Abstract An insect gall inventory was carried out in two reserves of the Peruvian Amazon, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve and Quistococha Regional Reserve, both situated in Iquitos, northeastern Peru. Four vegetation types were surveyed between December, 2021 and December, 2022: terra firme forest, white-sand wet forest, and white-sand dry forest in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, and palm swamp forest in Quistococha Regional Reserve. Overall, we found 262 gall morphotypes, distributed across 75 host species representing 66 plant genera and 30 families. Fabaceae was the plant family with the greatest number of gall morphotypes (n = 48), followed by Calophyllaceae (n = 21) and Euphorbiaceae (n = 20). The plant genera that supported the highest diversity of galls were Caraipa (n = 17), Eschweilera (n = 16), Tapirira (n = 16), Micrandra (n = 14), and Iryanthera (n = 10). The plant species Tapirira guianensis (n = 16), Caraipa utilis (n = 14), Micrandra elata (n = 14), Eschweilera coriacea (n = 11), and Sloanea parvifructa (n = 10) exhibited the highest richness of galls. Among the host plants, C. utilis stands alone as the only species noted as both endemic to the Amazonian region and bearing a Vulnerable (VU) conservation status. The leaves were the most attacked organs (90% of all galls). Most morphotypes are glabrous (89%), green (67%), globoid (53%), and one-chambered (91%). We found galling insects belonging to the orders Diptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera. The galling insects of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most common, inducing 22% of the gall morphotypes. In addition to the gallers, we also observed the presence of successors, cecidophages, and parasitoids. Among the sampled vegetation types, the terra firme forest presented the highest richness of gall morphotypes and host plant species. This is the first systematic inventory of insect galls in this part of the Peruvian Amazon.

Resumo Um inventário de galhas de insetos foi realizado em duas reservas da Amazônia peruana, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana e Reserva Regional Quistococha, ambas situadas em Iquitos, nordeste do Peru. Quatro tipos de vegetação foram pesquisados entre dezembro de 2021 e dezembro de 2022: floresta de terra firme, floresta úmida de areia branca e floresta seca de areia branca na Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana, e floresta de pântano de palmeiras na Reserva Regional Quistococha. No total, encontramos 262 morfotipos de galhas, distribuídos em 75 espécies hospedeiras representando 66 gêneros de plantas e 30 famílias. Fabaceae foi a família de plantas com o maior número de morfotipos de galhas (n = 48), seguida por Calophyllaceae (n = 21) e Euphorbiaceae (n = 20). Os gêneros de plantas que apresentaram a maior diversidade de galhas foram Caraipa (n = 17), Eschweilera (n = 16), Tapirira (n = 16), Micrandra (n = 14) e Iryanthera (n = 10). As espécies de plantas Tapirira guianensis (n = 16), Caraipa utilis (n = 14), Micrandra elata (n = 14), Eschweilera coriacea (n = 11) e Sloanea parvifructa (n = 10) apresentaram a maior riqueza de galhas. Dentre as plantas hospedeiras, C. utilis destaca-se como a única espécie listada como endêmica da região amazônica e com um status de conservação Vulnerável (VU). As folhas foram os órgãos mais atacados (90% de todas as galhas). A maioria dos morfotipos é glabra (89%), verde (67%), globoide (53%) e possui apenas uma câmara interna (91%). Encontramos insetos galhadores pertencentes às ordens Diptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera e Hemiptera. Os insetos galhadores da família Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) foram os mais comuns, induzindo 22% dos morfotipos de galhas. Além dos galhadores, também observamos a presença de sucessores, cecidófagos e parasitoides. Entre os tipos de vegetação amostrados, a floresta de terra firme apresentou a maior riqueza de morfotipos de galhas e espécies de plantas hospedeiras. Este é o primeiro inventário sistemático de galhas de insetos nesta região da Amazônia peruana.

ABSTRACT In central Mexico, two important Cretaceous tectonic events have been identified: the accretion of the Guerrero Terrain (Early Cretaceous) and the beginning of the Mexican Orogen (Late Cretaceous-Paleogene). Both events present a direction of tectonic transport to the northeast in the center of México, and they have been studied both in the Mesa Central and in the Sierra Madre Oriental. However, little study has characterized the contractile deformation in the border between both provinces. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the Late Cretaceous deformation in central Mexico, this research focuses on the border of both provinces, especially in the Juriquilla, San Miguel de Allende localities, and Sierra de los Cuarzos. The objectives of this research were a) Identify the contractile deformation of the Mesozoic rocks in the study area. b) Determine variations in the direction of tectonic transport of the study area concerning the Mesa Central and Sierra Madre Oriental. In this research, new structural data and U-Pb ages in detrital zircon grains are reported. The possibility of having two contractive deformation events is discussed. The D1 event is inferred contemporary to the accretion of the Guerrero Terrain and is observed in the oldest rocks of Sierra de los Cuarzos. On other hand, the maximum deposit ages obtained in San Miguel de Allende and Juriquilla, 110.2 ± 0.8 Ma and 110.5 ± 0.9 Ma (Early Albian), respectively, limit the age of the D2 deformation, being after ~ 110 Ma. Therefore, this resulting deformation contemporaneous with the formation of the Mexican Orogen. Event D2 is observed in all three areas. Through the structural analysis it was determined that D1 has a direction of transport to the southeast, while D2 has a direction of transport to the west-southwest or southwest. These transport directions differ from that of the Guerrero Terrain accretion and from the formation of the Mexican Orogen. This difference in the direction of transport could be the product of retrodeformation, and or heterogeneities in the basement.

RESUMEN En el centro de México se han identificado dos eventos tectónicos importantes del Cretácico: la acreción del Terreno Guerrero (Cretácico Temprano) y la formación del Orógeno Mexicano (Cretácico Tardío-Paleógeno). Ambos eventos presentan una dirección de transporte tectónico al noreste en el centro del país, y han sido estudiados tanto en la Mesa Central, como en la Sierra Madre Oriental. No obstante, pocos trabajos han caracterizado la deformación contractiva en el límite entre ambas provincias. Con el fin de contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la deformación del Cretácico Tardío en el centro de México, el presente trabajo se enfoca en el límite de ambas provincias, especialmente en las localidades Juriquilla, San Miguel de Allende y la Sierra de los Cuarzos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) Identificar la deformación contractiva de las rocas mesozoicas de la zona de estudio. b) Determinar variaciones en la dirección de transporte tectónico de la zona de estudio con respecto a la Mesa Central y Sierra Madre Oriental. En este estudio se reportan nuevos datos estructurales y edades U-Pb en granos de circón detrítico. Se discute sobre la posibilidad de tener dos eventos de deformación contractiva. El evento D1 se infiere contemporáneo a la acreción del Terreno Guerrero y se observa en las rocas más antiguas de Sierra de los Cuarzos. Por su parte, las edades máximas de depósito obtenidas en San Miguel de Allende y Juriquilla, 110.2 ± 0.8 Ma y 110.5 ± 0.9 Ma (Albiano temprano), respectivamente, limitan la edad de la deformación D2, siendo posterior a los ~110 Ma. Por lo tanto, esta deformación resulta contemporánea a la formación del Orógeno Mexicano. El evento D2 se observa en las tres áreas. Mediante el análisis estructural se determinó que D1 tiene una dirección de transporte al sureste, mientras que D2 presenta una dirección de transporte general al oeste-suroeste o suroeste. Estas direcciones de transporte difieren al de la acreción del Terreno Guerrero y al de la formación del Orógeno Mexicano. Esta diferencia en la dirección de transporte podría ser producto de retrodeformación, y/o heterogeneidades en el basamento.

Abstract: The outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a threat to global health. We know that the risk of serious disease and death in COVID-19 cases increases with age and the presence of comorbid health conditions such as obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and immunosuppressed states such as cancer. Since the first case emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, huge research efforts have been made to understand the transmissibility mechanisms and potential therapeutic offerings that impact mortality rates. In this review, the potential challenges of the COVID-19 patient and lung cancer are raised.

Resumen: El brote de la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha convertido en una amenaza para la salud mundial. Sabemos que el riesgo de enfermedad grave y muerte en los casos de COVID-19 aumenta con la edad y la presencia de condiciones de salud comórbidas como obesidad, hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y estados de inmunosupresión como el cáncer. Desde la aparición del primer caso en Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019, se han llevado a cabo enormes esfuerzos de investigación para comprender los mecanismos de transmisibilidad y potenciales ofertas terapéuticas que impacten en las tasas de mortalidad. En esta revisión se plantean los potenciales desafíos del paciente infectado por COVID-19 y el cáncer pulmonar.

Abstract To assess the effect of beetles (Bruchidae) that consume seeds on the establishment of Prosopis laevigata in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, the damage they cause in the seeds of 20 trees was quantified. We assessed if the damage affects seed viability, if the beetles have preference for some seed size and if beetle size is related to the size of the seed from which it emerges. Twenty-two percent of the seeds presented damage by beetles in the pre-dispersion stage, and 2, 4 and 6 months after they had fallen to the ground, the damage was 32.0, 54.4 and 66.3%, respectively. The seeds damaged by beetles did not germinate because they damaged the embryo. Bruchids use larger sized seeds for oviposition and beetle size was positively and significantly related with the size of the seeds from which they emerged. The loss of seeds by bruchids and their preference for larger seeds to oviposit may limit the establishment of P. laevigata, although the potential ecological implications of this seed predation still needs to be assessed.

Resumen Para evaluar el efecto que pueden tener los escarabajos (Bruchidae) que consumen semillas durante el establecimiento del mezquite Prosopis laevigata en el valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, se cuantificó el daño en las semillas de 20 árboles. Se determinó si el daño afecta la viabilidad de las semillas, si los escarabajos tienen preferencia por algún tamaño de semilla y si el tamaño del escarabajo y el tamaño de la semilla de la cual emergen están relacionados. El 22% de las semillas presentó daño por escarabajos en la etapa de predispersión y el daño después de 2, 4 y 6 meses de que éstas caen al suelo fue de 32.0, 54.4 y 66.3%, respectivamente. Las semillas dañadas por los escarabajos no germinaron porque éstos dañan el embrión. Los brúquidos utilizan semillas de mayor tamaño para ovipositar y el tamaño de los escarabajos tuvo una relación positiva y significativa con el tamaño de las semillas de las cuales emergieron. La pérdida de semillas por brúquidos y su preferencia por semillas de mayor tamaño para ovipositar pueden limitar el establecimiento de P. laevigata, aunque aun quedan por evaluar las posibles implicaciones ecológicas de esta depredación de semillas en las poblaciones de mezquite.

Resumen Antecedentes: La mielopatía degenerativa canina (MD) es una enfermedad progresiva de presentación tardía que afecta a la médula espinal, generalmente en caninos de razas grandes, y que produce paresis progresiva y eventual pérdida completa de la movilidad. Se ha relacionado con una mutación puntual por sustitución de bases en el gen SOD1 recientemente identificado como c.118G>A. Objetivo: Determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y génicas para la presentación de DM en México. Métodos: Se genotipificaron 330 muestras de perros de 22 razas mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (PCR- RFLPs). Resultados: Se identificó la mutación en 71 animales de 11 razas diferentes. Las frecuencias génicas encontradas fueron de 0,78 para el alelo G y de 0,14 para el alelo A. Las frecuencias genotípicas fueron de 0,79 para el tipo silvestre G/G, 0,14 para el heterocigoto G/A y 0,7 para el homocigoto A/A. Conclusión: La frecuencia encontrada para la mutación es alta en las poblaciones estudiadas. La aplicación de un programa de selección asistida por marcadores moleculares contra la mutación causante de MDC en perros reproductores resultaría útil para reducir su frecuencia.

Abstract Background: Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a late-onset disease that primarily affects large-breed dogs. The disease involves the spinal cord and produces progressive paresia and, eventually, complete loss of mobility. DM has been related to missense mutation c.118G>A in the SOD1 gene. Objective: To determine the genotypic and genic frequencies of DM in Mexico. Methods: In total, 330 samples from 22 different dog breeds were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: The mutation was identified in 71 animals from 11 different breeds. Observed genic frequencies were 0.78 for the G allele and 0.14 for the A allele. Genotypic frequencies were 0.79 for the G/G wild-type, 0.14 for the G/A heterozygote, and 0.7 for the A/A homozygote. Conclusion: The genic frequency of this allele is high among the studied populations. A molecular marker program that identifies the DM mutation in breeding dogs should be implemented in order to reduce this frequency.

Resumo Antecedentes: A mielopatía degenerativa canina (MD) é uma doença progressiva de apresentação tardia que afeta a medula espinal geralmente de caninos de raças grandes e que produz paresia progressiva e eventualmente a perda completa da mobilidade. Tem sido relacionada com uma mutação pontual por substituição de bases no gen SOD1, recentemente identificado como c.118G>A. Objetivo: Determinar as frequências genotípicas e genéticas para a apresentação de DM no México. Métodos: Genotipagem de 330 amostras de cães de 22 raças por meio da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase e polimorfismos no comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (PCR- RFLPs). Resultados: A mutação foi identificada em 71 animais de 11 raças diferentes. As frequências gênicas encontradas foram de 0,78 para o alelo G e de 0,14 para o alelo A. As frequências genotípicas foram de 0,79 para o tipo silvestre G/G, 0,14 para o heterozigoto G/A e 0,7 para o homozigoto A/A. Conclusão: A frequência encontrada para a mutação é alta nas populações estudadas. A implementação de um programa de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares contra a mutação que causa MDC seria útil para reduzir a sua frequência.

ABSTRACT In 2016, an outbreak of hepatitis A was identified in the Malaga province among patients with specific epidemiological characteristics, which were predominantly males. This is a report of 51 subjects with acute hepatitis A and a mean age of 35.7 years, 90% were male and 55% of cases were men who had had sex with other men within the last two months. Half of them required hospitalization for significant coagulopathy at diagnosis and no cases progressed to fulminant failure or encephalopathy. Four patients had ascites at the time of diagnosis. This outbreak adds to those reported in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands with a similar number of cases and epidemiology. These studies highlight the importance of epidemiological surveillance, the need for vaccination in this particular at risk population and the need for informative campaigns in order to prevent this disease.

RESUMEN En el año 2016 se detectó en la provincia de Málaga un brote de hepatitis A en pacientes con características epidemiológicas especiales, con un predominio de sujetos del sexo masculino. Presentamos 51 casos de hepatitis A aguda con una media de edad de 35,7 años, el 90% varones, con un 55% de casos que reconocían haber mantenido relaciones sexuales con otros hombres en los últimos dos meses. La mitad de ellos requirieron ingreso hospitalario por coagulopatía significativa en el momento del diagnóstico, sin evolución a fallo fulminante, ni encefalopatía en ningún caso. Cuatro casos presentaban ascitis al diagnóstico. Este brote se suma a otros dos publicados en Reino Unido y Holanda con un número de casos similar y epidemiológicamente muy parecidos, lo cual refuerza la importancia de la vigilancia epidemiológica y la necesidad de vacunación en esta población de riesgo, así como de campañas informativas a la población para prevenir la enfermedad.

Abstract The GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes are key molecules in cellular detoxification. Null variants in these genes are associated with increase susceptibility to developing different types of cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes in Mestizo and Amerindian individuals from the Northwestern region of Mexico, and to compare them with those reported worldwide. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null variants were genotyped by multiplex PCR in 211 Mestizos and 211 Amerindian individuals. Studies reporting on frequency of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null variants worldwide were identified by a PubMed search and their geographic distribution were analyzed. We found no significant differences in the frequency of the null genotype for GSTT1 and GSM1 genes between Mestizo and Amerindian individuals. Worldwide frequencies of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes ranges from 0.10 to 0.51, and from 0.11 to 0.67, respectively. Interestingly, in most countries the frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is common or frequent (76%), whereas the frequency of the GSMT1 null genotype is very frequent or extremely frequent (86%). Thus, ethnic-dependent differences in the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null variants may influence the effect of environmental carcinogens in cancer risk.

Female patient, 28 years old, with a gestation of 14 weeks, natural and from Ilo-Moquegua. Came with a time of disease 4 days with hematemesis, melena, epigastric pain and syncope. Background of colonic resection for peritonitis due to trauma 20 years ago; upper gastrointestinal bleeding three years ago; paternal grandparents died of gastric cancer; chronic gastritis diagnosed from 19 year old. In laboratory studies hemoglobin of 9.2. In the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was found absence of active upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a large tumor in proximal body toward greater curvature and posterior wall, 8 cm in diameter approximately, lobed appearance, with most of the mucosal surface unscathed is evidence, areas of ulceration of 2-3 mm covered with fibrin (biopsies taken), hard consistency, tent sign (positive) and cushionsign (negative). Imaging studies such as MRI or CT were not possible due to the pregnancy. In the complete abdominal ultrasound only grade I hepatic steatosis was reported. The results of endoscopic biopsy showed cell proliferation ofepithelioid characteristics with atypia. Immunohistochemistry was performed indicating CD117 (positive), CD 34 (negative), Ki 67 (positive 1%). The final diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor epithelioid type with mitotic rate lower of 1%. Finally, surgical resection of the tumor was performed in which addition of 3 implants was found up to 1 cm in diameter in pancreatic peritoneum covering surface. We present the case as this is an unusual presentation of this tumor

Paciente mujer de 28 años de edad, con gestación de 14 semanas, natural y procedente de Ilo, Moquegua. Acudió con tiempo de enfermedad de 4 días con hematemesis, melenas, epigastralgia y síncope. Antecedente de resección colónica por peritonitis debido a un traumatismo hace 20 años; cuadro de hemorragia digestiva alta hace 3 años; abuelos paternos fallecidos de cáncer gástrico; gastritis crónica diagnosticada desde los 19 años de edad. Dentro de los estudios laboratoriales hemoglobina de 9,2. En el estudio de endoscopia digestiva alta se evidencia ausencia de hemorragia digestiva alta activa, una gran tumoración en cuerpo proximal hacia curvatura mayor y pared posterior, de aproximadamente 8 cm de diámetro, de aspecto lobulado, con la mayor parte de la superficie mucosa indemne, áreas de ulceración de 2 a 3 mm cubiertas de fibrina (de las cuales se toma biopsias), de consistencia dura, signo de la carpa (positivo) y signo del cojín (negativo). No se pudo realizar estudios de imagen como resonancia magnética o tomografía debido a la gestación. En la ecografía abdominal completa sólo se reportó esteatosis hepática de I grado. Los resultados de biopsia endoscópica indicaron proliferación celular de características epitelioides con atipia. Se realizó inmunohistoquímica indicando CD 117 (positivo), CD 34 (negativo), Ki 67 (positivo 1%). El diagnóstico final fue un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de tipo epitelioide con tasa mitótica menor de 1%. Finalmente se realizó resección quirúrgica del tumor, en la que además se encontró 3 implantes de hasta 1 cm de diámetro en peritoneo que cubrían la superficie pancreática. Presentamos el caso por ser esta una inusual presentación de este tipo de tumor

Este estudo teve como objetivos verificar a validade fatorial e a validade interna da versão brasileira do Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2) e comparar os principais motivos para prática de exercício tendo em conta os contextos de academia e personal training. Um total de 588 praticantes de exercício da cidade de Pelotas/RS/Brasil (405 de academia e 183 de personal training) preencheram o EMI-2, o qual é constituído por 51 itens, agrupados em 14 motivos (fatores) para prática de exercício físico. A validade fatorial do EMI-2 foi testada através da realização de análises fatoriais confirmatórias e a validade interna através do alfa de Cronbach. Para a verificar o efeito do contexto nos motivos foi utilizada a MANOVA e calculado o tamanho do efeito. Os resultados obtidos dão suporte à estrutura original do EMI-2 com 14 fatores, nesta amostra. Verificou-se um efeito multivariado significativo do contexto sobre os motivos de prática [Wilks’ λ = 0.912, F (14, 573.000) = 3.9, p < 0.001, η² = 0.088]. Os motivos de “Prazer”, “Força e resistência”, “Desafio”, “Socialização”, “Competição” e “Reconhecimento Social” foram significativamente superiores no contexto de academia e os motivos de “Agilidade” e “Prevenção de Doenças” foram significativamente superiores no contexto de personal training.

This study aimed to verify the factorial and internal validity of the Brazilian version of Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2) and compare the main reasons for exercise training considering the contexts of health clubs and personal training. A total of 588 exercisers of Pelotas city / RS / Brazil (405 from health clubs and 183 from personal training) filled the EMI-2, which consists of 51 items grouped into 14 motives (factors) for exercise. The factorial validity of the EMI-2 was tested by conducting confirmatory factorial analyzes and the internal validity by computing Cronbach’s alpha. To verify the effect of the context on the motives it was used the MANOVA test and calculated the effect-size. The results obtained support the EMI-2 original structure of 14 factors in this sample. There was a significant multivariate effect of the context on the motives for exercising [Wilks’ λ = 0.912, F (14, 573.000) = 3.9, p < 0.001, η² = 0.088]. The motives of "Pleasure", "Strength and Endurance", "Challenge", "Socialization", "Competition" and "Social Recognition" were significantly higher in the context of health clubs and the motives of "Agility" and "Prevention of Diseases" were significantly higher in the context of personal training.

The paper presents the main results achieved in the framework of the research project about urban crime and society. It sought to determine the factors that help to explain variations in the levels of victimization in urban areas of the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, seeking to answer questions left open by previous research. A household survey of 800 cases performed in this city in 2005 found a high variability in levels of victimization in areas of a similar level of social vulnerability, which is why we asked what other factors not included in the indicator of social vulnerability, explained the variability in levels of victimization. Proposed issue facing this project, for which a new survey in eight selected areas of the city was designed. 50 interviews in each area (400 in total) were performed in 2008. The comparative analysis showed, among other things, that in the context of poverty, the level of social vulnerability of households remains relevant in explaining differences in levels of victimization.

Se presentan los principales resultados alcanzados en el marco del proyecto sobre delincuencia urbana y sociedad. El mismo procuraba determinar los factores que contribuyen a explicar variaciones en los niveles de victimización en áreas urbanas de la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán, procurando responder a preguntas que dejaron abiertas investigaciones previas. Una encuesta domiciliaria de 800 casos realizada en esa ciudad en 2005 encontró una gran variabilidad en los niveles de victimización en zonas de un mismo estrato de vulnerabilidad social, razón por la cual nos preguntamos qué otros factores, no abarcados por el indicador de vulnerabilidad social, explicaban la variabilidad en los niveles de victimización. Cuestión que se proponía afrontar el presente proyecto, para el que se diseñó una nueva encuesta en ocho zonas seleccionadas de la ciudad. Se realizaron 50 entrevistas en cada zona (400 en total), en el año 2008. El análisis comparativo realizado mostró, entre otras cosas, que en el contexto de la pobreza, el nivel de vulnerabilidad social de los hogares no deja de ser relevante para explicar las diferencias en los niveles de victimización.

Um surto de raiva silvestre foi notificado em comunidades indígenas da Amazônia equatoriana em novembro de 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características do domicílio e aspectos sociodemográficos das famílias associados à percepção do aumento de mordeduras de morcegos hematófagos em humanos e gado doméstico, a fim de orientar a implementação de políticas locais de controle. Foram entrevistados 381 chefes de família das comunidades incluídas no programa de controle do surto. Entre os que possuem gado é maior a percepção de mordidas de morcego nos animais, apesar de terem também as piores condições de moradia, enquanto as famílias em melhores condições de moradia, com medidas de proteção, eletricidade e sem gado percebem um aumento nos ataques a humanos. A análise da percepção da frequência de mordidas é fundamental para incrementar a adesão às medidas de prevenção e vacinação.

An outbreak of sylvatic rabies was reported in indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon in November 2011. The objective of this study was to analyze family dwelling characteristics and other sociodemographic factors associated with the perception of an increase in hematophagous bat bites in humans and domestic animals to assist the implementation of intervention policies in the region. A total of 381 households from communities covered by the outbreak response activities were surveyed. Despite being associated with poorer dwelling conditions, the possession of domestic animals is associated with the perception of an increase in bat bites among animals. Better dwelling conditions, use of protective measures, access to electricity, and no domestic animals are variables associated with the perception of a rise in attacks on humans. The analysis of perceptions of bite frequency is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs and strategies to promote the adoption of preventive measures against rabies among the population.

En Ecuador se reportó un brote de rabia selvática en comunidades indígenas amazónicas en noviembre de 2011. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las viviendas de las familias, añadiendo aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a la percepción del aumento de mordeduras de murciélagos hematófagos en humanos y en ganado, con el fin de implementar políticas de intervención en la zona. Fueron encuestados 381 jefes de familia de las comunidades incluidas en el programa de primera intervención de vacunación. La posesión de ganado conduce a un aumento en la percepción de las mordeduras de murciélago en los animales y estas personas tienen casas con las peores condiciones de vivienda, donde pueden entrar y habitar murciélagos, mientras que las familias que tienen mejores condiciones de vivienda, con protección, electricidad y sin ganado perciben un aumento en los ataques a humanos. El análisis de la percepción de frecuencia de mordeduras es fundamental para lograr una adhesión a las medidas de prevención y vacunación.

Um surto de raiva silvestre foi notificado em comunidades indígenas da Amazônia equatoriana em novembro de 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características do domicílio e aspectos sociodemográficos das famílias associados à percepção do aumento de mordeduras de morcegos hematófagos em humanos e gado doméstico, a fim de orientar a implementação de políticas locais de controle. Foram entrevistados 381 chefes de família das comunidades incluídas no programa de controle do surto. Entre os que possuem gado é maior a percepção de mordidas de morcego nos animais, apesar de terem também as piores condições de moradia, enquanto as famílias em melhores condições de moradia, com medidas de proteção, eletricidade e sem gado percebem um aumento nos ataques a humanos. A análise da percepção da frequência de mordidas é fundamental para incrementar a adesão às medidas de prevenção e vacinação.

An outbreak of sylvatic rabies was reported in indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon in November 2011. The objective of this study was to analyze family dwelling characteristics and other sociodemographic factors associated with the perception of an increase in hematophagous bat bites in humans and domestic animals to assist the implementation of intervention policies in the region. A total of 381 households from communities covered by the outbreak response activities were surveyed. Despite being associated with poorer dwelling conditions, the possession of domestic animals is associated with the perception of an increase in bat bites among animals. Better dwelling conditions, use of protective measures, access to electricity, and no domestic animals are variables associated with the perception of a rise in attacks on humans. The analysis of perceptions of bite frequency is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs and strategies to promote the adoption of preventive measures against rabies among the population.

En Ecuador se reportó un brote de rabia selvática en comunidades indígenas amazónicas en noviembre de 2011. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las viviendas de las familias, añadiendo aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a la percepción del aumento de mordeduras de murciélagos hematófagos en humanos y en ganado, con el fin de implementar políticas de intervención en la zona. Fueron encuestados 381 jefes de familia de las comunidades incluidas en el programa de primera intervención de vacunación. La posesión de ganado conduce a un aumento en la percepción de las mordeduras de murciélago en los animales y estas personas tienen casas con las peores condiciones de vivienda, donde pueden entrar y habitar murciélagos, mientras que las familias que tienen mejores condiciones de vivienda, con protección, electricidad y sin ganado perciben un aumento en los ataques a humanos. El análisis de la percepción de frecuencia de mordeduras es fundamental para lograr una adhesión a las medidas de prevención y vacunación.

Introduction: intragastric balloons provide early satiety and thereby induce short-term weight loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and short and medium-term effectiveness of gastric balloons associated to hypocaloric diet in obesity. Material and methods: from May 2004 to June 2011 91 obese patients, body mass index [BMI] 45.2 ± 7.2 kg/m² were prospectively followed after endoscopic implantation of a gastric balloon associated to restricted diet. Successful therapy was defined as percent loss of total weight (%LTW) ≥ 5% at six months after balloon placement and 6 and 12 months after their withdrawal. All analyses followed intention-to treat principles considering significant p-values < 0.05. Results: we placed 73 fluid-filled balloons (80.2%) and 18 air-filled ones (19.8%). Compared to baseline values, at 6-month 73.7% subjects succeeded, showing significant reductions in weight (13.3 ± 8.8 kg), BMI (5 ± 3.4 kg/m²) (p < 0.0001), with% LTW 11 ± 7%. Six and twelve months after retrieval 45.1% and 28.6% patients reached% LTW ≥ 5%. Short-term and medium-term effectiveness was negatively associated to obesity in first-grade relatives (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04). Higher weight loss 6 months after balloon placement independently predicted medium-term effectiveness (p = 0.0001). Mortality was absent but there were two spontaneous deflations of air-filled balloons and severe withdrawal difficulties in 8 patients, leading to surgery in one case. Retrieval complications associated to air-filled balloons (p = 0.0005). Conclusions: in obesity, effectiveness of gastric balloons associated to hypocaloric diet decreases over time. Complications occurred mainly in the retrieval endoscopic procedure and related to air-filled balloons.

Introducción: el balón gástrico produce saciedad precoz favoreciendo la pérdida de peso en un corto plazo de tiempo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la seguridad y la efectividad del tratamiento mediante balón gástrico y dieta hipocalórica en la obesidad. Material y métodos: estudio de cohortes prospectivo en 91 pacientes obesos sometidos a balón gástrico durante 6 meses. Como criterio de efectividad se consideró el porcentaje de peso perdido (PPP) ≥ 5% 6 meses tras su colocación y 6 y 12 meses tras su retirada. Analizamos los resultados por intención de tratar, considerando significativos los valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: empleamos 73 balones rellenos de líquido (80,2%) y 18 de aire (19,8%). Tras 6 meses un 73,7% de pacientes alcanzó el objetivo terapéutico mostrando descenso de peso (13,3 ± 8,8 kg) e IMC (5 ± 3,4 kg/m²) (p < 0,0001), con PPP 11 ± 7%. Transcurridos 6 y 12 meses de la retirada un 45,1% y 28,6% mantenían un PPP ≥ 5%. La efectividad a corto y medio plazo se asoció negativamente con obesidad en familiares (p = 0,003 y p = 0,04). La pérdida ponderal lograda tras 6 meses se asoció con efectividad a medio plazo (p = 0,0001). No existió mortalidad, observando 2 desinflados espontáneos y 8 retiradas complicadas, requiriendo cirugía 1 paciente. Los balones rellenos de aire presentaron más complicaciones (p = 0,0005). Conclusiones: la efectividad del tratamiento combinando balón gástrico y dieta hipocalórica en la obesidad disminuye a lo largo del tiempo. Las complicaciones ocurrieron mayoritariamente durante la retirada endoscópica y con el empleo de balones rellenos de aire.

El concepto de vitalidad subjetiva se refiere a la sensación de estar "vivo" y "alerta"; es decir, de tener energía disponible para sí mismo, reflejando una experiencia psicológica de entusiasmo e inspiración. El propósito de esta investigación fue traducir y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión Portuguesa de la Subjective Vitality Scale, en una muestra de 935 practicantes de ejercicio, ambos hombres (344) y mujeres (591). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmaron la estructura unifactorial de la escala (S-B χ² = 34.93; p = .000; χ²/gl = 3.88; NNFI = .961; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .074 con 90% CI = .049 - .101). Asimismo, se obtuvieron resultados que evidenciaron validez concurrente con las versiones portuguesas de la Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale y de la Satisfaction with Life Scale. Del mismo modo, se documentan evidencias de fiabilidad, analizada como consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. Los resultados apoyan preliminarmente el uso de la versión portuguesa de la Subjective Vitality Scale en el contexto del ejercicio.

The concept of subjective vitality refers to the state of feeling alive and alert; to have energy available to oneself. The aim of the present study was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale in a sample of 935 exercisers, both men (344) and women (591). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good adjustment of the original factorial model (S-B χ² = 34.93; p = .000; χ²/gl = 3.88; NNFI = .961; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .074 con 90% CI =.049-.101). Also, concurrent validity was obtained through the application of the Portuguese versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. In the same way, reliability of the scale throughout the analysis of internal and temporary consistency was also demonstrated. The present findings support the use of the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale to assess vitality among Portuguese exercisers.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de traduzir e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Perceived Autonomy Support Exercise Climate Questionnaire, para avaliar a perceção do suporte de autonomia dado pelo professor de fitness, em linha com a teoria da autodeterminação. Para este propósito, recorreu-se a uma amostra de 935 praticantes de exercício, masculinos (N = 344) e femininos (N = 591), pertencentes a 16 academias da zona de Lisboa e litoral oeste de Portugal. As análises efetuadas revelaram que a versão traduzida possuía uma adequada validade interna, validade temporal, validade de construto e validade preditiva, dando sustentação à sua utilização em praticantes de exercício Portugueses.

The aim of the present study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Autonomy Support: Exercise Climate Questionnaire that measures the autonomy support given by fitness instructors in accordance with the self-determination theory. In order to fulfill such purpose, it was collected a sample of 935 fitness exercisers, male (N = 344) and female (N = 591) in 16 different Health Centers in the area of Lisbon and west coast of Portugal. The analysis performed revealed that the translated version had an adequate internal, temporal, construct and predictive validity, supporting its use with Portuguese exercisers.