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au:CLARO, KLEBER DEL

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The study of biotic interactions in the Brazilian Cerrado as a path to the conservation of biodiversity
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DEL-CLARO, KLEBER

; TOREZAN-SILINGARDI, HELENA MAURA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2019, Volume 91 elocation e20180768

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: As a focus for conservation efforts, biodiversity has received increased attention in the last fifty years. Searching for patterns in biodiversity, researchers have suggested studies including: ecological communities, cladistics classifications, hierarchical compositions of different levels of organization, and groups of taxonomically related species. Here, we propose that the study of the biodiversity of interactions may present a new perspective in the efforts to conserve biodiversity, especially in endangered ecosystems like the tropical savannas. We suggest that Cerrado, like other tropical savannas, is a particularly important ecosystem in which we can direct efforts to explain what determines the major part of variation in the outcomes of species interactions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180768 1311 downloads

Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education
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ALVES, RUY JOSÉ V.

; WEKSLER, MARCELO

; OLIVEIRA, JOÃO A.

; BUCKUP, PAULO A.

; POMBAL JR., JOSÉ P.

; SANTANA, HÉLCIO R.G.

; PERACCHI, ADRIANO LÚCIO

; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.

; ALEIXO, ALEXANDRE

; LANGGUTH, ALFREDO

; ALMEIDA, ALZIRA MARIA P. DE

; ALBERNAZ, ANA LUISA

; RIBAS, CAMILA C.

; ZILBERBERG, CARLA

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO V.

; ROCHA, CARLOS F.D.

; LAMAS, CARLOS JOSÉ E.

; HADDAD, CÉLIO F.B.

; BONVICINO, CIBELE R.

; PRADO, CYNTHIA P.A.

; LIMA, DANIELA O. DE

; ROSSA-FERES, DENISE C.

; SANTOS, FABRÍCIO R. DOS

; SALIMENA, FÁTIMA REGINA G.

; PERINI, FERNANDO A.

; BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A.

; FRANCO, FRANCISCO LUÍS

; GIUDICE, GISELE M.L. DEL

; COLLI, GUARINO R.

; VIEIRA, IMA CÉLIA G.

; MARINHO-FILHO, JADER

; WERNECK, JANE M.C.F.

; SANTOS, JORGE A.D. DOS

; NASCIMENTO, JORGE LUIZ DO

; NESSIMIAN, JORGE LUIZ

; CORDEIRO, JOSÉ LUIS P.

; CLARO, KLEBER DEL

; SALLES, LEANDRO O.

; CASATTI, LILIAN

; PY-DANIEL, LUCIA HELENA R.

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; TOLEDO, LUÍS FELIPE

; OLIVEIRA, LUIZ F. DE

; MALABARBA, LUIZ ROBERTO

; SILVA, MARCELO D. DA

; COURI, MÁRCIA S.

; MARTINS, MÁRCIO

; TAVARES, MARCOS D.S.

; SOBRAL, MARCOS EDUARDO G.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS

; OLIVEIRA, MARIA DE LOURDES A.

; PINNA, MÁRIO DE

; HOPKINS, MICHAEL J.G.

; SOLÉ, MIRCO

; MENEZES, NAÉRCIO A.

; PASSOS, PAULO

; D’ANDREA, PAULO SERGIO

; PINTO, PEDRO C.E.A.

; VIANA, PEDRO L.

; TOLEDO, PETER M.

; REIS, ROBERTO E.

; VILELA, ROBERTO

; BASTOS, ROGÉRIO P.

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE G.

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; CASTROVIEJO-FISHER, SANTIAGO

; CARAMASCHI, ULISSES

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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apr 2018, Volume 90 N. 2 Pages 1279 - 1284

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180460 7311 downloads

Patterns of growth, development and herbivory of Palicourea rigida are affected more by sun/shade conditions than by Cerrado phytophysiognomy
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Moura, Renan Fernandes

; Alves-Silva, Estevão

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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jun 2017, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 286 - 294

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Plant development is influenced by several abiotic factors, which in turn influence morphological traits and life history. We investigated whether leaf area, herbivory, toughness, fluctuating asymmetry, structural complexity and the number of inflorescences of Palicourea rigida are influenced by sun/shade conditions or by Cerrado phytophysiognomy (typical cerrado or rupestrian field). We expected to find greater structural complexity, leaf toughness and more inflorescences in sun plants; shaded plants were expected to exhibit a greater degree of fluctuating asymmetry (an index of plant stress), reduced leaf toughness and greater herbivory. As for phytophysiognomies, we expected to find higher levels of leaf toughness and reduced structural complexity in plants from the rupestrian field. We sampled plants in the sun and shade from both phytophysiognomies. Leaf area, toughness, herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry, were influenced more by sun/shade conditions than phytophysiognomy; leaf toughness was the only variable to show greater values in conditions of sun. Our results indicate that exposure to sunlight is not a requirement for increased plant development, but plants in shade are experiencing stress, as shown by increased fluctuating asymmetry; increased leaf area, which is a strategy to compensate for lower light exposure for plants and higher herbivory, which depicts lower toughness.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0446 1476 downloads

Structure and biodiversity of zooplankton communities in freshwater habitats of a Vereda Wetland Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pinese, Olívia Penatti

; Pinese, José Fernando

; Del Claro, Kleber

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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sep 2015, Volume 27 N. 3 Pages 275 - 288

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Veredas estão dentre os mais importantes habitats aquáticos do cerrado brasileiro por estarem associados a nascentes de rios e por sua relevância para a conservação da biodiversidade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar e comparar a biodiversidade zooplanctônica em lagos de veredas distintos pela presença/ausência de macrófitas em uma reserva ambiental em Uberlândia, MG, Sudeste do Brasil. Padrões de abundância zooplanctônica e suas relações com variáveis ambientais também foram discutidos e apresentados por meio de estatísticas multivariadas. Métodos Em 2006, foram realizadas 12 coletas de superfície quinzenalmente. A riqueza total observada foi de 75 espécies, das quais 12 gêneros, 29 espécies e uma subespécie constituem novos registros para o Estado de Minas Gerais. Resultados Os rotíferos representaram o grupo predominante (75% das espécies) e Lecanidae foi a família mais diversa. Dentre os cladóceros, Chydoridae destacou-se em riqueza e Bosminidae em abundância. Poucos copépodos adultos foram amostrados, mas náuplios foram frequentes. Cyclopidae foi a família de maior ocorrência para este grupo e não houve registro de Calanoida. Conclusões Houve diferença notável entre a composição dos lagos. O lago com macrófitas apresentou elevada riqueza e baixa densidade e a situação contrária ocorreu no lago aberto. Isto pode ser explicado pelo fato de que as macrófitas aquáticas, como produtores primários, exercem efeito bottom-up na comunidade do zooplâncton, sustentando uma elevada diversidade local em contraste com uma reduzida abundância numérica desses microrganismos. Este padrão pode então ser gerado pela heterogeneidade ambiental do entorno e, ao mesmo tempo, pela redução de minerais disponíveis no sistema através da fixação de matéria ocasionada por esses vegetais. Muitos estudos sobre o zooplâncton precisam ainda ser desenvolvidos em comunidades de veredas no Brasil a fim de melhor compreender a diversidade biológica e o balanço energético em diferentes hábitats, visando a conservação de ecossistemas aquáticos.

Abstract Aims: Vereda wetlands are among the most important aquatic habitats in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) because of their association with river springs and its relevancy for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to determine and compare the biodiversity of zooplankton in vereda lakes, differentiated by the presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes at an environmental reserve in Uberlândia, Minas Geais, Southeastern Brazil. Zooplanctonic abundance patterns and their relation with environmental parameters were also discussed and presented through multivariate statistics. Methods Twelve samples were taken at water surface, at 15-day intervals in 2006. It was observed a total richness of 75 species, including 12 genera, 29 species and one sub-species as new records for Minas Gerais State. Results Rotifers were the predominant group and Lecanidae was the most diverse family. Among cladocerans, Chydoridae showed the greatest richness and Bosminidae the highest abundance. Few adult copepods were sampled in this study, but nauplii were very frequent. Cyclopidae was the most common family among copepods and there was no record of Calanoida. Conclusions The difference in composition among the studied lakes was remarkable. The lake with macrophytes showed the greatest richness but the lowest density, and the opposite situation occurred in the other lake. This can be explained by the fact that aquatic macrophytes, as primary producers, exert a bottom-up effect on zooplankton community, sustaining a high local diversity in contrast with a low numeric abundance of these microorganisms. Therefore, this pattern may have been created by the surround heterogeneity and, at the same time, by the reduction of available minerals of the system caused by macrophyte matter fixation. Many studies on zooplankton need to be developed in palm swamp communities in order to better comprehend the biological diversity and the energy balance in different habitats for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X0415 4053 downloads

Predatory behavior of Pseudodorus clavatus (Diptera, Syrphidae) on aphids tended by ants
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Bächtold, Alexandra

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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dec 2013, Volume 57 N. 4 Pages 437 - 439

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Predatory behavior of Pseudodorus clavatus (Diptera, Syrphidae) on aphids tended by ants. In this study, we examined the interactions between myrmecophilous aphids, their ant-guards and a predatory syrphid species, Pseudodorus clavatus (F.). Larvae of this predator were found in the colonies of three aphid species: Aphis gossypii, A. spiraecola and Toxoptera sp., which were tended by eight ant species, especially Camponotus. Hoverfly larvae managed to infiltrate the aphid colonies and consume nymphs. Predator larvae exhibited inconspicuous movements and were not detected by ants which were commonly observed touching and antennating the larvae they come into contact. These results suggest that behavioral and chemical cues are involved in the infiltration and on the successful predation of syrphids upon aphids.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000030 2719 downloads

Ecology of neotropical mistletoes: an important canopy-dwelling component of Brazilian ecosystems
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Arruda, Rafael

; Fadini, Rodrigo Ferreira

; Carvalho, Lucélia Nobre

; Del-Claro, Kleber

; Mourão, Fabiana Alves

; Jacobi, Claudia Maria

; Teodoro, Grazielle Sales

; Berg, Eduardo van den

; Caires, Claudenir Simões

; Dettke, Greta Aline

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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jun 2012, Volume 26 N. 2 Pages 264 - 274

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Ervas-de-passarinho têm sim sido regularmente estudadas em países temperados por afetar negativamente espécies cultivadas e florestas manejadas. Em comparação com ambientes temperados pouco se conhece sobre a ecologia das ervas-de-passarinho neotropicais. Desta forma, é necessário maior conhecimento sobre o grupo porque são importantes elementos de comunidades vegetais, atuando como recurso-chave para polinizadores, dispersores de sementes e herbívoros. Através de uma combinação de trabalhos clássicos já publicados com evidências empíricas recentes, nós apresentamos padrões emergentes da interação entre ervas-de-passarinho com os organismos associados e questionamentos para estudos adicionais. Existe um crescente interesse neste grupo no Brasil. E embora existam informações sobre dispersão de sementes, estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva são raros e representam um campo a ser explorado. O conhecimento da biologia básica das ervas-de-passarinho será relevante para modelar sua distribuição espacial usando uma abordagem metapopulacional ou epidemiológica. Nesta revisão nós sumarizamos os principais estudos conduzidos na região Neotropical para fornecer um panorama atual das pesquisas desenvolvidas, bem como novas ideias para futuras investigações, especialmente no Brasil.

Mistletoes have been studied in temperate countries regularly because they can be pests of cultivated plants and forest plantations. In comparison with temperate habitats, little is known about the ecology of mistletoes in the Neotropics. More emphasis should be given to neotropical mistletoes because they could be important elements of plant communities, acting as key resources for pollinators, seed dispersers and herbivores. Using a combination of findings from early mistletoe studies and empirical evidence from several recent case studies, we report emerging patterns of mistletoe interactions with associated organisms and propose aims for further studies. There has been increasing interest in working with mistletoes in Brazil. Although there are some data on the ecology of mistletoe seed dispersal, reproductive biology studies are scarce and represent a wide range of fieldwork to be explored. Knowledge of the basic biology of mistletoes will be very important for modeling their spatial distribution using metapopulation or epidemiological approaches. In this review, we summarize the studies conducted in the neotropical region in order to provide a framework for current research and new ideas for future investigations of mistletoes, especially in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062012000200003 8444 downloads Cited 6 times in SciELO

Oviposition and post-embryonic development of Aglaoctenus lagotis (Araneae: Lycosidae)
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Moreira, Vanessa Stefani Sul

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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oct 2011, Volume 28 N. 5 Pages 565 - 570

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present study describes the life history of Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg, 1876 from oviposition to adulthood, analyzing the number of eggs in each egg sac, birth rate, number of instars, sex ratio, cephalothorax size of all instars, and developmental time in laboratory. The results indicate that the studied species can produce two egg sacs during the reproductive period, and that the post-embryonic phase includes 12 nymphal instars. A higher mortality rate was observed during the first three instars, featuring a Type III survival curve. The sex ratio was geared towards the female in the adults and no significant difference was observed in the length of the cephalothorax between male and female. This species can therefore be considered monomorphic. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the cuticle color, with males being light brown whereas females are dark brown.

2121 downloads

Colony cycle, foundation strategy and nesting biology of a Neotropical paper wasp
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SINZATO, DANIELLE M. S

; ANDRADE, FLÁVIO R

; DE SOUZA, ANDRÉ R

; DEL-CLARO, KLEBER

; PREZOTO, FÁBIO

Revista chilena de historia natural

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sep 2011, Volume 84 N. 3 Pages 357 - 363

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1853 is a Neotropical paper wasp often found in anthropic environments. However, there is little information available on biological, ecological and behavioral interactions of this species under these environmental conditions. This study investigated the colony cycle, foundation strategy and nesting biology of this species. From March of 2000 to February of 2004, several colonies were studied in the municipal district of Juiz de Fora, in southeastern Brazil. The colony cycle events of P. ferreri are concentrated in specific periods of the year. The colonies are established principally by association of females, the latter is the foundation strategy that confers the greatest success. Nidification on manmade substrates seems common for the species. The peduncle of the nest is increased in width to support the weight of colony members. Likewise, cells are increased in height, in accordance with the size of the layers of meconium, allowing accommodation of the immature. It is suggested that, at least for post-emergent colonies of P. ferreri, the cost of nest construction is not a factor limiting the development of the colonies. Finally, the results also support the idea that the reuse of cells is an advantageous strategy because it saves costs related to the construction of new cells.

Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1853 es una avispa de papel neotropical encontrada a menudo en ambientes antrópicos. Sin embargo, hay poca información disponible sobre las interacciones biológicas, ecológicas y de comportamiento de esta especie en estas condiciones ambientales. Este estudio investigó el ciclo de la colonia, la estrategia de fundación y la biología de anidación de esta especie. Desde marzo de 2000 a febrero de 2004, varias colonias fueron estudiadas en el municipio de Juiz de Fora, en el sureste de Brasil. Los eventos del ciclo de la colonia de P. ferreri se concentran en determinados períodos del año. Las colonias se establecen, principalmente, por asociación de hembras, siendo esta la estrategia que se traduce en un mayor éxito. La nidificación en sustratos artificiales parece común para la especie. El pedúnculo del nido va aumentando en ancho para soportar el peso de los miembros de la colonia. Del mismo modo, las celdas aumentan en altura, de acuerdo con el tamaño de las capas de meconio, lo que permite el alojamiento de los inmaduros. Se sugiere que, al menos para las colonias de postemergentes de P. ferreri, el costo de la construcción del nido no es un factor que limita el desarrollo de las colonias. Por último, los resultados también apoyan la idea de que la reutilización de las celdas es una estrategia ventajosa porque reduce los costos relacionados con la construcción de nuevas celdas.

1982 downloads

Seasonal variation of ground spiders in a Brazilian Savanna
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Mineo, Marina Farcic

; Del-Claro, Kleber

; Brescovit, Antonio Domingos

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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jun 2010, Volume 27 N. 3 Pages 353 - 362

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The Brazilian Savanna Ecoregion (Cerrado) is one of the richest biomes in the world, with a characteristic highly seasonal climate a dry season between May and September and a rainy season from October through April. Ground-dwelling spiders from three Cerrado phytophysiognomies, "campo cerrado", "cerrado" and "cerradão", were sampled using pitfall traps during two years, totaling 111 species and 3,529 individuals. The abundance of individuals and species richness was higher during the wet season. Fifty-eight species were captured exclusively during that period, whereas only nineteen were restricted to the dry season. Only two species were found in all samples. The number of juveniles was higher than the number of adults in all phytophysiognomies and in all species during both seasons. The highest abundance was registered in October and the lowest in April. Overall sex ratio was male-biased in all vegetation types sampled. Distinct climate variables affected the abundance of spiders depending on sex, age and vegetal physiognomy where they were sampled. This study involved the longest sampling of spider abundance and diversity on the ground of a Brazilian Savanna.

2424 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

10.

Insect-plant interactions: new pathways to a better comprehension of ecological communities in Neotropical savannas
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Del-Claro, Kleber

; Torezan-Silingardi, Helena M

Neotropical Entomology

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apr 2009, Volume 38 N. 2 Pages 159 - 164

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os mecanismos causais que moldam e estruturam as comunidades ecológicas estão entre os mais importantes temas da ecologia. O estudo das interações inseto-planta nas redes tróficas é apontado como básico para alavancar nossos conhecimentos no assunto. Os cerrados (savana tropical), embora extremamente diversos e distribuídos em uma área superior a 20% do território brasileiro, com ricos exemplos de interações multitróficas, são pouco explorados em termos de biodiversidade interativa. Aqui, esse ecossistema é sugerido como possuidor de bons modelos para o estudo das interações insetoplanta, cuja compreensão pode lançar uma nova luz na teoria das comunidades ecológicas. Três sistemas distintos: plantas com nectários extraflorais ou herbívoros trofobiontes e a fauna de formigas associadas; herbívoros florais-predadores-polinizadores; e planta-engenheiros das florestas e a fauna associada, irão servir de exemplo para ilustrar esses novos e promissores caminhos de investigação científica no cerrado. O objetivo principal desse breve texto é instigar jovens pesquisadores, principalmente entomologistas, a iniciarem estudos de campo mais elaborados, incluindo manipulações experimentais em sistemas multitróficos, para explorar de modo interativo a estrutura que mantém preservadas as comunidades das savanas neotropicais.

The causal mechanisms shaping and structuring ecological communities are among the most important themes in ecology. The study of insect-plant interactions in trophic nets is pointed out as basic to improve our knowledge on this issue. The cerrado tropical savanna, although extremely diverse, distributed in more than 20% of the Brazilian territory and filled up with rich examples of multitrophic interactions, is underexplored in terms of biodiversity interaction. Here, this ecosystem is suggested as valuable to the study of insect-plant interactions whose understanding can throw a new light at the ecological communities' theory. Three distinct systems: extrafloral nectary plants or trophobiont herbivores and the associated ant fauna; floral herbivores-predators-pollinators; and plants-forest engineers and associated fauna, will serve as examples to illustrate promising new pathways in cerrado. The aim of this brief text is to instigate young researchers, mainly entomologists, to initiate more elaborated field work, including experimental manipulations in multitrophic systems, to explore in an interactive way the structure that maintain preserved viable communities in the Neotropical savanna.

7752 downloads Cited 10 times in SciELO

11.

Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)
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Rodrigues, Raoni Rosa

; Carvalho, Lucélia Nobre

; Zuanon, Jansen

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2009, Volume 7 N. 4 Pages 641 - 646

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Coloração animal tem diferentes funções, e os peixes se destacam entre os vertebrados por apresentarem uma grande diversidade de padrões de cores. Embora se conheça relativamente bem a relação entre coloração e contexto comportamental para peixes marinhos, pouco se sabe para os peixes de água doce. Nós descrevemos os padrões de coloração de um ciclídeo amazônico, Apistogramma hippolytae, e sugerimos como esses padrões são dependentes das características sociais e comportamentais. Realizamos observações subaquáticas utilizando mergulho livre em campo durante o dia em uma lagoa na Amazônia Central. Nós caracterizamos seis padrões de coloração associados a sete comportamentos diferentes: alimentação, repouso, displays sexual e agonístico, agressão (ataque e fuga) e cuidado parental. As mudanças de coloração levam apenas alguns segundos. Fêmeas em cuidado parental exibem um padrão exclusivo, cuja mudança é mais lenta. No ambiente natural desse ciclídeo, locais rasos com águas claras, a comunicação por coloração pode ser um sistema eficiente de comunicar o estado motivacional individual, status social e disposição para reprodução, possivelmente contribuindo para minimizar a perda de energia com interações desnecessárias

Animal coloration has many functions, and fishes are noted among vertebrates for presenting a wide variety of color patterns. Although in marine fishes the relationship between body coloration and behavioral context is well documented, there's not much information about freshwater fishes. Here we describe color patterns displayed by the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae and suggest that these patterns are dependent on different social and behavioral settings. Field observations were conducted underwater in a pond in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We recorded six body coloration patterns related to seven different kinds of behavioral activities: foraging, resting, reproductive and agonistic displays, aggression (attacking and fleeing) and parental care. Changes in coloration occur rapidly and take only a few seconds. Females on parental care exhibited a unique pattern that are more persistent and probably manifests more slowly. In the shallow and clear waters of the natural environment of this dwarf cichlid, color communication seems to constitute an efficient way to display information about individual mood, social status and reproductive readiness, contributing to minimize loss of energy in unnecessary interactions.

6052 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

12.

Diversity of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Cerrado fragments of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
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Elpino-Campos, Ábner

; Del-Claro, Kleber

; Prezoto, Fábio

Neotropical Entomology

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oct 2007, Volume 36 N. 5 Pages 685 - 692

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Estudos de levantamento de espécies são importantes para o conhecimento dos recursos naturais além de contribuírem com informações de características ecológicas de uma determinada região. Não há estudos dessa natureza abordando vespas sociais no Triângulo Mineiro. O presente estudo investiga a diversidade das espécies encontradas em fragmentos de cerrado em Uberlândia, MG, e sua distribuição temporal. O trabalho de campo foi conduzido de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2004, realizando-se 43 amostragens utilizando as metodologias de busca ativa e amostragem pontual. Foram encontradas 29 espécies em 10 gêneros, destacando-se Polybia e Polistes com 51,7% dos espécimes coletados. Mischocyttarus cerberus styx Richards representou 26,5% do total de indivíduos registrados para busca ativa e Agelaia pallipes (Olivier) correspondeu a 57,6% para amostragem pontual. Duas espécies apresentaram primeiro registro para Minas Gerais: Polybia striata (Fabricius) e M. cerberus styx. Os fragmentos estudados apresentaram elevado índice de diversidade (H’ = 0,66 a 1,16), grande quantidade de espécies raras e poucas espécies comuns. O método de amostragem pontual foi satisfatório para coletar as espécies mais comuns enquanto a busca ativa foi importante para a coleta de espécies raras. A metodologia de busca ativa foi mais eficiente, em termos de abundância, que a amostragem pontual, embora algumas espécies só tenham sido coletadas pelo método de amostragem pontual. Esses fatores revelaram que para efetuar um levantamento de vespas uma combinação de diferentes metodologias de coleta parece ser o mais indicado.

Sudies of species survey are important to know the available natural resources and to get useful information about the ecological characteristics of a specific area. There are not studies, on this issue, related to social wasps, in the Triângulo Mineiro region. The present study describes the diversity of species found in fragments of the cerrado region in Uberlândia, MG, and their temporal distribution. The field study was conducted from October 2003 to September 2004, and 43 samplings were carried out using active searching (24) and point sampling (19) methodologies. Twenty-nine species were found in 10 genera, Polybia and Polistes corresponding to 51.5% of the total listing. Mischocyttarus cerberus styx Richards represented 26.5% of the total individuals recorded by active searching and Agelaia pallipes (Olivier) corresponded to 57.6% by point sampling. Two species had their first record for the state of Minas Gerais: Polybia striata (Fabricius) and M. cerberus styx. The studied fragments presented a high level of diversity (H’ = 0.66 to 1.16), a large number of rare species and a few common species. To collect the more common species the point sampling method was satisfactory while active searching was better to collect the rarer species. The active searching methodology was more efficient than point sampling, however some species could only be collected by point sampling. These factors showed that in order to carry out a wasp survey, a combination of different collection methodologies seems to be more appropriate.

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13.

Floral visitors of Chamaecrista debilis (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) at cerrado of Estação Ecológica de Jataí, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Nascimento, Elynton A. do

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Neotropical Entomology

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aug 2007, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 619 - 624

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Embora plantas do gênero Chamaecrista Moench representem importante fonte de pólen para abelhas do cerrado, essas relações são ainda pouco conhecidas. Entre os visitantes florais de Ch. debilis, os himenópteros (Apidae) são os mais abundantes, mas também são encontrados coleópteros (Buprestidae) e lepidópteros (Noctuidae). Abelhas de grande porte parecem ser os polinizadores efetivos dos Cassiinae no cerrado. Assim, das dezessete espécies visitantes florais de Ch. debilis, são indicadas apenas cinco espécies como potencialmente polinizadoras, dais quais quatro não foram registradas em outros estudos.

Although Chamaecrista Moench genus is a very important source of pollen to bees in the Cerrado, this relationship is almost unknown. Within flower visitors of Ch. debilis, we found hymenopterans (Apidae) as the most abundants, but Coleoptera (Buprestidae) and Lepidoptera (Noctuidae) were also collected. Bees of great size are pointed out as effective pollinators of Cassiinae. Only five out of seventeen species of floral visitors of Ch. debilis sampled in cerrado, are indicated as possible pollinators, from which four species were not previously indicated in other papers.

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14.

The outcomes of an ant-treehopper association on Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill: increased membracid fecundity and reduced damage by chewing herbivores
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Moreira, Vanessa S.S.

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Neotropical Entomology

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dec 2005, Volume 34 N. 6 Pages 881 - 887

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Interações entre formigas e hemípteros (Auchenorryncha e Sternorryncha) são importantes ferramentas para o estudo do impacto de relações multitróficas sobre a diversidade de artrópodes na vegetação. No presente estudo, através de manipulação experimental no campo, investigou-se no cerrado o impacto de uma dessas relações multitróficas para quatro membros da interação: formigas, o hemíptero (Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel, a planta hospedeira (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill) e herbívoros. A variação nos efeitos da relação ao longo do tempo também foi avaliada. Os resultados permitiram verificar que formigas se beneficiam de uma fonte alimentar rica e previsível no tempo e espaço, enquanto que os membracídeos atendidos por formigas sobreviveram melhor. Os resultados mostram também que o benefício da relação pode se estender sobre a fecundidade dos membracídeos. A presença da associação formiga-hemíptero teve um impacto significativo sobre a redução da herbivoria por mastigadores na planta hospedeira.

Interactions between ants and hemipterans (Auchenorryncha e Sternorryncha) are important to understand the impact of multitrophic relationships on arthropod diversity on vegetation. The present field study experimentally investigates the outcomes of a multispecies interaction involving four components: ants, hemipteran trophobionts (Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel, chewing herbivores, and host plant (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill). The occurrence of temporal variation in the outcomes of the relationships was also investigated. Results showed that ants were benefited by a rich food source predictable in time and space, while membracids survived better under ant attendance. Ant tending also had a positive impact on treehopper fecundity. Presence of ant-hemipteran associations was demonstrated to benefit the host plant through a significant reduction in herbivory caused by chewing insects.

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15.

Natural history and biology of Chlamisus minax Lacordaire (Chrysomelidae: Chlamisinae)
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Reu Jr., Wilson F.

; Del-Claro, Kleber

Neotropical Entomology

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jun 2005, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 357 - 362

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Embora muito abundantes nos Neotrópicos, pouco se sabe sobre a biologia, ecologia e história natural dos besouros Chlamisinae brasileiros. No presente estudo investigamos diretamente no Cerrado aspectos da história natural e biologia de Chlamisus minax Lacordaire. Os resultados mostram que a espécie tem ciclo anual, com adultos presentes no campo durante a primavera e o verão, quando ocorre a reprodução. As fêmeas cobrem seus ovos com um "manto", mais tarde as larvas adicionam a casca do ovo e fezes ao manto para a confecção de uma capa cônica, que recobre a larva protegendo-a de seus inimigos naturais. Os seis morfo-estágios larvais são herbívoros, alimentando-se de botões florais de Heteropterys pteropetala A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae). As larvas empupam nas plantas hospedeiras e suas pupas caem no solo permanecendo em diapausa de abril a outubro. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar a biologia e história natural de um Chlamisinae brasileiro diretamente no campo.

Although very abundant in the Neotropics, there is little information about the biology, ecology and natural history of Brazilian Chlamisinae beetles. In the present study we investigated directly in the Cerrado vegetation the aspects of natural history and biology of Chlamisus minax Lacordaire. The results showed that the species has annual cycle and the adults are present in the field during the spring and summer when the reproduction occurs. The females cover their eggs with a mantle, and later on the rests of the egg and faeces are added by the larva to the mantle to produce a protective case. The six larval morpho-stages are herbivorous and feed on floral buds of Heteropterys pteropetala A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae). The larvae pupate in the host plants and after that they fall on the ground remaining in diapause between April and October. This is the first study to investigate the biology and natural history of a Brazilian Chlamisinae beetle directly in the field.

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