Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque los pacientes con enfermedad celiaca (EC) tienen en su mayoría manifestaciones digestivas, algunos pueden presentarlas de índole extraintestinal (atípicas), como anemia crónica, ataxia y trastornos de la fertilidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos relacionados con EC en mujeres mexicanas con trastornos de la fertilidad. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles de mujeres que acudieron a valoración por trastornos de la fertilidad en un centro especializado. Se cuantificó h-tTG IgA, gliadina IgA II y gliadina IgG II; los títulos > 30 UI fueron considerados como positivos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 171 casos y 171 controles; 137 pacientes (80.1 %) tuvieron infertilidad y 34 (19.9 %), esterilidad. Ocho pacientes (4.6 %, IC 95 % = 2.3-8.9) tuvieron al menos un marcador positivo para EC comparadas con una mujer del grupo control (0.5 %, IC 95 % = 0.01-3, p = 0.04, razón de momios = 8.3). Seis de las ocho pacientes presentaron infertilidad inexplicable. Conclusiones: Hasta 4.6 % de las mujeres con infertilidad presentó al menos un marcador positivo para EC. Al igual que en otras partes del mundo, podría recomendarse el escrutinio para EC en mujeres con infertilidad, en especial en quienes padecen infertilidad inexplicable.

Abstract Background: Although most patients with celiac disease (CD) have digestive manifestations, in some of them they may be of extraintestinal (atypical) nature, such as chronic anemia, ataxia, and fertility disorders. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CD-related antibodies in Mexican women with fertility disorders. Material and methods: Case-control study of women who attended evaluation for fertility disorders in a specialized center. h-tTG-IgA, gliadin IgA II and gliadin IgG II were quantified; titers > 30 IU were considered positive. Results: One-hundred and seventy-one cases and 171 controls were included; 137 patients (80.1%) had infertility, and 34 (19.9%), sterility. Eight patients (4.6%, 95% CI = 2.3-8.9) had at least one positive marker for CD in comparison with one woman in the control group (0.5%, 95% CI = 0.01-3, p = 0.04, odds ratio = 8.3). Six of the eight patients had unexplained infertility. Conclusions: Up to 4.6% of women with infertility had at least one positive marker for CD. As in other parts of the world, screening for CD could be recommended in women with infertility, especially in those with unexplained infertility.

Resumen Uno de los subgéneros propuestos para Mimodromius Chaudoir, 1873 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) es Chubutianus Mateu, 1993, el cual incluye sólo dos especies endémicas de la Estepa Patagónica en la República Argentina, ambas reportadas en pocas localidades. En esta contribución se redescribe al subgénero Mimodromius (Chubutianus) y sus dos especies conocidas y se describen cuatro nuevas especies: M. (C.) anamariae n. sp., M. (C.) australis n. sp., M. (C.) malarguensis n. sp. y M. (C.) sanguillermensis n. sp. Se cita por primera vez el subgénero para Chile con la especie M. (C.) phaeoxanthus Chaudoir. El área de distribución queda restringida a la Zona de Transición Sudamericana. Se provee de una clave para la identificación de las especies del subgénero, se realizan comentarios biogeográficos del mismo y se proporcionan imágenes de los hábitos adultos de todas las especies descritas a la fecha de M. (Chubutianus).

Abstract Chubutianus Mateu, 1993 is one of the subgenera proposed for Mimodromius Chaudoir, 1873 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) which includes only two species endemic to the Patagonian steppe in the Republic of Argentina, which are known from few localities. In this contribution we redescribe the subgenus Mimodromius .Chubutianus) and the two known species and we describe four new species: M. (C.) anamariae n. sp., M. (C.) australis n. sp., M. (C.) malarguensis n. sp. and M. (C.) sanguillermensis n. sp. The subgenus is recorded for the first time in Chile with the species Mimodromius (C.) phaeoxanthus Chaudoir. The distribution area is restricted to the South American Transition Zone. A key for the identification of the species of the subgenus is provided, biogeographical comments are made on it and images of the adult habits of all described species of M. (Chubutianus) are provided.

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP, enfermedad limitada, en México, basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración entre el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensuaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad limitada, producto de las preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó críticamente la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas, antes de incorporarla a la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad limitada del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by rapid growth rate and development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of limited disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, for limited SCLC disease resulting from the same number of work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the guide. Conclusion: This guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of limited disease SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Estimar la carga de la pérdida permanente de productividad causada por infecciones respiratorias agudas en países sudamericanos en el 2019. Métodos. Se analizaron los datos de mortalidad del estudio sobre carga mundial de enfermedad del 2019 para estimar la carga de enfermedad atribuible a las infecciones respiratorias agudas. Se empleó un enfoque basado en el método del capital humano para estimar el costo de las pérdidas permanentes de productividad relacionadas con las enfermedades respiratorias. Para ello, la suma de los años perdidos de vida productiva por cada muerte se multiplicó por la proporción de la fuerza de trabajo y la tasa de empleo y, a continuación, por el salario mínimo anual o la paridad del poder adquisitivo en dólares estadounidenses en los grupos etarios económicamente activos de cada país. Se realizaron cálculos separados para hombres y mujeres. Resultados. El número total de muertes por infecciones respiratorias agudas en el 2019 fue de 30 684 y se perdieron 465 211 años de vida productiva. El costo total de la pérdida permanente de productividad fue de aproximadamente US$ 835 millones según el salario mínimo anual y de US$ 2000 millones en cuanto a la paridad de poder adquisitivo, lo que representa el 0,024% del producto interno bruto de la región. El costo por muerte fue de US$ 33 226. El costo de la pérdida de productividad difirió sustancialmente entre los países y según el sexo. Conclusión. Las infecciones respiratorias agudas suponen una carga económica significativa para América del Sur en términos de salud y productividad. La caracterización de los costos económicos de estas infecciones puede ayudar a los gobiernos en la asignación de recursos para elaborar políticas e intervenciones que permitan reducir la carga de las infecciones respiratorias agudas.

RESUMO Objetivos. Estimar a carga de perdas permanentes de produtividade causadas por infecções respiratórias agudas em países da América do Sul em 2019. Métodos. Dados de mortalidade do estudo Carga Global de Doença 2019 foram analisados para estimar a carga de doença atribuível a infecções respiratórias agudas. Utilizou-se uma abordagem baseada no método do capital humano para estimar o custo das perdas permanentes de produtividade associadas às doenças respiratórias. Para calcular esse custo, a soma dos anos de vida produtiva perdidos devido a cada morte foi multiplicada pela proporção da força de trabalho e da taxa de emprego. Em seguida, esse valor foi multiplicado pelo salário mínimo anual ou pela paridade do poder de compra, em dólares dos Estados Unidos (US$), de cada país nas faixas etárias economicamente ativas. Foram feitos cálculos separados para homens e mulheres. Resultados. O número total de mortes por infecções respiratórias agudas em 2019 foi de 30 684, com 465 211 anos de vida produtiva perdidos. O custo total da perda permanente de produtividade foi de cerca de US$ 835 milhões com base no salário mínimo anual e US$ 2 bilhões em paridade de poder de compra, o que representa 0,024% do produto interno bruto da região. O custo por morte foi US$ 33 226. O custo da perda de produtividade diferiu substancialmente entre os países e por sexo. Conclusão. As infecções respiratórias agudas impõem uma carga econômica significativa à América do Sul em termos de saúde e produtividade. A caracterização dos custos econômicos dessas infecções pode fundamentar as decisões de alocação de recursos tomadas pelos governos para desenvolver políticas e intervenções com o intuito de reduzir a carga das infecções respiratórias agudas.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To estimate the burden of permanent productivity losses caused by acute respiratory infections in South American countries in 2019. Methods. Mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were analyzed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to acute respiratory infections. An approach based on the human capital method was used to estimate the cost of permanent productivity losses associated with respiratory diseases. To calculate this cost, the sum of the years of productive life lost for each death was multiplied by the proportion in the workforce and the employment rate, and then by the annual minimum wage or purchasing power parity in United States dollars (US$) for each country in the economically active age groups. Separate calculations were done for men and women. Results. The total number of deaths from acute respiratory infections in 2019 was 30 684 and the years of productive life lost were 465 211 years. The total cost of permanent productivity loss was about US$ 835 million based on annual minimum wage and US$ 2 billion in purchasing power parity, representing 0.024% of the region’s gross domestic product. The cost per death was US$ 33 226. The cost of productivity losses differed substantially between countries and by sex. Conclusion. Acute respiratory infections impose a significant economic burden on South America in terms of health and productivity. Characterization of the economic costs of these infections can support governments in the allocation of resources to develop policies and interventions to reduce the burden of acute respiratory infections.

Abstract Introduction: Colon cancer diagnosis is usually performed late; so, it is necessary to search for prevention options. In vivo models are an option for the evaluation of chemopreventive agents, which are based mainly on the induction and promotion of carcinogenesis; however, they take a long time. This work aimed to evaluate and propose a carcinogenesis model, with tumor manifestation in a short time to prove the efficacy of chemopreventive compounds. Method: Colon carcinogenesis was induced in three groups (n = 7) male BALB/c mice with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The damage was assessed 14 weeks after the induction. Protocols were: 1) P1: two AOM injections and two DSS cycles at 1.5 % for five days, with three resting days between cycles; 2) P2: one AOM injection and two DSS cycles at 2 % for seven days with five rest days, and 3) P3: one AOM injection and two DSS cycles at 2 % for four days, with four resting days. Negative control was used in parallel, P0: with one injection of saline solution and water ad libitum. Weight, disease activity index (DAI), survival, tumor incidence, lipids, and protein oxidation were determined. Results: P2 showed greater severity in the assessed signs (100 % tumor incidence, colon weight/length ratio 101.68 ± 2.99 mg/cm), with low survival (43 %). P1 depicted lower mortality (14 %) and 83 % tumor incidence, without a significant difference to P2. P3 developed the disease but to a lesser degree (33 % tumor incidence). Furthermore, the three protocols showed lipid oxidation (0.4-0.58 ng/μg of protein) and proteins oxidation (0.6-1 ng/μg of protein). The P1 and P3 induction protocols presented less mortality, weight loss, and acceptable DAI, a weight/length ratio higher than the negative control and presence of tumors. Discussion or Conclusion: The use of AOM (10mg/kg) combined with DSS (1.5-2 %) are suitable models to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of compounds of interest, inflammation signs, lipids and proteins oxidation and a survival number adequate to perform the statistical analysis leading to accurate conclusions. Therefore, P1 and P3 are protocols that can be used in chemoprevention assays with satisfactory results.

Resumen Introducción: El diagnóstico del cáncer de colon suele realizarse de forma tardía, por lo que suelen buscarse varias opciones para su prevención. Para esto, los modelos in vivo resultan una opción para la evaluación de agentes quimiopreventivos. Estos modelos se basan principalmente en la inducción y promoción de la carcinogénesis; sin embargo, tardan mucho tiempo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar y proponer un modelo de carcinogénesis con manifestación tumoral en menos tiempo, para comprobar la eficacia de compuestos quimiopreventivos. Método: Se indujo carcinogénesis de colon en tres grupos (n = 7) de ratones macho BALB/c con azoximetano (AOM) y dextran sulfato de sodio (DSS). El daño se evaluó 14 semanas después de la inducción. Los protocolos fueron los siguientes: 1) P1: dos inyecciones de AOM y dos ciclos de DSS al 1.5 % durante cinco días, con tres días de descanso entre ciclos; 2) P2: una inyección de AOM y dos ciclos de DSS al 2 % durante siete días, con cinco días de descanso, y 3) P3: una inyección de AOM y dos ciclos de DSS al 2 % durante cuatro días, con cuatro días de reposo. Se utilizó control negativo en paralelo, P0: con una inyección de solución salina y agua ad libitum. Se determinó peso, índice de actividad de la enfermedad (DAI), supervivencia, incidencia de tumores, lípidos y oxidación de proteínas. Resultados: P2 mostró mayor severidad en los signos evaluados (100 % de incidencia de tumores, peso/longitud de colon 101.68 ± 2.99 mg/cm), con baja supervivencia (43 %); P1 presentó menor mortalidad (14 %) y 83 % de incidencia de tumores, sin diferencia significativa con P2. P3 desarrolló la enfermedad, pero en menor grado (33 % incidencia de tumores). Además, los tres protocolos mostraron oxidación de lípidos (0.4-0.58 ng/μg de proteína) y proteínas (0.6-1 ng/μg de proteína). Los protocolos de inducción P1 y P3 presentaron menor mortalidad, pérdida de peso y DAI aceptable, relación peso/longitud de colon superior al control negativo y presencia de tumores. Discusión o Conclusión: El uso de AOM (10mg/kg) combinado con DSS (1.5-2 %) son modelos adecuados para evaluar el efecto carcinogénico de compuestos de interés, signos de inflamación, oxidación de lípidos y proteínas, y un número de supervivencia necesario para realizar el análisis estadístico que conduzca a conclusiones certeras. Por tanto, P1 y P3 son protocolos que pueden utilizarse con resultados satisfactorios para los ensayos de quimioprevención.

Abstract Introduction: Whether there is an influence of the ABO blood system on susceptibility to the disease and its severity is unknown. Objective: To analyze if there is an association between the ABO blood system phenotypes and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity. Material and methods: The frequency of ABO antigens was compared in 73 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 52 clinically healthy donors. The severity of the infection was evaluated by comparing the frequency of antigens by severity of the disease and mortality. Results: The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is increased in subjects with antigen A vs non-A subjects (OR=1.45; 95 %: 1.061-1.921). Blood phenotype O decreases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR= 0.686; 95 % CI: 0.522-0.903). No differences were found regarding disease severity. The mortality risk is increased in subjects antigen A vs non-A (OR= 3.34; 95% IC: 1.417-8.159). Conclusion: Blood group A is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not for disease severity, although in critically ill patients it is a risk factor for mortality.

Resumen Introducción: Se desconoce si existe una influencia del sistema sanguíneo ABO en susceptibilidad y gravedad de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar si existe una asociación entre los antígenos del sistema ABO y la susceptibilidad y gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Se compararon las frecuencias de los antígenos del sistema ABO en 73 casos confirmados de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y 52 donadores clínicamente sanos. La gravedad de la infección se evaluó comparando la frecuencia de los antígenos por gravedad de la enfermedad y la mortalidad. Resultados: El riesgo de padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2 se incrementa en sujetos con antígeno A vs los no-A (OR=1.45; IC95 %:1.061-1.921). El fenotipo sanguíneo O disminuye el riesgo de padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0.686; IC95 %: 0.522-0.903). No se encontraron diferencias entre la gravedad de la enfermedad. En los pacientes graves, el riesgo de mortalidad se incrementó en sujetos con antígeno A vs los no-A (OR= 3.34; IC95 %: 1.417-8.159). Conclusión: El grupo sanguíneo A es un factor de riesgo para padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2, no así en la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero en los pacientes graves fue un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad.

The properties of high-concentration titanium dioxide slurries under UV irradiation were studied for photocatalytic oxidation of contaminants. Commercial nanoparticles of TiO2 (Evonik AeroxideÒ P25) at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g L-1 were irradiated by a mercury lamp (254 nm). At neutral pH, within the studied concentration range, nanoparticles form agglomerates of tens of micrometers. Their size, measured by optical microscopy, increases linearly with catalyst concentration. The attenuation length of the UV radiation was measured by a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The concentration of the model contaminant (Orange II) was determined by spectrophotometry at intervals of 20 minutes, during the irradiation time (6 hours). The measured values fit satisfactorily to a pseudo first order kinetics. At catalyst concentrations of 1 g L-1 and higher, the kinetic constant is (8.1 ± 0.5) × 10-3 min-1. This is explained by the diminution of the attenuation length and the simultaneous increase of the total exposed surface at higher catalyst concentrations.

Se estudiaron las propiedades de los barros ("slurries") de alta concentración de dióxido de titanio bajo irradiación UV para la oxidación fotocatalítica de contaminantes. Se usaron nanopartículas de TiO2 de origen comercial (Evonik AeroxideÒ P25) a concentraciones de 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 y 2.5 g L-1, irradiadas por una lámpara de mercurio (254 nm). A pH neutro, dentro del rango de concentraciones estudiado, las nanopartículas forman aglomerados de algunas decenas de micrones. Su tamaño, determinado mediante microscopía óptica, aumenta linealmente con la concentración de catalizador. La longitud de atenuación de la radiación UV se determinó mediante un espectrofotómetro con esfera integradora. Los resultados concuerdan con un modelo simple basado en la aproximación de óptica geométrica. La concentración de contaminante modelo (Orange II) se determinó por espectrofotometría a intervalos de 20 minutos durante el tiempo de irradiación (6 horas). Los valores obtenidos ajustan bien a una cinética de pseudo primer orden. Para concentraciones de catalizador de 1 g L-1 y superiores, la constante cinética es de (8.1 ± 0.5) × 10-3 min-1. Esto se explica por la disminución de la longitud de atenuación y el incremento simultáneo de la superficie total expuesta al aumentar la concentración de catalizador.

A prática profissional dos agentes relacionados com os ginásios e health clubs nacionais tem vindo a evidenciar várias fraquezas, limitações, e preocupações que carecem de ações concretas de reflexão e ação. O presente artigo visa evidenciar algumas problemáticas identificadas no decurso profissional dos autores, relevando pontos fulcrais de premente reflexão, apontando lacunas concretas, destacando problemas de cariz moral e deontológico, e tentando deixar linhas de reflexão sobre futuros passos na procura da elevação da qualidade profissional nestes espaços de prática, assim como a dignificação de toda uma área profissional que é cada vez mais necessária à sociedade portuguesa. Expõem-se ao longo do trabalho situações de reflexão concretas associadas à necessidade de definição de um perfil profissional adequado a essas práticas, à desregulação da qualidade do produto apresentado à sociedade, às inconsistências comportamentais do diretor técnico e técnico de exercício físico face ao postulado e aceite do ponto de vista moral, deontológico e legislativo, e por fim na necessidade premente de regulamentação adicional nas ações certificadas promovidas por entidades de formação nacionais.

The professional practice of agents related to national gyms and health clubs has been showing several weaknesses, limitations, and concerns that lack concrete actions for reflection and action. This letter aims to highlight some of the problems identified by the authors’ during their professional course and practice. An attempt to underline points of reflection, to indicate concrete gaps, to emphasize problems of moral and deontological nature will be stated. Moreover, some of the mentioned arguments intend to reflect on structured steps searching for the elevation of professional quality in these practices, as well as the dignification of an entire professional class that is increasingly necessary for Portuguese society. Throughout this work, concrete situations of reflection are exposed, associated with the need to define an appropriate professional profile to these practices, the deregulation of the quality of the product presented to society, the behavioral inconsistencies of the exercise professional and technical director in the face of the postulate and accepted from a moral, deontological and legislative point of view. Finally, current study will address the pressing need for additional regulation in certified actions promoted by national training entities.

RESUMO Pycnolejeunea é um gênero pantropical e está representado no Brasil por nove espécies, de acordo com o presente tratamento. Pycnolejeunea chocoensis M.E. Reiner & Gradst., descrita recentemente para Colômbia, está sendo citada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Descrições são apresentadas para todas as espécies e ilustração apenas para Pycnolejeunea contigua (Nees) Grolle, Pycnolejeunea chocoensis, Pyconolejeunea papillosa X.-L. He e Pycnolejeunea porrectilobula C.J. Bastos & O. Yano. Uma chave para identificação das espécies de Pycnolejeunea que ocorrem no Brasil é também apresentada.

ABSTRACT Pycnolejeunea is a pantropical genus represented in Brazil by nine species, according to the present treatment. Pycnolejeunea chocoensis M.E. Reiner & Gradst., recently described for Colombia, is being cited for the first time for Brazil. Descriptions are given for all species and illustrations only for Pycnolejeunea chocoensis, Pycnolejeunea contigua (Nees) Grolle, Pycnolejeunea papillosa X.-L. He and Pycnolejeunea porrectilobula C.J. Bastos & O. Yano. A key to the species of Pycnolejeunea occurring in Brazil is also presented.

ABSTRACT Ammonium (NH4 +) toxicity in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) may be mitigated by Si application. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction effect of Si and high level of NH4 + on yellow passionfruit seedlings nutrition, physiology, growth, and DM production. Pots were filled with pinus bark and nutrition solution was applied. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with five replicates, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme: two ratios of NH4 + and nitrate, NO3 + (40/60%, without high level of NH4 +; and 75/25%, with high level of NH4 +) at N concentration of 13 mmol N L-1, in the absence and presence of Si (2.0 mmol L-1). Sixty days after seedling transplant it was evaluated: N, Si, K, Ca and Mg root and shoots accumulation, leaf green color index (GCI), electrolyte leakage index (ELI), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stem diameter, leaf area, root length, N use efficiency (NUE) and root and shoot DM content. Plants cultivated with Si had 19.1% and 16.3% lower Tr and gs, respectively, regardless NH4 + concentration. Moreover, Ci and Pn were 13.2% and 16.4%, respectively, higher in plants that received Si. Plants cultivated under high NH4 + concentrations, with Si application had 17% bigger stem diameter and 15.4% bigger root length than plants without Si application. Si application in yellow passionfruit seedlings cultivated with high level of NH4 + increased accumulation and NUE, root length, root DM, and GCI. In addition, Si application reduced ELI, which resulted in higher stem diameter. These results prove that Si application mitigates NH4 + toxicity in yellow passionfruit seedlings

Resumen Las Zonas Económicas Especiales (ZEEs) son áreas geográficas delimitadas ubicadas dentro de las fronteras de un país con el objetivo de impulsar la economía local de una región específica. Las ZEEs tienen múltiples beneficios laborales y fiscales que les permiten mejorar el nivel económico de la región a través de la generación de empleos de calidad, crecimiento de las exportaciones, inversión gubernamental y transferencia de tecnología, solo por nombrar algunos. China y otros países han demostrado los beneficios de las Zonas Económicas Especiales y su impacto económico para la región local. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una metodología basada en Programación Lineal Entera para generar ZEE tomando en consideración la población de la región, la distancia y el tiempo de viaje entre los municipios, la infraestructura de la región y las Leyes Federales impuestas por los gobiernos. Los resultados experimentales basados en instancias reales del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México, validan el método y permiten una visualización gráfica de la solución.

Abstract Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are delimited geographic areas located within the borders of a country with the objective of stimulating the local economy of a specific region. SEZs have multiple labor and fiscal benefits that allow them to enhance the economic level of the region through the generation of quality jobs, export growth, government investment, and technology transfer, just to name a few. China and other countries have demonstrated the benefits of SEZs and their economic impact on the local region. This article proposes a method based on Integer Linear Programming to delineate SEZs in a way that takes into account the population of the region, the distance and travel time between municipalities, the infrastructure of the region, and the Federal Laws imposed by the government. Experimental results based on real instances concerning the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México, validate the method and enable a graphical visualization of the solution.

Abstract Background Freshwater anamorphic ascomycetes are of great importance in lotic systems since they degrade submerged plant material and takes part in trophic chains. Studies on this group of fungi in Mexico are scarce. Objective To describe the diversity of freshwater anamorphic ascomycetes present in the waterfalls of a Protected Natural Area of Tabasco. Methods Foam samples were taken and processed using the conidiospore observation technique in fixed preparations from the water foam. Results and conclusions Nine species were identified, which are registered for the first time in the state of Tabasco and in Mexico: Campylospora chaetocladia, Diplocladiella taurina, Heliscus tentaculus, Jaculispora submersa, Lunulospora curvula, Miladina lecithina, Triscelophorus acuminatus, Triscelophorus monosporus, and Trisulcosporium acerinum. T. acuminatus, M. lecithina, and T. acerinum were the most abundant species. This is the first study in Mexico of this group of fungi.

Resumen Antecedentes Los ascomicetes anamórficos dulceacuícolas tienen gran importancia en los sistemas lóticos ya que degradan material vegetal sumergido e intervienen en las cadenas tróficas. Los estudios sobre este grupo de hongos en México son escasos. Objetivo Describir la diversidad de los ascomicetes anamórficos dulceacuícolas presentes en las cascadas de un Área Natural Protegida de Tabasco. Métodos Se tomaron muestras de espuma que fueron procesadas mediante la técnica observación de conidiosporas en preparaciones fijas a partir de la espuma del agua. Resultados y conclusiones Se identificaron 9 especies, que se registran por primera vez en el estado de Tabasco y en México: Campylospora chaetocladia, Diplocladiella taurina, Heliscus tentaculus, Jaculispora submersa, Lunulospora curvula, Miladina lecithina, Triscelophorus acuminatus, Triscelophorus monosporus y Trisulcosporium acerinum. T. acuminatus, M. lecithina y T. acerinum fueron las especies más abundantes. Este es el primer estudio en México de este grupo de hongos.

Abstract Natural products are a major source of drugs for the treatment of cancer. The species Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm, Zingiberaceae, is widely distributed in Brazil where it is known as “colônia”. The leaves are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and dyspepsia, however, the effects of A. zerumbet extracts and isolated substances on human cancer cells remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts from A. zerumbet leaves and to investigate their in vitro antiproliferative activity. The isolated phytochemicals included kaempferol, dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain, 5,6-dehydrokavain, and pinostrobin. The hydroalcoholic extract inhibited cellular proliferation only at high concentrations, while the dichloromethane extract showed a moderate antiproliferative effect against leukemia and lung tumor cell lines. 5,6-Dehydrokavain showed potent cytostatic activity against glioblastoma cells and a moderate effect on all other tumor cell lines. Pinostrobin showed potent activity against leukemia and breast tumor cell lines and moderate cytostatic effect against ovarian cell. Furthermore, this is the first report on the isolation of kaempferol and pinostrobin from A. zerumbet leaves. Moreover, the purification process described in this study was effective. These results suggest that A. zerumbet leaves are a promising source of anticancer compounds.