ABSTRACT The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of taurine on heat stress by evaluating them RNA and protein expressions of HSP90, 70 and 60in Ross broilers. Birds were distributed in a control group (CO) reared at 24ºC, a heat-stress group (HS) maintained at 34°C (weeks 3-5) and not supplemented with taurine, and a heat-stress group (HST) maintained at 34°C (weeks 3-5) and supplemented with 0.1% taurine from 2 weeks of age. The final body weight was significantly higher in the HST group than in the HS group (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of all three genes in the liver and of HSP90 in the muscle were significantly lower in the HST than in the HS group (p<0.05). In the liver, the expression of HSP70 and HSP60 proteins was significantly higher in the HS group compared with the CO and HST groups (p<0.05), while HSP90 expression was not different (p>0.05). In the muscle, HSP70 expression was significantly lower in the HST group than in the CO and HS groups and HSP60 expression was dramatically decreased in HS group, whereas no differences in HSP90 expression were detected among groups. In conclusion, the broilers exposed to heat stress and supplemented with taurine showed lower expressions of heat shock genes and proteins both in the liver and muscle tissues, indicating that taurine supplementation improved broiler thermo-tolerance.

Resumo Fundamento: Parâmetros hemorreológicos e glicêmicos e o HDL-colesterol são utilizados como biomarcadores da aterosclerose e trombose. Objetivo: Investigar a associação e a relevância clínica da velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS), fibrinogênio, glicose de jejum, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e HDL-colesterol na predição de eventos adversos cardiovasculares (EAC) importantes em pacientes ambulatoriais. Métodos: 708 pacientes estáveis ambulatoriais foram incluídos no estudo e acompanhados por um período médio de 28,5 meses. Os pacientes foram subdivididos em pacientes sem EAC e pacientes com EAC, que incluíram morte súbita cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio, doença coronariana recém-diagnosticada, e acidente vascular cerebral. Comparamos os parâmetros hemorreológicos, glicêmicos, e perfis lipídicos entre os grupos. Resultados: Pacientes com EAC apresentaram níveis significativamente mais elevados de VHS, fibrinogênio, glicose de jejum, e HbA1c, e níveis mais baixos de HDL-colesterol em comparação a pacientes sem EAC. VHS e níveis de fibrinogênio elevados, e baixos níveis de HDL-colesterol aumentaram significativamente o risco de EAC em análise de regressão multivariada. Além disso, VHS e fibrinogênio correlacionaram-se positivamente com HbA1c e negativamente com HDL-colesterol, mas não se correlacionaram com glicose de jejum. Conclusão: Distúrbios hemorreológicos, baixo controle glicêmico e baixo nível de HDL-colesterol correlacionam-se entre si e podem ser usados como marcadores substitutos simples, úteis, e como preditores de EAC e doença coronariana em pacientes ambulatoriais.

Abstract Background: Hemorheological and glycemic parameters and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are used as biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Objective: To investigate the association and clinical relevance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HDL cholesterol in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an outpatient population. Methods: 708 stable patients who visited the outpatient department were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 28.5 months. Patients were divided into two groups, patients without MACE and patients with MACE, which included cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed CHD, and cerebral vascular accident. We compared hemorheological and glycemic parameters and lipid profiles between the groups. Results: Patients with MACE had significantly higher ESR, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, while lower HDL cholesterol compared with patients without MACE. High ESR and fibrinogen and low HDL cholesterol significantly increased the risk of MACE in multivariate regression analysis. In patients with MACE, high fibrinogen and HbA1c levels increased the risk of multivessel CHD. Furthermore, ESR and fibrinogen were significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol, however not correlated with fasting glucose. Conclusion: Hemorheological abnormalities, poor glycemic control, and low HDL cholesterol are correlated with each other and could serve as simple and useful surrogate markers and predictors for MACE and CHD in outpatients.