Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging disease caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family. Since its first description in 1952, the disease has spread worldwide, affecting populations in both tropical and temperate countries. To date, there is no licensed vaccine or specific pharmacological treatment. Therefore, there is an increasing urgency in developing new antiviral drugs capable of specifically inhibiting viral replication. In the present work, we report the synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of nineteen naphthoquinone derivatives, containing a sulfonamide or sulfonate group. Cell viability assays indicated a low toxic potential for all tested compounds and inhibitory assays against CHIKV identified five compounds with potent activity. The compounds were also evaluated for their virucidal potential, and the results demonstrated that compound 11a exhibited a virucidal effect higher than 70% in the treatment with 20 µM. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed to predict the antiviral drug targets.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar a produção de conhecimento na literatura nacional e internacional sobre o absenteísmo dos pacientes nas consultas médicas agendadas. Método: Revisão Integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, acessadas pelo Portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com base na questão norteadora. Resultados: Foram encontrados 767 artigos e selecionados nove. O esquecimento predominou entre os motivos de ausência. Outros achados em relação ao custo para o serviço de saúde e estratégias para resolução do problema são apontados. Conclusão: Evidenciam-se, como focos dos estudos, a preocupação com a qualidade do atendimento, aumento das filas e alta demanda, bem como o custo dos pacientes ausentes. Apesar da relevância do tema para organização dos serviços de saúde, a literatura ainda é escassa.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the production of knowledge in national and international literature on patient absenteeism in scheduled medical consultations. Method: This is an integrative literature review in the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, Virtual Health Library of the São Paulo State Department of Health and Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences, accessed through the Virtual Health Library Portal, based on the guiding question. Results: A total of 767 articles was found and nine were selected. Forgetfulness predominated among the reasons for absence. Other findings regarding the cost to the health service and strategies for solving the problem are highlighted. Conclusion: As the focus of the studies, the concern with the quality of care, increased treatment queues and high demand, as well as the cost of absent patients, are evident. Despite the relevance of the theme for the health services organization, the literature is still scarce.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar y analizar la producción de conocimiento en la literatura nacional e internacional sobre el absentismo de los pacientes en las citas médicas programadas. Método: Revisión Integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de la Secretaría de la Salud de la provincia de São Paulo e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, accedidas por la Portada de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, basada en la cuestión norteadora. Resultados: Fueron encontrados 767 artículos y seleccionados nueve. El olvido predominó entre los motivos de ausencia. Otros hallazgos en relación al costo para el servicio de salud y estrategias para resolución del problema son destacados. Conclusión: Se evidencian, como enfoque de los estudios, la preocupación con la calidad del atendimiento, aumento de las colas y alta demanda, además del costo de los pacientes ausentes. A pesar de la relevancia del tema para organización de los servicios de salud, la literatura todavía es escasa.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in reducing the necrosis area in an experimental model of cutaneous ischemic flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection to simulate a smoker patient. Methods In an experimental study, 30 rats were enrolled and divided into two experimental groups of 15 animals all submitted to a subcutaneous nicotine injection to create ischemic cutaneous flaps on their backs. Other 10 animals were used only to obtain adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC). The first group (n=15) received ADSC treatment at the end of surgery while the other group, the control (n=15), received no other interventions. After euthanasia, a decal was performed on the whole area of the flap, accurately defining the transition from necrosis to healthy region. Photos of all animals were collected and evaluated by scales standardized by Paint-Autocad- 2015 software to define the area of flap necrosis in each rat. Student T test was performed to compare the groups, considering a p< 0.05 significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM® 18 version. Results Through the analysis of the images by the program Paint-Autocad-2015 and the area of decal obtained by the transparent sheet, we obtained a mean of 46% necrosis of the total area of the flap in the treatment group and 69.4% in the control group. In the descriptive analysis, a mean of 3.7 cm of necrosis CI 95% (3.2 - 4.2) was evident in the treatment group whereas a mean value of 5.56 CI 95% (5.2 - 5.9) was found in control group, with p value <0.001 for this comparison. Conclusion The application of adipose-derived stem cells reduces the percentage of necrosis in an experimental model of randomized cutaneous flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% (dry matter (DM)) mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty-four feedlot Île-de-France lambs with an average age of 60 days and bodyweight (BW) of 15 kg were fed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW, at approximately 130 days old. The chemical composition of the experimental diets contained, respectively, 584.4, 569.4 and 571.8 g DM/kg; 188.8, 185.1 and 184 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 29.9, 29.5 and 25.5 Mcal/kg DM for the mulberry hay inclusion levels of 0%, 12.5% and 25.0%, with a dietary forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50. The chemical composition of the meat was 757.9 g moisture/kg DM, 208.6 g CP/kg DM, 22.9 g crude fat/kg DM and 10.5 g ash/kg DM. Cholesterol concentration (36.07 mg/100 g) in the meat was not influenced by mulberry hay inclusion of the diet. An increase was observed in the concentrations of saturated pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and arachidic acids; monounaturated heptadecenoic acid; and polyunsaturated α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Nervonic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations responded quadratically, representing 3.7 g/kg and 5.9 g/kg of the meat when mulberry hay was included at 16.98% and 12.56%. Omega-3 acid concentrations increased, while the omega-3 : omega-6 ratio decreased in the meat of mulberry hay-fed animals. Inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diets increases the amount of desirable fatty acids in their meat, whose nutritional characteristics are improved.

Resumo Introdução: A espasticidade atua como um fator limitante na recuperação motora e funcional após o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), prejudicando a realização das atividades de vida diária. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da espasticidade nos principais grupos musculares e associá-la ao comprometimento motor e ao nível funcional de pacientes hemiparéticos crônicos pós-AVC. Métodos: Vinte e sete pacientes hemiparéticos crônicos, de ambos os sexos, foram selecionados no Serviço de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp. As avaliações foram realizadas em duas sessões: na primeira foi avaliado o comprometimento motor (Protocolo de Desempenho Físico de Fugl-Meyer - FM) e funcional (Índice de Barthel - IB), e na segunda, o grau de espasticidade dos principais grupos musculares (Escala Modificada de Ashworth - EMA). Resultados: Foi detectada uma correlação negativa entre a espasticidade dos membros superiores com o comprometimento motor e funcional. Nenhum grupo muscular avaliado nos membros inferiores apresentou correlação entre o tônus muscular e o nível de comprometimento da subseção da extremidade inferior FM e o nível funcional mensurado pelo IB. Conclusão: A espasticidade mostrou ser um fator de influência negativa no nível de comprometimento motor e funcional dos membros superiores de pacientes hemiparéticos crônicos pós-AVC.

Abstract Introduction: Spasticity acts as a limiting factor in motor and functional recovery after Stroke, impairing the performance of daily living activities. Objective: To analyze the influence of spasticity on main muscle groups and to associate it with motor impairment and functional level of chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke. Methods: Twenty-seven chronic hemiparetic patients of both sexes were selected at the Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Service of the Unicamp Clinics Hospital. Assessments were carried out in two sessions, in the first one the motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment - FM) and functional impairment (Barthel Index - BI) were evaluated, and in the second, the degree of spasticity of the main muscle groups (Modified Ashworth Scale - MAS). Results: A negative correlation was detected between upper limb spasticity and motor and functional impairment. No muscle group evaluated in the lower limbs showed correlation between muscle tone and the level of impairment of the lower extremity on FM and the functional level measured by BI. Conclusion: Spasticity has been shown to be a negative influence factor in the level of motor and functional impairment of the upper limbs of chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate productive performance of lambs fed different levels of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) in the making of gliricidia forage salt. A total of 30 180-day-old male crossbred Santa Inês lambs of 25 kg body weight were confined in 1 m² stalls, fed Tifton-85 (Cynadon spp.) hay, fodder salts and water ad libitum. The experimental design was randomized, composed of six repetitions of five treatments. The formulation of gliricidia forage salt was 0 (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% gliricidia hay with 7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl, respectively. The experiment was conducted for 74 d, with 14 d for adaptation and 60 d for sampling. Gliricidia forage salt supplementation showed no effect (P>0.05) on dry matter, organic matter or neutral detergent fiber intake, although it affected (P<0.05) crude protein and ether extract intake. The highest performance of animals was observed in gliricidia forage salt with 99% addition of gliricidia.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os nevos melanocíticos congênitos, apesar de apresentarem uma incidência relativamente rara, são lesões que necessitam acompanhamento por longo período, a fim de se evitar sequelas psicológicas e complicações inerentes a essa patologia, como estresse psicológico, melanose neurocutânea e degeneração maligna. MÉTODO: O presente estudo demonstra os dados epidemiológicos e terapêuticos em uma série de 45 casos atendidos na Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital melanocytic nevi despite presenting a relatively rare incidence are injuries that require monitoring for a long period. The purpose of this is to prevent psychological sequelae and complications inherent to this pathology, such as psychological stress, neurocutaneous melanosis and malignant degeneration. METHODS: The present study demonstrates the epidemiological data and treatment in a series of 45 cases treated in the Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Division of Plastic Surgery and Burns of School of Medicine, University of São Paulo).

Os efeitos de queimadas prescritas na sobrevivência e na dispersão de sementes de Kielmeyera coriacea (Clusiaceae) foram investigados em duas parcelas de cerrado sensu stricto, uma queimada no início da estação seca (junho) e outra, em agosto, meio da estação seca. A sobrevivência das sementes após as queimadas foi relacionada às temperaturas externa e interna dos frutos medidas durante a queimada de junho. A proporção de frutos abertos por indivíduos de K. coriacea foi observada quinzenalmente. As temperaturas externas máximas durante a passagem do fogo (393 a 734ºC) foram fortemente reduzidas dentro dos frutos (61 a 63ºC). Nas duas parcelas, a maior parte dos frutos estava fechada antes da queimada realizada em junho. Cerca de 60% dos frutos observados na parcela queimada em junho abriram nas duas semanas após a queimada sendo que, no mesmo período, a maior parte dos frutos na parcela a ser queimada em agosto permaneceu fechada. Da mesma forma, nas duas semanas seguintes à queimada realizada em agosto, foi observada a abertura da maioria dos frutos. Nenhuma semente dos frutos coletados antes das queimadas germinou. Entretanto, foi alta a germinação das sementes coletadas dos frutos que estavam fechados durante as queimadas (junho = 79 ± 12%; agosto = 69 ± 14%). Os resultados indicam que os frutos de K. coriacea oferecem boa proteção para as sementes durante as queimadas e que, independentemente da época da queima, a dispersão das sementes é antecipada pela passagem do fogo.

Effects of prescribed fires on survival and release of seeds of the woody species Kielmeyera coriacea (Clusiaceae) were investigated in two plots of cerrado sensu stricto, a savanna vegetation of Central Brazil. The first plot was burnt in June, at the beginning of the dry season, and the second in August, in the middle of the dry season. Seed survival was measured after fire in both areas and related to internal and external fruit temperatures measured during the June fire. The proportion of open fruits per individual of K. coriacea was also assessed at two-week intervals. Maximum external temperatures during fire (393 to 734ºC) were strongly reduced inside the fruits (61 to 63ºC). Before the June fire, the majority of the fruits were closed in both plots. Most fruits in the June plot opened within two weeks following the burning while, in the same period, most fruits remained closed in the August plot. Fifteen days after the prescribed fire in the August plot most fruits opened, as observed in the June plot. No germination was observed in seeds from closed fruits collected before the fire, while those from fruits that were closed during the burning showed a high mean germination rate (June = 79 ± 12%; August = 69 ± 14%). The results indicate that fruits of K. coriacea are good insulators for seeds during fires and that seed release is anticipated independently of the burning season.

The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid (GA), also known as gallates, especially propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. The inhibitory effects of GA and 15 gallates on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication were investigated here. After a preliminary screening of these compounds, GA and pentyl gallate (PG) seemed to be the most active compounds against HSV-1 replication and their mode of action was characterized through a set of assays, which attempted to localize the step of the viral multiplication cycle where impairment occurred. The detected anti-HSV-1 activity was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment to and penetration into cells, and by virucidal properties. Furthermore, an anti-HIV-1 activity was also found, to different degrees. In summary, our results suggest that both compounds could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HSV-1 agents, and further studies concerning the anti-HIV-1 activity of this group of molecules are merited.

A variação em ampla escala espacial para parâmetros estruturais e composição florística foi examinada para uma formação aberta de Clusia, um tipo vegetacional das restingas brasileiras. Esta vegetação é organizada em moitas separadas por areia com esparsa vegetação herbácea. Foram levantadas 12 áreas amostrais em três cordões arenosos paralelos, às margens de duas lagoas costeiras (Cabiúnas e Comprida). Estes cordões estavam dispostos a diferentes distâncias do mar. Cada área amostral foi dividida em três faixas. Usamos o método de intercepto de linha para amostrar todas as plantas lenhosas ³ 50 cm de altura. Foi empregada ANOVA hierárquica para verificar a variação estrutural em diferentes escalas amostrais, e análise de TWINSPAN para examinar a variação na composição florística entre áreas. A diversidade total da área (H') foi de 3,07. Apenas poucas espécies foram repetidamente dominantes ao longo de toda a área amostral. Houve homogeneidade em relação à diversidade e riqueza de espécies entre cordões arenosos, mas não dentro destes cordões. Composição florística e parâmetros estruturais não variaram em relação à distância do mar, mas a composição florística variou em função da lagoa que margeava. As diferenças observadas na cobertura vegetal podem estar relacionadas com a história geológica desta área de restinga.

We examined large-scale spatial variation of structural parameters and floristic composition in open Clusia scrub, a vegetation type of the Brazilian "restingas" (sandy coastal plain vegetation). This vegetation is organized in islands separated by sandy stretches with sparse herbaceous vegetation. We located 12 sample areas on three consecutive beach ridges, lying parallel to the coastline and at different distances from the ocean, in close proximity to two lagoons (Cabiúnas and Comprida). Each sample area was divided into three strips. We used the line intercept method to sample all woody plants ³ 50 cm tall. We used nested ANOVA to verify structural variation between different sampling scales. TWINSPAN analysis was performed to examine the variation in floristic composition between areas. The overall diversity index was 3.07. Six species are repeatedly dominant throughout the entire sampling area. There was homogeneity in relation to diversity and species richness between beach ridges but not within beach ridges. Floristic composition and structural parameters did not vary in relation to distance from the sea but floristic composition did vary as a function of proximity to Cabiúnas or Comprida lagoon. Differences in plant cover between sample areas may be related to the paleoformation of this sandy coastal plain.

OBJETIVO: Utilizar o poder de processamento da tecnologia de grades computacionais para viabilizar a utilização do algoritmo de medida de similaridade na recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A técnica de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo é composta de duas etapas seqüenciais: análise de textura e algoritmo de medida de similaridade. Estas são aplicadas em imagens de joelho e cabeça, nas quais se avaliaram a eficiência em recuperar imagens do mesmo plano e a seqüência de aquisição em um banco de 2.400 imagens médicas para testar a capacidade de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo. A análise de textura foi utilizada inicialmente para pré-selecionar as 1.000 imagens mais semelhantes a uma imagem de referência escolhida por um clínico. Essas 1.000 imagens foram processadas utilizando-se o algoritmo de medida de similaridade na grade computacional. RESULTADOS: A precisão encontrada na classificação por análise de textura foi de 0,54 para imagens sagitais de joelho e de 0,40 para imagens axiais de cabeça. A análise de textura foi útil como filtragem, pré-selecionando imagens a serem avaliadas pelo algoritmo de medida de similaridade. A recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo utilizando o algoritmo de medida de similaridade aplicado nas imagens pré-selecionadas por análise de textura resultou em precisão de 0,95 para as imagens sagitais de joelho e de 0,92 para as imagens axiais de cabeça. O alto custo computacional do algoritmo de medida de similaridade foi amortizado pela grade computacional. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da abordagem mista das técnicas de análise de textura e algoritmo de medida de similaridade no processo de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo resultou em eficiência acima de 90%. A grade computacional é indispensável para utilização do algoritmo de medida de similaridade na recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo, que de outra forma seria limitado a supercomputadores.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize the grid computing technology to enable the utilization of a similarity measurement algorithm for content-based medical image retrieval. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The content-based images retrieval technique is comprised of two sequential steps: texture analysis and similarity measurement algorithm. These steps have been adopted for head and knee images for evaluation of accuracy in the retrieval of images of a single plane and acquisition sequence in a databank with 2,400 medical images. Initially, texture analysis was utilized as a preselection resource to obtain a set of the 1,000 most similar images as compared with a reference image selected by a clinician. Then, these 1,000 images were processed utilizing a similarity measurement algorithm on a computational grid. RESULTS: The texture analysis has demonstrated low accuracy for sagittal knee images (0.54) and axial head images (0.40). Nevertheless, this technique has shown effectiveness as a filter, pre-selecting images to be evaluated by the similarity measurement algorithm. Content-based images retrieval with similarity measurement algorithm applied on these pre-selected images has demonstrated satisfactory accuracy - 0.95 for sagittal knee images, and 0.92 for axial head images. The high computational cost of the similarity measurement algorithm was balanced by the utilization of grid computing. CONCLUSION: The approach combining texture analysis and similarity measurement algorithm for content-based images retrieval resulted in an accuracy of > 90%. Grid computing has shown to be essential for the utilization of similarity measurement algorithm in the content-based images retrieval that otherwise would be limited to supercomputers.