structure fabrication are expected to start in late 2020, as well as the road and terrain preparation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201096 413 downloads

Consideraciones sobre la dirección de la aireación en la lixiviación del proceso Caron de la planta de Punta Gorda, Cuba
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Chang Cardona, Antonio R.

; Merencio Guevara, Pedro L.

; Guerra González, Yosbel

Tecnología Química

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apr 2019, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 183 - 206

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The present experimental work was carried out at scale of Demonstrative Unit of Production (UDP) in the Leaching Plant in Punta Gorda, Cuba with the objective of proving the implementation of the specific velocity of aeration (Qa), in m3/(t·min) starting from the statistical mathematical model of the real residence time of the pulp in function of the pulp flow feeded to each miniseries, based on the specific volume of air- Va- with the purpose of analyzing the tendencies of the Ni and Co leached (Lix Ni and Co). For the studied experimental conditions: a methodology of operational implementation of the new parameter- Qa -was established; the graphic tendencies of Lix Ni and Co obtained showed: that these diminish when increasing Qa; while that these increase when increasing the Va until values around 150 m3/t, after the which, these spread to be stabilized or to diminish; The results of the coefficients of par correlation of the Lix Ni and Co demonstrated that both leached increase, when increasing the values of: the rate of concentrations - R (NH3/CO2) -, the mineral's numeral (NoMin), the concentration of NH3 and the Va, although this last can be controverted for the LixCo, while those Lix Ni and Co diminishes with the increase of Qa and the rate of mass flows- R (L/S) in the in the contacts tanks. A calculation tool was elaborated in EXCEL to manage with flexibility the volumetric flows of air for each turbo aerator, on the base of the wished values of the Va and Qa, that permit to change them in function of the operational conditions of the Plant.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo experimental se realizó a escala de Unidad Demostrativa de Producción (UDP) en la Planta de Lixiviación de Punta Gorda, Cuba con el objetivo de probar la implementación de la velocidad específica de aireación (Qa), en m3/(t·min) a partir del modelo empírico del tiempo de residencia promedio real en función del flujo volumétrico de pulpa alimentado a cada miniserie, basado en el volumen específico de aire- Va- con el propósito de analizar las tendencias de los lixiviados de Ni y Co (Lix Ni y Co). Para las condiciones experimentales estudiadas: se estableció una metodología de implementación operacional del nuevo parámetro Qa; las tendencias gráficas de los Lix Ni y Co obtenidas mostraron: que estos disminuyen al aumentar Qa, mientras que dichos lixiviados aumentan al incrementar Va hasta valores alrededor de 150 m3/t, después del cual, estos tienden a estabilizarse o disminuir; los resultados de los coeficientes de correlación par de los Lix Ni y Co demostraron que ambos lixiviados aumentan, al incrementar los valores de: la proporción de concentraciones- R (NH3/CO2)-, el número de mineral (NoMin), la concentración de NH3 y el Va, aunque este último puede ser controvertido para el LixCo, mientras que los Lixiviados de Ni y Co disminuyen con el aumento de Qa y la razón de flujos de masa- R (L/S) en los tanques de contacto. Se elaboró una herramienta computacional en EXCEL para dirigir con flexibilidad los flujos volumétricos de aire por turbo-aireador, sobre la base de los valores deseados de Va y Qa, la cual permite cambiarlos en función de las condiciones operacionales de la Planta.

Prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Pineda-De Paz, Dulman O

; Pineda-De Paz, Mario R.

; Lee-Tsai, Yu L.

; Chang, Clara E.

; Torres-Salazar, Lissette C.

; Barrios-Lupitou, Luis C.

Revista Colombiana de Cardiología

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apr 2018, Volume 25 N. 2 Pages 116 - 123

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la causa principal de muerte en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática es más alta en pacientes diabéticos que en no diabéticos y se asocia a peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de Guatemala y analizar la posible asociación de dicha enfermedad con características epidemiológicas, clínicas y metabólicas. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el que se estudió una muestra de 92 pacientes diabéticos seleccionados de forma aleatoria simple. Se realizó electrocardiograma, que cuando fue negativo para isquemia ameritó prueba de esfuerzo, o de lo contrario, ecocardiograma de estrés con dobutamina. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 57 años, 88% de los cuales eran mujeres; la duración media de la diabetes fue 7 años. Se encontró cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en el 22,8% de los casos. No se hallaron posibles asociaciones entre cardiopatía isquémica asintomática y edad, sexo, enfermedad arterial periférica, índice de masa corporal, índice tobillo-brazo, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, tabaquismo activo, sedentarismo, sobrepeso/obesidad, alcoholismo, glucosa en ayunas, hemoglobina glicosilada, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, ácido úrico, creatinina, tasa de filtrado glomerular y microalbuminuria. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en la población estudiada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue de 22,8%. No se encontraron posibles asociaciones de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática con las variables estudiadas.

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease is higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic ones, and is associated with a worse prognosis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a third level of care hospital in Guatemala, as well as to analyse the possible relationship of this disease with epidemiological, clinical, and metabolic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 92 randomly selected diabetic patients. An electrocardiogram was performed, which when it was negative for ischaemia, an exercise stress test or a dobutamine stress echocardiogram was performed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 57 years, 88% of whom were women. The mean duration of the diabetes was 7 years. Asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease was found in 22.8% of case. No significant associations were found between ischaemic heart disease and age, gender, peripheral arterial disease, body mass index, ankle-brachial index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, active smoking, sedentarism, overweight/obesity, alcoholism, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and urine microalbumin. Conclusions: The prevalence of asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease was 22.8% in the population studied with type 2 diabetes mellitus. No significant associations were found between ischaemic heart disease and the variables studied.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2017.08.012 809 downloads

Evaluation of left ventricular function using volumetric computed tomography in the clinical setting
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Peña-Almaguer, Erasmo de la

; Trevino, Alejandro R.

; Sierra-Galan, Lilia

; Azpiri-Lopez, José R.

; Assad-Morell, José L.

; Kirsch, Jacobo

; Chang, Su Min

Archivos de cardiología de México

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mar 2016, Volume 86 N. 1 Pages 79 - 84

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Objective: To correlate the left ventricular parameters obtained with 64-slice Volumetric Computed Tomography (VCT) with those obtained with the reference standard, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Methods: VCT and a 3.0 T MRI scanner were used. Results from both studies were independently evaluated by two cardiologists. A linear correlation and a paired Student's t test were used to analyze the data with a P < 0.05 being considered significant. Results: Thirty consecutive patients were evaluated with VCT and CMR. The left ventricular indices for CMR and VCT were, respectively, mass 86.4 ± 25.8 vs. 82.7 ± 27.6 g (P = 0.31); ESV 45.5 ± 27.8 vs. 48.7 ± 40.4 ml (P = .405); EDV 101.3 ± 32.7 vs. 105.1 ± 44.0 ml (P = 0.475); SV 55.9 ± 16.1 vs. 56.8 ± 15.6 ml (P = 0.713); LVEF 57.5 ± 13.2% vs. 56.9 ± 12.4% (P = 0.630). No differences in intraobserver variability for both methods were found, CT r = 0.96, r 2 = 0.92 P < 0.0001 and MR r = 0.96 r 2 = 0.93 P < 0.0001. There was no significant statistical difference in the presence of artifacts. Conclusion: There is a close correlation between CMRI and VCT in the evaluation of LV function. VCT is as useful as 3 T CMR, and could be incorporated as another resource for evaluating LV function.

Resumen: Objetivo: Correlacionar los parámetros del ventrículo izquierdo obtenidos con la tomografía computarizada volumétrica (TCV) de 64 cortes con el estándar de referencia, la resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC). Métodos: Se usó una TCV de 64 cortes y una RMC de 3.0 Teslas. Ambos estudios fueron interpretados de manera independiente por dos cardiólogos. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba t de Student y una correlación lineal, resultando significativo valores de P < 0.05. Resultados: Treinta pacientes consecutivos fueron evaluados con TCV y RMC. Los índices del ventrículo izquierdo mediante RMC y TCV fueron, respectivamente, masa 86.4 ± 25.8 vs. 82.7 ± 27.6 g (P = 0.31); volumen telesistólico 45.5 ± 27.8 vs. 48.7 ± 40.4 ml (P = 0.405); volumen telediastólico 101.3 ± 32.7 vs. 105.1 ± 44.0 ml (P = 0.475); volumen latido 55.9 ± 16.1 vs. 56.8 ± 15.6 ml (P = 0.713); fracción de eyección de ventrículo izquierdo 57.5 ± 13.2% vs. 56.9 ± 12.4% (P = 0.630). No hubo diferencias entre la variabilidad intraobservador para ambos métodos, CT r = 0.96 r2= 0.92 P < 0.0001 y MR r = 0.96 r2r = 0.93, P < 0.0001. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la presencia de artefactos. Conclusión: Hay correlación estrecha entre RMC y TCV en la evaluación de la función ventricular. La TCV es tan útil como la RMC y pudiera incorporarse como otro recurso para valorar la función ventricular.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acmx.2015.05.006 728 downloads

Antimicrobial activity of Aspilia latissima (Asteraceae)
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Souza, Jeana M.E.

; Chang, Marilene R.

; Brito, Daniela Z.

; Farias, Katyuce S.

; Damasceno-Junior, Geraldo A.

; Turatti, Izabel C.C.

; Lopes, Norberto P.

; Santos, Edson A.

; Carollo, Carlos A.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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dec 2015, Volume 46 N. 4 Pages 1103 - 1110

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Aspilia latissima - an abundant plant from the Brazilian Pantanal region - against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The crude extracts and fractions showed activity in all tested microorganisms. The chloroform fraction of the leaves and roots showed the most antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, with an MIC of 500 μg/mL. This fraction was submitted to bioautographic assays to characterize the activity of the compounds. Two bands from the leaves (L-A and L-B) and three bands from the roots (R-C, R-D and R-E) were bioactive. Within the root-derived bands, the terpene derivatives stigmasterol, kaurenoic acid and kaura-9(11), 16-dien-18-oic acid were identified. Antibiotic activity of A. latissima is reported for the first time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-838246420131281 1736 downloads

Potencial sanitario y productivo de 12 clones de cacao en Ecuador
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Sánchez-Mora, Fernando D.

; Medina-Jara, S. Mariela

; Díaz-Coronel, Gorki T.

; Ramos-Remache, Rommel A.

; Vera-Chang, Jaime F.

; Vásquez-Morán, Vicente F.

; Troya-Mera, Fidel A.

; Garcés-Fiallos, Felipe R.

; Onofre-Nodari, Rubens

Revista fitotecnia mexicana

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sep 2015, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 265 - 274

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the main crops of economic importance in Ecuador since small and medium farmers on the coast rely on this income. However, fungal diseases decreases yield. In this research 10 experimental cocoa clones of National type and two commercial control varieties (EET-103 and CCN-51) were evaluated from 2008 to 2011, at plantations located in Quevedo and Tenguel. The objective of this research was to identify disease tolerant clones to frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri) and witches' broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa), while maintaining high production levels. Experimental design was a randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement with four replications. Variables measured were number of branches showing witches' broom per tree; percentage of diseased pods; number of healthy pods; total number of pods; and yield of dried cacao almonds (kg ha-1). Commercial clone CCN-51 exhibited the lowest incidence of diseases and the highest production of healthy pods and average almond yield (1047.7 kg ha-1). Four experimental clones showed desirable traits: L46-H57 had the highest number of healthy pods and total pod number; L21-H43, L46-H57 and L46-H88 yielded more than 550 kg ha-1 of almonds; L18-H58 presented fewer number of witches' broom (7.3), and L21-H43 had the lowest incidence of diseased pods (37.0 %). These clones might be used for breeding programs and genetic conservation. The Quevedo location showed higher incidence of fungal diseases and yield of dry cocoa beans than Tenguel.

El cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) es uno de los principales cultivos de importancia económica en el Ecuador, principalmente para los pequeños y medianos agricultores del litoral. Sin embargo, las enfermedades fungosas reducen el rendimiento de este cultivo. Durante los años 2008 a 2011 se evaluó en las localidades Quevedo y Tenguel, el comportamiento de 10 clones experimentales de cacao tipo Nacional con el objetivo de seleccionar los de mayor productividad y tolerancia a dos enfermedades: moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) y escoba de bruja (Moniliophthora perniciosa), en comparación con dos testigos comerciales (EET-103 y CCN-51). El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con arreglos factorial, con cuatro repeticiones. Se registró el número de escobas de bruja vegetativas, porcentaje de mazorcas enfermas, número de mazorcas sanas y totales, así como el rendimiento de almendras secas de cacao. El clon comercial CCN-51 presentó la menor incidencia de enfermedades, así como la mayor producción de mazorcas sanas y rendimiento promedio de almendras (1047.7 kg ha-1). Cuatro clones experimentales presentaron características deseables: L46-H57 con una mayor producción de mazorcas sanas y totales, L21-H43, L46-H57 y L46-H88 con un rendimiento de almendras superior a 550 kg ha-1, L18-H58 con el menor número de escoba de bruja (7.3), y L21-H43 con la menor incidencia de mazorcas enfermas (37.0 %). Estos clones pueden ser utilizados en programas de mejoramiento y conservación. La incidencia de enfermedades fúngicas y el rendimiento de almendras secas de cacao fueron mayores en Quevedo que en Tenguel.

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Diagnóstico de la eficiencia tecnológica del trabajo de las miniseries en la lixiviación industrial del proceso "Caron" en la planta de Punta Gorda, Cuba
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Chang-Cardona, Antonio R.

; Guerra-González, Yosbel

; Terencio-Guevara, Pedro L.

Tecnología Química

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aug 2015, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 125 - 138

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The present experimental work was carried out to scale of Demonstrative Unit of Production (UDP) in the Leaching Plant of the Punta Gorda in Cuba with the objective of establishing a sure procedure for the diagnosis of the technological efficiency of the miniseries work, which allows to detect on time: the obstructions in the system and the unequal distribution of pulp with the purpose of operating the aeration parameters of the optimum form, and so to negotiate the cleaning of the pipes with readiness to avoid the extended unbalances of the Ni and Co leached (LixNi-Co) in the Series of the first leaching stage (IraEL). This to proceed was demonstrated, and validated the order of their parts, which consists of three steps: First, the daily study of the pulp densities in the system: Contacts Tanks (TC)-Series of IraEL to detect the critical values of the densities; Second to achieve tests of LixNi-Co in the two miniseries when this values of densities advise it; Third - to determine the distribution of the pulp flow in each miniseries from the residence time to confirm the results of the two previous steps and to calculate again the volumetric flows of air for each miniseries and turbo-aereator. It was established that the critical values of densities that permit to predict an excessive obstruction for each pipe of the miniseries are: 1 175 kg/m³ in relation with the <img width=37 height=18 src="http:/img/revistas/rtq/v35n2/i0101215.jpg">in TC of (1160-1165) kg/m³, as it is the 1 185 kg/m³, in regard to <img width=37 height=18 src="http:/img/revistas/rtq/v35n2/i0101215.jpg">near or smaller than 1170 kg/m³.

El presente trabajo experimental se realizó a escala de Unidad Demostrativa de Producción (UDP) en la Planta de Lixiviación de de Punta Gorda con el objetivo de establecer un procedimiento seguro para el diagnóstico de la eficiencia tecnológica del trabajo de las miniseries, el cual permita detectar a tiempo: las obstrucciones en el sistema y la distribución desigual de pulpa con el propósito de operar los parámetros de aireación de forma óptima, y así gestionar la limpieza de las tuberías con prontitud para evitar los desbalances prolongados de los lixiviados de Ni y Co (LixNi-Co) en las Series de primera etapa de lixiviación (IraEL). Este proceder fue demostrado, y validado el orden de sus partes, el cual consta de tres pasos: primero, el estudio diario de las densidades de la pulpa en el sistema Tanques de Contacto (TC)-Series de IraEL para detectar los valores críticos de las densidade; segundo, realizar pruebas de comparación de LixNi-Co en las dos miniseries cuando dichos valores de densidades lo aconsejen y tercero, determinar la distribución del flujo de pulpa en cada miniserie por el tiempo de residencia para confirmar los resultados de los dos pasos anteriores y recalcular los flujos volumétricos de aire por miniserie y turbo-aireador. Se estableció que los valores críticos de densidades que permiten predecir una obstrucción excesiva para cada tubería de la miniserie son: 1 175 kg/m³ en relación con la <img width=37 height=18 src="http:/img/revistas/rtq/v35n2/i0101215.jpg">en TC de (1 160-1 165) kg/m³, como lo es 1 185 kg/m³, respecto a <img width=37 height=18 src="http:/img/revistas/rtq/v35n2/i0101215.jpg">cercanas o menores que 1 170 kg/m³.

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10.

Propolins and glyasperin A from stingless bee nests
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Ragasa, Consolacion Y.

; Galian, Richard Anthony F.

; Ebajo Jr., Virgilio D.

; Aguda, Remil M.

; Cervancia, Cleofas R.

; Shen, Chien-Chang

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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apr 2015, Volume 25 N. 2 Pages 177 - 179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extracts of the propolis collected from bee (Tetragonula biroi Friese) hives in San Roque, Sorsogon, Philippines afforded propolin A (1), propolin E (2), propolin H (3), glyasperin A (4), squalene, a mixture of lupeol, α-amyrin and β-amyrin, and another mixture of urs-12-en-3-one, olean-12-en-3-one and lup-12-en-3-one. The structures of 2–4 were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, while 1 was identified by comparison of its NMR data with 2.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.006 1362 downloads

11.

"Consideraciones sobre la determinación del tiempo de residencia de la prueba en la lixiviación industrial del proceso "Caron" en la planta de Punta Gorda Moa, Cuba"
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Chang-Cardona, Antonio R.

; Terencio-Guevara, Pedro L.

; Guerra-González, Yosbel

; Rojas-Vargas, Armando

Tecnología Química

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apr 2015, Volume 35 N. 1 Pages 18 - 31

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In the present experimental work it was obtained, on a Production Demonstration Unit (UDP) of leaching commercial plant, an exponential statistical mathematical model with a distribution coefficient (R² = 0,9998), characterized by the equation TR = 13297*(Qpulpa)-0.999;min, to determine the real residence time (TR) of the pulp in the miniseries of first stage of the leaching plant (IraEL) in "Punta Gorda", as a function of the pulp flow (Qpulpa) that is feeded to each miniserie of turbo-aereator (TA) inside the range of values of (105 at 282) m³/h, that makes valid, also, the effectiveness of the modification to the methodology of processing of the experimental results, obtained when using the Na2CO3 like tracer, based on the method of successive approaches that facilitates to determine the TR under the peculiar industrial conditions of the ammonia - carbonate leaching of lateritic reduced ores, in whose process, the useful volume of the miniseries diminishes with the operation time. This premise will allow to optimize in future works at commercial scale, the specific velocity of the air [Qa, m³/(t·min)] and its corresponding: specific volumes of air (Va, m³/t) and volumetric air flows (Ga, m³/h) in each TA with the economic purpose of increasing those leached of Ni and Co in the IraEL.

En el presente trabajo experimental se obtuvo a escala de Unidad Demostrativa de Producción (UDP) un modelo matemático estadístico exponencial con un coeficiente de distribución (R²= 0,9998) para determinar el tiempo de residencia real (TR) de la pulpa en las miniseries de Ira Etapa de la Planta de Lixiviación (IraEL) de la Empresa de Punta Gorda, en función del flujo de pulpa (Qpulpa) que se alimenta a cada miniserie de turbo-aireadores (TA) dentro del rango de valores de (105 a 282) m³/h, caracterizado por la ecuación TR = 13297*(Qpulpa)-0.999;min, la cual, también valida, la efectividad de la modificación a la metodología de procesamiento de los resultados experimentales, obtenidos al emplear el carbonato de sodio como trazador, basada en el método de aproximaciones sucesivas que posibilita determinar el TR en las condiciones industriales particulares de la lixiviación carbonato-amoniacal de minerales lateríticos reducidos, en cuyo proceso, el volumen útil de las miniseries disminuye con el tiempo de operación. Esta premisa permitirá optimizar, en futuros trabajos a escala comercial, la velocidad específica del aire [Qa, m³/(t·min)] y sus correspondientes: volúmenes de aire específicos (Va, m³/t) y flujos volumétricos (Ga, m³/h) en cada TA con la finalidad económica de incrementar los lixiviados de Ni y Co en la IraEL.

54 downloads

12.

Comportamiento electroquímico del Fe y sus iones durante la lixiviación estándar QT de minerales reducidos en el proceso "Caron" con diferentes aireaciones
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R. Chang-Cardona, C. Antonio

; Rojas-Vargas, Armando

Tecnología Química

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aug 2014, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 145 - 157

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In this paper was confirmed for the experimental conditions of the QT test, that the redox potential of the pulp as a function of the C(Fe) in liquor, plotted by the Nernst equation, is divided into three well defined zones for different content of Fe2+ in MR. The first two zones are of most interest to regulate Qa in industrial practice by controlling the redox potential of the pulp. For the zone I, were obtained statistical equations that predict the values of the electrochemical potentials of the pulp as a function of the inverse content of Fe2+ in MR: at the end of mixing (MR - liquor), just before starting the aeration [Eºx, t = 0]; the «rupture» potential [Eºx, r] limiting the term zero-order reaction. While the redox potential more negative [Eºx, m], which initiates the zero-order reaction, reaching the maximum concentration of Fe in the liquor during the first minutes of leaching, described as an equation based on the variation of Qa and the % Fe2+ in MR. For the zone II, was obtained the equation that predicts the values of the electrochemical potential of the pulp [E0x ZII] as a logarithmic function of the C(Fe) by the first-order reaction by C(Fe), wherein the concentration of ions sulfur, unlike the zone I, exerts a statistically significant effect.

En el presente trabajo se corroboró para las condiciones experimentales de la prueba QT, que el potencial redox de la pulpa en función de la C(Fe) en licor, graficado por la ecuación de Nernst, se divide en tres zonas bien definidas para diferentes contenidos de Fe2+ en MR. Las dos primeras zonas son las de mayor interés para regular el Qa en la práctica industrial mediante el control del potencial redox de la pulpa. Para la zona I, se obtuvieron las ecuaciones estadísticas que predicen los valores de los potenciales electroquímicos de la pulpa en función del inverso del contenido de Fe2+ en MR: al finalizar el mezclado (MR con licor), justo antes de comenzar la aireación [Eºx, t=0]; el potencial de ruptura [Eºx, r] que limita el término de la reacción de orden cero por C(Fe). Mientras el potencial redox más negativo [Eºx, m], el cual inicia la reacción de orden cero, al alcanzar la máxima concentración de Fe en el licor durante los primeros minutos de lixiviación, se describió como una ecuación en función de la variación de Qa y el % de Fe2+ en MR. Para la Zona II, se obtuvo, la ecuación que predice los valores del potencial electroquímico de la pulpa [E0x ZII] como una función logarítmica de la C(Fe) por la reacción de primer orden por Fe, donde la concentración de los iones de azufre, a diferencia de la zona I, ejerce un efecto estadísticamente significativo.

40 downloads

13.

Comportamiento cinético de los iones de hierro durante la lixiviación estándar QT de minerales reducidos en el proceso "caron" con diferentes aireaciones
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Chang-Cardona, Antonio R.

; Rojas-Vargas, Armando

Tecnología Química

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aug 2013, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 193 - 206

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In the present study were obtained statistical equations of the kinetic (rate) constants of oxidation and hydrolysis of iron ions (K0 and K1) according to the variation of the specific air flow (Qa) and % Fe2+ in the reduced ore (MR) for two zones, for which one can predict their values for standard QT leaching conditions. Also shown are the graphics capabilities of these constants, which shows that in zones I and II, the two corresponding constant grow linearly with increasing Qa, when the % of Fe2+ in MR is constant, but if Qa is constant, then, K0 grows in the same way, as it increases the content of Fe2+ in MR, while for the first order reaction, K1 decreases. This determines the use of different aeration regimens in each zone to reduce the loss of cobalt. In this way it has been shown experimentally that the high aeration system currently used in the QT test does not guarantee reliable results for the indicator-reduced efficient of cobalt-by high values of the rate constants of the iron ions oxidation in the leach of any type of MR. Indicating the need to optimize specific air flow (Qa) for different contents of Fe2+ in MR that are used in industry. Likewise, it can be suggested that study for industrial leaching conditions.

En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron las ecuaciones estadísticas de las constantes de velocidad de oxidación e hidrólisis de los iones de hierro (K0 y K1) en función de la variación del flujo específico de aire (Qa) y el % de Fe2+ en minerales reducidos (MR) para las dos zonas evaluadas, por las cuales se puede pronosticar sus valores para las condiciones de la lixiviación estándar QT. También se muestran las funciones gráficas de dichas constantes, por las cuales se demuestra que en las zonas I y II, sus dos correspondientes constantes crecen linealmente al aumentar Qa, cuando el % de Fe2+ en MR es constante, pero si Qa es constante, entonces, K0 crece de la misma forma, a medida que se incrementa el contenido de Fe2+ en MR; mientras que para la reacción de primer orden, K1 disminuye. Esto determina el empleo de regímenes de aireación diferentes en cada zona para atenuar las pérdidas de cobalto. De esta forma se ha demostrado experimentalmente, que el elevado régimen de aireación empleado actualmente en la Prueba QT no garantiza resultados confiables para el indicador Extractable de cobalto por los altos valores de las constantes de velocidad de oxi-hidrólisis que provoca al lixiviar cualquier tipo de MR, indicando la necesidad de optimizar los flujos de aire específicos Qa para diferentes contenidos de Fe2+ en MR que se emplean en la industria. De la misma forma, se puede sugerir dicho estudio para las condiciones de la lixiviación industrial.

25 downloads

14.

PROP1 overexpression in corticotrophinomas: evidence for the role of PROP1 in the maintenance of cells committed to corticotrophic differentiation
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Araujo, Ricardo V.

; Chang, Claudia V.

; Cescato, Valter A. S.

; Fragoso, Maria Candida B. V.

; Bronstein, Marcello D.

; Mendonca, Berenice B.

; Arnhold, Ivo J. P.

; Carvalho, Luciani R. S.

Clinics

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jun 2013, Volume 68 N. 6 Pages 887 - 891

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: The expression of transcription factors involved in early pituitary development, such as PROP1 and POU1F1, has been detected in pituitary adenoma tissues. In this study, we sought to characterize the transcriptional profiles of PROP1, POU1F1, and TBX19 in functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in an attempt to identify their roles in tumorigenesis and hormone hypersecretion. METHODS: RT-qPCR analyses were performed to assess the transcriptional pattern of PROP1, POU1F1, TBX19, and hormone-producing genes in tissue samples of corticotrophinomas (n = 10), somatotrophinomas (n = 8), and nonfunctioning adenomas (n = 6). RESULTS: Compared with normal pituitary tissue, POU1F1 was overexpressed in somatotrophinomas by 3-fold. PROP1 expression was 18-fold higher in corticotrophinomas, 10-fold higher in somatotrophinomas, and 3-fold higher in nonfunctioning adenomas. TBX19 expression was 27-fold higher in corticotrophinomas. Additionally, the level of TBX19 mRNA positively correlated with that of pro-opiomelanocortin (r = 0.49, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that PROP1 is overexpressed in pituitary adenomas, mainly in corticotrophinomas. Together with previously published data showing that patients who harbor PROP1 loss-of-function mutations present a progressive decline in corticotrope function, our results support a role for PROP1 in pituitary tumor development and in the maintenance of cell lineages committed to corticotrophic differentiation.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(06)26 1309 downloads

15.

Oncogenic osteomalacia: loss of hypophosphatemia might be the key to avoid misdiagnosis
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Chang, Claudia V.

; Conde, Sandro J.

; Luvizotto, Renata A. M.

; Nunes, Vânia S.

; Bonates, Milla C.

; Felicio, Andre C.

; Lindsey, Susan C.

; Moraes, Flávia H.

; Tagliarini, José V.

; Mazeto, Glaucia M. F. S.

; Kopp, Peter

; Nogueira, Célia R.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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nov 2012, Volume 56 N. 8 Pages 570 - 573

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A osteomalacia oncogênica é um diagnóstico clínico desafiador, caracterizado pela perda renal de fosfato e baixos níveis de 1,25-di-hidroxivitamina D3, ocorrendo na presença de um tumor produtor de altos níveis de fator de crescimento de fibroblasto 23. No entanto, é possível que se trate muito mais de uma falha de diagnóstico clínico do que propriamente uma doença rara. Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 42 anos com histórico de fraqueza muscular progressiva por cinco anos e restrição à cadeira de rodas, sem diagnóstico. Seus exames laboratoriais evidenciavam baixos níveis de fósforo. A remoção cirúrgica de um hemangiopericitoma detectado previamente em cavidade nasal levou à resolução completa dos sintomas. Os autores enfatizam que, mesmo com a etiologia já evidenciada, o paciente consultou diversos clínicos no decorrer dos cinco anos até que fossem instituídos o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequados. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):570-3

Diagnosing oncogenic osteomalacia is still a challenge. The disorder is characterized by osteomalacia caused by renal phosphate wasting and low serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 occurring in the presence of a tumor that produces high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23. However, it is possible that the disease is much more misdiagnosed than rare. We present the case of a 42-year-old man with a long-term history of undiagnosed progressive muscle weakness. His laboratory results mainly showed low serum phosphate. Surgical removal of a nasal hemangiopericytoma that had been diagnosed five years earlier, brought him to a symptom-free condition. Even though knowing the underlying etiology would explain his osteomalacia, the patient sought medical help from countless physicians for five consecutive years, and only after adequate treatment a rewarding outcome was achieved. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):570-3

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