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ABSTRACT Catfishes of the family Astroblepidae form a group composed by 82 valid species of the genus Astroblepus inhabiting high-gradient streams and rivers throughout tropical portions of the Andean Cordillera. Little has been advanced in the systematics and biodiversity of astroblepids other than an unpublished thesis, a single regional multilocus study and isolated species descriptions. Here, we examined 208 specimens of Astroblepus that apparently belong to 16 valid species from several piedmont rivers from northern Colombia to southern Peru. Using three single-locus approaches for species delimitation in combination with a species tree analysis estimated from three mitochondrial genes, we identified a total of 25 well-delimited lineages including eight valid and 17 potential undescribed species distributed in two monophyletic groups: the Central Andes Clade, which contains 14 lineages from piedmont rivers of the Peruvian Amazon, and the Northern Andes Clade with 11 lineages from trans- and cis-Andean rivers of Colombia and Ecuador, including the Orinoco, Amazon, and Magdalena-Cauca basins and Pacific coastal drainages. Results of species delimitation methods highlight several taxonomical incongruences in recently described species denoting potential synonymies.

RESUMEN Los bagres de la familia Astroblepidae son un grupo compuesto por 82 especies válidas del género Astroblepus que habitan quebradas y ríos de alto gradiente a través de la porcion tropical en la Cordillera de los Andes. Poco se ha avanzado en la sistemática y biodiversidad de los astroblepidos aparte de una tesis no publicada, un único estudio multilocus regional y descripciones aisladas de especies. Aquí, examinamos 208 especímenes de Astroblepus que aparentemente pertenecen a 16 especies válidas provenientes de ríos de pie de monte de la cordillera de los Andes, desde el norte de Colombia hasta el sur de Perú. Utilizando tres metodologías de delimitación de especies para un único locus en combinación con análisis de un árbol de especies a partir de tres genes mitocondriales, identificamos un total de 25 linajes bien definidos que incluyen ocho especies válidas y 17 potenciales especies no descritas distribuidas en dos grupos monofiléticos: un clado de los andes centrales, que contiene 14 especies de los ríos de pie de monte de la Amazonía peruana y un clado de los andes del norte con 11 especies de los ríos trans y cisandinos de Colombia y Ecuador, incluyendo las cuencas del Orinoco, Amazonas y Magdalena-Cauca así como drenajes costeros del Pacífico. Los resultados de los métodos de delimitación de especies destacan varias incongruencias taxonómicas en especies recientemente descritas que denotan posibles sinonimias.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0048 1645 downloads

Roles of the Taql and Bsml vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in hospital mortality of burn patients
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Nogueira, Glaucia R.

; Azevedo, Paula S.

; Polegato, Bertha F.

; Zornoff, Leonardo A.M.

; Paiva, Sergio A.R.

; Nogueira, Celia R.

; Araujo, Natalia C.

; Carmona, Bruno H.M.

; Conde, Sandro J.

; Minicucci, Marcos F.

Clinics

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aug 2016, Volume 71 N. 8 Pages 470 - 473

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of the Taql and Bsml vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in hospital mortality of burn patients. METHODS: In total, 105 consecutive burn injury patients over 18 years in age who were admitted to the Burn Unit of Bauru State Hospital from January to December 2013 were prospectively evaluated. Upon admission, patient demographic information was recorded and a blood sample was taken for biochemical analysis to identify the presence of the Taql(rs731236) and Bsml(rs1544410) polymorphisms. All of the patients were followed over their hospital stay and mortality was recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen of the patients did not sign the informed consent form, and there were technical problems with genotype analysis for 7 of the patients. Thus, 80 patients (mean age, 42.5±16.1 years) were included in the final analysis. In total, 60% of the patients were male, and 16.3% died during the hospital stay. The genotype frequencies for the Taql polymorphism were 51.25% TT, 41.25% TC and 7.50% CC; for the Bsml polymorphism, they were 51.25% GG, 42.50% GA and 6.25% AA. In logistic regression analysis, after adjustments for age, gender and total body surface burn area, there were no associations between the Taql (OR: 1.575; CI95%: 0.148-16.745; p=0.706) or Bsml (OR: 1.309; CI95%: 0.128-13.430; p=0.821) polymorphisms and mortality for the burn patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the Taql and Bsml vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with hospital mortality of burn patients.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(08)10 750 downloads

Dolor irruptivo oncológico inducido por radioterapia: ¿es posible optimizar su tratamiento?
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Olay Gayoso, L.

; Rijo, G.J.

; Rodríguez Sánchez, Á.

; Pozas de Celis, R.

; Ferrer Albiach, C.

; Conde Moreno, A.J.

; Antonini, O.

; Triana Martínez, G.

; Calvo Crespo, P.

; López Muñoz, M.

; Estornell Gualde, M.A.

; Monroy Antón, J.L.

; López Campos, F.

; Martínez Cedrés, J.C.

; Alled Comín, L.

; Asín, G.

; Victoria Fernández, C.

; Castro Gómez, J.E.

; Muñoz Garzón, V.

; Lanzuela, M.

Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor

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aug 2015, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 159 - 164

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: In the context of radiotherapy, control of breakthrough cancer pain (BTPc) is particularly challenging. BTPc has been defined by the Spanish Society of Pain (SED), the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society for Palliative Care (SECPAL) as a sudden and transient exacerbation of pain of great intensity (VAS > 7) and short (less than 20-30 minutes), which appears on the basis of a stable persistent pain when it is reduced to a tolerable level (VAS < 5) by using major opioids. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the intensity of BTPc induced by cancer treatments that included radiotherapy (RT), both exclusive and associated with chemotherapy (RT/CT). Secondly, the efficacy of treatment was evaluated with fentanyl sublingual scheduled for BTPc control. Material and methods: Retrospective, observational study in 110 patients recruited in 19 Spanish Radiotherapy Services. Patients must have BTPc induced by RT or RT/CT, with or without medication prescribed and with an intensity outside a VAS > 6 in the last 24-48 h. Controls were established at baseline and at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days. Results: There was a decrease in mean values ??on the VAS scale as the study progressed (VAS = 6 in the control 0 to VAS = 3 in the control 3) and the differences were significant (p < 0.0001). Treatment satisfaction was rated as good or excellent by 85.3% of patients and 92.7% of researches. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of BTPc treatment with sublingual fentanyl in the context of the radiotherapy cancer treatment, with a significant decrease in VAS from baseline values??. The high satisfaction among physicians and patients with this treatment reflects the efficacy and convenience of sublingual fentanyl in controlling BTPc.

Introducción: en el contexto de la radioterapia, el control del dolor irruptivo oncológico (DIO) supone un reto especial. El DIO ha sido definido por la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM) y la Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos (SECPAL) como una exacerbación del dolor súbita y transitoria, de gran intensidad (EVA > 7) y de corta duración (inferior a 20-30 minutos), que aparece sobre la base de un dolor persistente estable cuando este se encuentra reducido a un nivel tolerable (EVA < 5) mediante el uso de opioides mayores. Objetivos: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la intensidad del DIO inducido por tratamientos oncológicos que incluyeran radioterapia (RT), tanto exclusiva como asociada a quimioterapia (RT/QT). Secundariamente, se evaluó la eficacia del tratamiento con fentanilo sublingual pautado para el control del DIO. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en 110 pacientes reclutados en 19 Servicios de Radioterapia españoles. Los pacientes debían presentar DIO inducido por RT o RT/QT, con o sin medicación pautada y cuya intensidad fuera de una EVA > 6 en las últimas 24-48 h. Se establecieron controles en el momento basal, y a los 3, 7, 15 y 30 días. Resultados: se apreció un descenso en la media de los valores en la escala EVA según avanzó el estudio (EVA = 6 en el control 0 a EVA = 3 en el control 3), y las diferencias fueron significativas (p < 0,0001). La satisfacción con el tratamiento fue calificada como buena o excelente por el 85,3% de los pacientes y por el 92,7% de los investigadores. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio demuestran la eficacia del tratamiento del DIO con fentanilo sublingual en el contexto del tratamiento oncológico radioterápico, con un descenso significativo en los valores EVA frente al valor basal. La elevada satisfacción de los médicos y pacientes con este tratamiento refleja la eficacia y la comodidad del fentanilo sublingual en el control del DIO.

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Analysis of indices of extreme temperature events at Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico: 1952-2003
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LÓPEZ-DÍAZ, F.

; CONDE, C.

Atmósfera

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jun 2013, Volume 26 N. 3 Pages 349 - 358

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In recent years in Mexico and around the world, the scientific community has shown great interest in acquiring knowledge regarding the behavior of extreme climate events due to their increasing number and intensity. The objective of this research was to analyze variations in extreme temperature events using extreme climate indices. We conducted a case study for the municipality of Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico, using data sets of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures for the period from 1952 to 2003. Six indices related to maximum and minimum temperatures were calculated: frost days, summer days, warm days, cool days, warm nights and cool nights. All of the index results were evaluated annually and only four of the indices were analyzed according to the seasons. A trend based on a linear least squares regression model was fit to the indices to determine their behavior. The index results showed that extreme events related to maximum temperatures corresponded to greater changes and an increased number of summer days and decreased cool days. Additionally, there was an increase of frost days, associated with a greater number of days with minimum temperatures below 0 °C. In general, the results indicated that warmer and colder extreme temperatures are occurring. The detection of those trends in the extreme events can be seen as a first step in any study of the attribution of those observed changes (e.g., land use change, regional climate change, etc.). This attribution aspect will not be discussed in the present study.

En los últimos años se ha generado en México, así como alrededor del mundo, un gran interés de la comunidad científica por tener un mayor conocimiento acerca del comportamiento de los eventos climáticos extremos, debido a su creciente número e intensidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis de eventos climáticos extremos de temperatura utilizando para ello índices extremos de clima. Se efectuó un estudio de caso para el municipio de Apizaco, Tlaxcala, México, con series de datos de temperaturas máxima y mínima diarias para el periodo 1952-2003. Se calcularon seis índices relacionados con temperatura máxima y mínima: días de heladas, días de verano, días cálidos, días fríos, noches cálidas y noches frías. Los resultados de todos ellos se evaluaron de forma anual, y sólo cuatro se analizaron por temporadas. Se les ajustó una tendencia con un modelo de regresión lineal de mínimos cuadrados, para determinar su comportamiento. Los resultados de los índices mostraron que los eventos extremos relacionados con temperatura máxima tuvieron más cambios, los días de verano se incrementaron y los días fríos disminuyeron. Además, hubo un incremento en los días de heladas, es decir, se presentó una mayor cantidad de días con temperaturas mínimas por debajo de 0° C. En general, los resultados indicaron que se están presentando temperaturas más extremas, más cálidas pero también más frías. La detección de estas tendencias en los eventos extremos se puede considerar como un primer paso en cualquier estudio de atribución de los cambios observados (v. gr., cambios en el uso del suelo, cambio climático regional, etc.). Este aspecto de atribución no se abordará en el presente trabajo.

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PINP en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática: Comparación de dos métodos de medida y asociación con diferentes parámetros bioquímicos
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Guadalix, S.

; Martínez-Conde, L.

; Martínez Díaz-Guerra, G.

; Vargas, C.

; Hawkins, F.

Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral

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mar 2013, Volume 5 N. 1 Pages 24 - 29

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (PINP) is a marker for bone formation. Blood PINP is found in trimeric and monomeric forms. There are two automated methods for its determination. R-PINP (Roche Diagnostics) determines both forms (Total PINP). IDS-PINP (IDS iSYS N-Mid® Vitro) determines the trimeric part (Intact PINP). Objective: To compare the two methods. Material and method: 81 patients (64 men and 17 women, average age of 53 ± 8 years) with terminal hepatic insufficiency were recruited. Creatinine, PTH, 25-OH-vitamin D, beta-crosslaps (β-CTX), desoxypyridinoline (Dpyr), hepatic function and PINP with both methods, were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured (Hologic®, QDR 4500) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The comparison between the two methods was carried out using a Bland-Altman and Passing'Bablok analysis. Results: R-PINP showed higher values than IDS-PINP (85.03 ± 56.67 vs. 55.22 ± 32.81 ng/mL, p<0,001). The correlation between the two methods was r= 0.81 (p<0.01) and the Passing-Bablok regression analysis Y = 0.570 [0.475-0.669] X + 7.724 [2.130-12.542]. Conclusion: There is a good correlation between the two methods in patients with hepatic insufficiency, although not proportional or interchangeable.

Introducción: El propéptido N-terminal del colágeno tipo I (PINP) es un marcador de formación ósea. El PINP en suero se encuentra en forma trimérica y monomérica. Hay dos métodos automatizados para su determinación. R-PINP (Roche Diagnostics) determina ambas formas (PINP total). IDS-PINP (IDS iSYS N-Mid® Vitro) determina la fracción trimérica (PINP intacta). Objetivo: Comparar ambos métodos. Material y método: Se reclutaron 81 pacientes (64 hombres y 17 mujeres, edad media de 53 ± 8 años) con insuficiencia hepática terminal. Se midió PINP por ambos métodos, creatinina, PTH, 25-OH-vitamina D, beta-crosslaps (β-CTX), desoxipiridinolina (Dpyr) y la función hepática. Se midió la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en columna lumbar y cuello femoral (Hologic®, QDR 4500). La comparación entre ambos métodos se realizó por análisis de Bland-Altman y Passing Bablok. Resultados: R-PINP mostró valores mayores que IDS-PINP (85,03 ± 56,67 vs. 55,22 ± 32,81 ng/mL, p<0,001). La correlación entre ambos métodos fue r= 0,81 (p<0,01) y el análisis de regresión de Passing-Bablok Y= 0,570 [0,475-0,669] X + 7,724 [2,130-12,542]. Conclusión: Existe una buena correlación entre ambos métodos en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática, si bien no son proporcionales ni intercambiables.

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Efecto terapéutico del extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca spp. en anemia ferropénica inducida en ratas Holtzman macho
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Gonzales-Carazas, Evelyn F.

; Melgarejo-García, Giannina C.

; Chávez-Conde, Lizeth K.

; Arellán-Bravo, Luis J.

; Carbajal-Lázaro, Elena

; Cabrera-Gómez, Yasmine A.

; Quiróz-Sáenz, Gilmer M.

; García-Antúnez, Isis N.

; Llanto-Aguirre, Miguel

; Choque-Nolasco, Franchesca G.

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina

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jan 2013, Volume 74 N. 1 Pages 7 - 10

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Coca leaf has been traditionally used for medical purposes and contains high iron levels. Objective: To determine the effect of Erythroxylum coca spp. ethanol extract in iron-deficiency anemia induced by iron-deficient diet in male Holtzman rats. Design: Experimental. Setting: Institute of Pathology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Biologic material: Eighteen weaned male Holtzman rats 16 days old. Interventions: Rats were allocated to three groups of six rats each: a) iron-sufficient group (IS) received 25 g/d of balanced diet for 7 weeks; b) iron-deficient group (ID) received 25 g/d of iron-deficient diet for 7 weeks; and, c) iron deficient/E. coca extract group (ID-CE) received 25 g/d of iron-deficient diet for 7 weeks, and in the fifth week 18 g/d of E. coca extract were added. Main outcome measures: Serum hemoglobin level, weight and height. Results: At the end of the treatment, there was significant difference of hemoglobin in the ID-CE group (p=0.04). There was significant difference in serum hemoglobin levels between ID-CE and ID groups (p=0.0062). No significant difference was found in serum hemoglobin levels between ID-CE and IS groups (p=0.06). No significant difference was found in weight and height between ID and ID-CE groups (p=0.20 and p=0.23, respectively). Conclusions: E. coca had experimental antianemic effect supported by findings in the serum hemoglobin levels.

Introducción: La hoja de coca ha sido usada tradicionalmente con fines medicinales y contiene altos niveles de hierro. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca spp. frente a anemia ferropénica inducida por dieta deficiente en hierro, en ratas Holtzman macho. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Laboratorio del Instituto de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Dieciocho ratas Holtzman macho de 16 días de edad recién destetadas. Intervenciones: Se formó tres grupos de seis ratas cada uno: a) grupo hierro suficiente (HS), recibió 25 g/d de alimento balanceado durante 7 semanas; b) grupo hierro deficiente (HD), recibió 25 g/d de dieta ferropénica durante 7 semanas; y, c) el grupo hierro deficiente - extracto E. coca (HD-EC), recibió 25 g/d de dieta ferropénica durante 7 semanas y a partir de la semana 5 se agregó 18 g/d de extracto de E. coca. Principales medidas de resultados: Nivel sérico de hemoglobina, peso y talla. Resultados: Al finalizar el tratamiento, se observó aumento significativo de la hemoglobina en el grupo HD-EC (p=0,04). Se encontró diferencia significativa en los niveles séricos de hemoglobina entre los grupos HD-EC y HD (p=0,0062). No se encontró diferencia significativa en los valores de hemoglobina entre los grupos HD-EC y HS (p= 0,06). No se evidenció diferencia en el peso y la talla entre los grupos HD y HD-EC (p=0,20 y p=0,23, respectivamente). Conclusiones: E. coca presenta efecto antianémico experimental, sustentado en los resultados de los niveles de hemoglobina.

Oncogenic osteomalacia: loss of hypophosphatemia might be the key to avoid misdiagnosis
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Chang, Claudia V.

; Conde, Sandro J.

; Luvizotto, Renata A. M.

; Nunes, Vânia S.

; Bonates, Milla C.

; Felicio, Andre C.

; Lindsey, Susan C.

; Moraes, Flávia H.

; Tagliarini, José V.

; Mazeto, Glaucia M. F. S.

; Kopp, Peter

; Nogueira, Célia R.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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nov 2012, Volume 56 N. 8 Pages 570 - 573

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A osteomalacia oncogênica é um diagnóstico clínico desafiador, caracterizado pela perda renal de fosfato e baixos níveis de 1,25-di-hidroxivitamina D3, ocorrendo na presença de um tumor produtor de altos níveis de fator de crescimento de fibroblasto 23. No entanto, é possível que se trate muito mais de uma falha de diagnóstico clínico do que propriamente uma doença rara. Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 42 anos com histórico de fraqueza muscular progressiva por cinco anos e restrição à cadeira de rodas, sem diagnóstico. Seus exames laboratoriais evidenciavam baixos níveis de fósforo. A remoção cirúrgica de um hemangiopericitoma detectado previamente em cavidade nasal levou à resolução completa dos sintomas. Os autores enfatizam que, mesmo com a etiologia já evidenciada, o paciente consultou diversos clínicos no decorrer dos cinco anos até que fossem instituídos o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequados. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):570-3

Diagnosing oncogenic osteomalacia is still a challenge. The disorder is characterized by osteomalacia caused by renal phosphate wasting and low serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 occurring in the presence of a tumor that produces high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23. However, it is possible that the disease is much more misdiagnosed than rare. We present the case of a 42-year-old man with a long-term history of undiagnosed progressive muscle weakness. His laboratory results mainly showed low serum phosphate. Surgical removal of a nasal hemangiopericytoma that had been diagnosed five years earlier, brought him to a symptom-free condition. Even though knowing the underlying etiology would explain his osteomalacia, the patient sought medical help from countless physicians for five consecutive years, and only after adequate treatment a rewarding outcome was achieved. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):570-3

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Numerical simulation of a heavy rainfall event over Portugal using mesoscale model
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Ramos, A. M.

; Conde, F. C.

; Moreira, D. S.

; Freitas, S. R.

; Silva, A. M.

; Lucas, E. W. M.

Atmósfera

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jul 2012, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 295 - 309

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Strong rainfall events have unquestionably one of the largest economic and social impacts of any atmospheric phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to simulate the weather conditions associated with the heavy precipitation episode during 11-13 March 2002, which generated intense rainfall as well as hail and snow in the central and northern regions of Continental Portugal. The simulation was carried out using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), through a three nested grids configuration 48 km, 12 km and the highest resolution being 3 km, to capture the synoptic and mesoscale circulation patterns. The initial and lateral boundary conditions necessary to drive RAMS were taken from the Brazilian Center of Weather Prediction and Climate Studies (CPTEC) global model forecasts in the form of spectral coefficients with T62 triangular truncation equivalent to 1.825° resolution in the meridional and zonal directions. The model results show that the RAMS model is a useful framework to describe the rainfall patterns over the region, reproducing the area without rainfall within the domain reasonably well, although the model overestimated or underestimated the observed values at different periods. The spatial distribution of the total accumulated rainfall showed some tendency to predict more precipitation over higher elevations, probably influenced by dynamical forcing and associated microphysical processes.

Los eventos fuertes de precipitación incuestionablemente tienen, de entre todos los fenómenos atmosféricos, los mayores impactos económicos y sociales. El propósito de este trabajo es simular las condiciones climáticas asociadas con el episodio de precipitación fuerte que ocurrió entre el 11 y el 13 de marzo de 2002 y que generó lluvia intensa así como granizo y nieve en las regiones central y norte de Portugal continental. La simulación se llevó a cabo utilizando el sistema de modelación atmosférica regional (Regional Atmospheric Modelling System, RAMS) con redes de configuración de 48 y 12 km y una resolución máxima de 3 km para capturar los patrones de circulación sinópticos y de mesoescala. Las condiciones iniciales y laterales de frontera necesarias para ejecutar el RAMS se obtuvieron de los modelos globales de pronóstico del centro brasileño de predicción del tiempo y estudios climáticos (Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, CPTEC) en la forma de coeficientes espectrales con triangulación truncada T62 equivalente a 1.825° de resolución en las direcciones meridional y zonal. Los resultados del modelo muestran que el RAMS es un marco útil para describir los patrones de lluvia de la región, reproduciendo razonablemente bien el área sin precipitación dentro del dominio; sin embargo el modelo sobreestima o subestima los valores observados en diferentes periodos. La distribución espacial de la precipitación total acumulada mostró una tendencia a predecir mayor precipitación sobre los lugares elevados, probablemente por la influencia del forzamiento dinámico y la asociación con procesos microfísicos.

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El papel pronóstico de la invasión perineural en la biopsia prostática
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Gutiérrez, C.

; Terrasa, F.

; Briones, G.

; Conde, G.

; Fuentes, I.

; Hidalgo, F.

; Bestard, J.

; Rebassa, M.

Actas Urológicas Españolas

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jun 2011, Volume 35 N. 6 Pages 347 - 353

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Despite tumour cell dissemination through the intraprostatic nervous system being considered as a prostate cancer progression mechanism, the significance of perineural invasion in prostate biopsies to predict extraprostatic extension and its use as a potential prognosis factor is controversial. Materials and methods: Retrospective study carried out at an institution on 208 patients treated with radical prostatectomy (January 2007 - July 2010) in which the presence of perineural invasion and the Gleason score in the preoperative biopsy were determined, as well as the clinical stage and the pre-surgery PSA. We classified the patients in risk groups in accordance with the D'Amico classification. We performed bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses to establish the correlations between the different variables. Results: We objectified PNI in 18.3% of the prostate biopsies. 71% of the prostatectomy specimens with perineural invasion presented extraprostatic extension in the previous biopsy against 23.1% when this was not found (p<0.0001) and 47% of the cases showed positive margins with PNI, against 18.3% without perineural invasion (p<0.0001). In fact, in the multivariate analysis, perineural invasion proved to be an independent risk factor in the presentation of extraprostatic extension and positive margins in the prostatectomy specimen. Conclusions: The presence of perineural invasion is a useful prognostic factor for predicting extraprostatic extension and the involvement of surgical margin in the radical prostatectomy specimen. We believe that determining it may be a useful tool for improving preoperative diagnosis and planning treatment.

Introducción: A pesar de que la diseminación celular tumoral a través del sistema nervioso intraprostático se considera un mecanismo de progresión del cáncer prostático, el significado de la invasión perineural en biopsias de próstata para predecir extensión extraprostática y su utilidad como potencial factor pronóstico es controvertido. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo llevado a cabo en una institución sobre 208 pacientes tratados con prostatectomía radical (enero 2007-julio 2010) en los que se ha determinado la presencia de invasión perineural y el score de gleason en la biopsia preoperatoria, así como el estadio clínico y el PSA prequirúrgico. Clasificamos los pacientes en grupos de riesgo según la clasificación de D'Amico. Realizamos análisis estadístico bivariante y multivariante para establecer la correlación entre las distintas variables. Resultados: Se objetivó IPN en el 18,3% de las biopsias prostáticas. Presentaron extensión extraprostática el 71% de los espécimenes de prostatectomía con invasión perineural en la biopsia previa vs. 23,1% cuando no existía este hallazgo (p<0,0001) y márgenes positivos el 47,4% de los casos con IPN, frente a 18,3% sin invasión perineural (p<0,0001). De hecho, en el análisis multivariante la invasión perineural demostró ser un factor de riesgo independiente para presentar extensión extraprostática y márgenes positivos en la pieza de prostatectomía. Conclusiones: La presencia de Invasión perineural es un factor pronóstico útil para la predicción de extensión extraprostática y afectación de márgenes quirúrgicos en la pieza de prostatectomía radical. Consideramos que su determinación puede ser una herramienta útil en la mejora del diagnóstico preoperatorio y en la planificación del tratamiento.

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10.

Regional climate change scenarios for México
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CONDE, C.

; ESTRADA, F.

; MARTÍNEZ, B.

; SÁNCHEZ, O.

; GAY, C.

Atmósfera

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jan 2011, Volume 24 N. 1 Pages 125 - 140

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In this paper we present the regional climate change scenarios that were used for the assessment of the potential impacts in México on agriculture, livestock, forestry, hydrological resources as well as on human settlements and biodiversity. Those studies were developed for the Fourth Communication of México for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and coordinated by the Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera. The climate change scenarios were generated combining the models presented in the Fourth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the criteria established by the IPCC's Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impact and Climate Analysis. Specifically, climate change scenarios for México for the time horizons 2030 and 2050 were generated using the outputs from ECHAM5, HADGEM1 and GFDL CM2.0 models. The variables considered were monthly temperature and precipitation and the emissions scenarios A1B, A2, B2 and B1. These scenarios were generated using two spatial resolutions: low (2.5° × 2.5°), and high (5'× 5'). The corresponding databases and maps are available at the webpage: http://www.atmosfera.unam.mx/.

En este trabajo se presentan los escenarios de cambio climático regionales empleados en los estudios de impactos potenciales en México en los sectores de agricultura, ganadería, forestal, recursos hídricos y en los de asentamientos humanos y de biodiversidad. Estos estudios se realizaron dentro de los trabajos para la Cuarta Comunicación de México ante la Convención Marco de Cambio Climático, coordinados por el Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera. Para la generación de estos escenarios se emplearon los modelos presentados por el Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático en su último Reporte de Evaluación y los criterios establecidos por el Grupo de Trabajo sobre Datos y Escenarios para el Análisis de Impactos y Clima. Específicamente, los escenarios de cambio climático fueron generados para la República Mexicana utilizando las salidas de los modelos ECHAM5, HADGEM1 y GFDL CM2.0, para la temperatura y precipitación mensuales, para los horizontes 2030 y 2050, y para los escenarios de emisiones A1B, A2, B2 y B1. Estos escenarios fueron generados utilizando dos resoluciones espaciales: baja (2.5° × 2.5°), y alta (5' × 5'). Las bases de datos y los mapas correspondientes se encuentran disponibles en la página: http://www.atmosfera.unam.mx/.

5400 downloads Cited 7 times in SciELO

11.

Evaluation of screening serological tests for brucellosis diagnosis in buffaloes
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Paulin, L.M.S.

; Samartino, L.E.

; Conde, S.B.

; Turilli, C.

; Ferreira, F.

; Amaku, M.

; Dias, R.A.

; Ferreira Neto, J.S.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2010, Volume 62 N. 4 Pages 989 - 992

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

2257 downloads

12.

I Conferencia Nacional de Consenso sobre el Injerto Óseo del Seno Maxilar
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Villarreal, P.M.

; Fernández-Bustillo, Á.

; Acero, J.

; Arruti, J.A.

; Baladrón, J.

; Bilbao, A.

; Birbe, J.

; Borja, A.

; Burgueño, M.

; Bustillo, R.

; Caubet, J.

; Concejo, C.

; Paz, V.M. de

; Díaz-Mauriño, J.C.

; Esnal, F.

; Fernández San Román, J.

; Forteza, G.

; Gallego, L.

; Garatea, J.

; García Vega, J.R.

; Gil-Díez, J.L.

; González González, C.

; González Lagunas, J.

; Hernández Alfaro, F.

; Hernando, J.

; Hueto, J.A.

; Infante, P.

; Junquera, L.M.

; Lombardía, E.

; López-Arranz, J.S.

; López Cedrún, J.L.

; Martín Conde, R.

; Martín-Granizo, R.

; Mateo, J.

; Mejías, Q.

; Monje, F.

; Montesdeoca, N.

; Moreno, J.C.

; Morillo, A.

; Pelaz, A.

; Porras, G.

; Rezola, A.

; Rituerto, A.

; Rodríguez-Recio, O.

; Rodríguez-Recio, C.

; Rollón, Á.

; Salmerón, J.I.

; Sánchez, I.

; Serrat, A.

; Verrier, A.

Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial

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jun 2010, Volume 32 N. 2 Pages 41 - 63

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objective: The objectives of the first Spanish Consensus Conference on Sinus Bone Graft were trying to reach agreements points on the major controversies of this technique, and translate them in a summary document. Material and method: During the 17th and 18th of October of 2008 took place in Oviedo (Spain) the Conference, sponsored by the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. There, 50 national and international speakers reviewed in 6 workshops the major controversies of sinus bone grafts. Following the conferences, the moderators proposed the main conclusions of each workshop and opened a round of discussion where all attendees participated. Results: This document and its conclusions emanate from the presentations made by the speakers and the discussions and agreements of each workshop. Both have been approved after several corrections by all authors before being submitted for publication. They have also obtained the official scientific recognition of the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and should serve as a basis for future scientific studies and meetings. Conclusions: The main objective when we perform a sinus bone graft is vital bone formation in the maxillary sinus, to achieve long-term survival of the implants after prosthetic loading. To do this, the technique and sequence of treatment should aim to achieve predictable and stable results over time, although this involves a longer waiting time. The initial implant stability is the key factor for osseointegration and should be the main criterion to indicate simultaneous or delayed implants in the maxillary sinus.

Objetivo: El objetivo de la I Conferencia Española de Consenso sobre el Injerto Óseo Sinusal era intentar llegar a puntos de acuerdo sobre las principales controversias de esta técnica, aplicada de forma muy variada y con el empleo de materiales muy diversos, y conseguir plasmar los mismos en un documento resumen consensuado por todos los autores. Material y método: Durante los días 17 y 18 de octubre de 2008 se celebró en Oviedo la citada conferencia, auspiciada por la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial. En ella se dieron cita un total de 50 ponentes de reconocido prestigio nacional e internacional que repasaron en 6 mesas de trabajo las principales controversias sobre los injertos óseos sinusales. Tras las conferencias de los ponentes, los moderadores establecían las principales conclusiones de cada mesa y se abría un turno de debate donde participaban todos los asistentes. Resultado: Este documento y sus conclusiones emanan de las presentaciones realizadas por los ponentes y de las deliberaciones y acuerdos de cada mesa de trabajo. Ambos han sido aprobados tras varias correcciones por todos los autores antes de ser enviados para su publicación. Además, han obtenido el reconocimiento científico oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y deben servir como base para futuros estudios y reuniones científicas. Conclusiones: El objetivo fundamental cuando se realiza un injerto óseo sinusal es la formación de hueso vital en el seno maxilar, para conseguir la supervivencia a largo plazo de los implantes tras su carga protésica. Para ello, la técnica y la secuencia de tratamiento deben orientarse a conseguir resultados predecibles y estables en el tiempo, aunque esto suponga un mayor tiempo de espera hasta la colocación de la prótesis. La estabilidad inicial del implante es el factor clave para la osteointegración y debe ser el principal criterio para indicar implantes simultáneos o diferidos en el seno maxilar.

4548 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

13.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on fluid absorption among patients with pleural effusion due to tuberculosis
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Oliveira, Juliana F.

; Mello, Fernanda C. Q.

; Rodrigues, Rosana S.

; Boechat, Ana L.

; Conde, Marcus B.

; Menezes, Sara L. S.

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

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apr 2010, Volume 14 N. 2 Pages 127 - 132

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A tuberculose (TB) permanece como um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. A forma mais comum de apresentação é a pulmonar e, em pacientes soronegativos, a forma de doença extrapulmonar mais prevalente é a pleural. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (CPAP) na absorção do derrame pleural em pacientes com tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos. O grupo intervenção (n=10) recebeu CPAP três vezes por semana durante as quatro primeiras semanas do tratamento anti-TB, e o grupo controle (n=10) recebeu somente droga anti-TB. O ponto final de avaliação foi o volume de líquido pleural após quatro semanas de tratamento. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada, usando a reconstrução tridimensional (3D) da imagem. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes e Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas, e as que apresentaram distribuição normal foram analisadas por meio do teste t de Student não pareado. RESULTADOS: A redução do volume de derrame pleural foi significativamente maior no grupo intervenção (83,5%±DP 3,6) que no grupo controle (36,9%±DP 2,9) (p<0,001), e o índice de dispnéia final foi menor no grupo CPAP que no grupo controle (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Tais achados indicam que a CPAP, durante o primeiro mês de tratamento anti-TB, acelera a absorção do derrame pleural, no entanto estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar estes achados e avaliar o impacto da CPAP na sequela pleural após o término do tratamento anti-TB. Artigo registrado no Clinical Trials sob o número NCT00560521.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains as an important public health problem worldwide. The most common type is pulmonary TB, and the most prevalent form of extra-pulmonary disease among HIV-negative patients is pleural disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on fluid absorption among patients with pleural effusion due to TB. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomized into two groups. The interventional group (n=10) received CPAP three times a week during the initial four weeks of anti-TB treatment, and the control group (n=10) received anti-TB drugs only. The primary endpoint was the volume of pleural fluid after four weeks of treatment. Both groups were submitted to thoracic computed tomography using three-dimensional image reconstruction. The Mann-Whitney test for independent samples and the Wilcoxon paired samples test were used for statistical analysis. The normal distribution samples were analyzed using the unpaired t test. RESULTS: The reduction of pleural effusion volume was significantly greater in the intervention group (83.5%±SD 3.6) than in the control group (36.9%±SD 2.9; p<0.001), and the final dyspnea index was lower in the Intervention group than in the control group (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that CPAP during the first month of TB treatment accelerates the absorption of pleural effusion, however, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the impact of CPAP on pleural sequelae after the end of anti-TB treatment. Article registered in the Clinical Trials under the number NCT00560521.

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14.

Spatial pattern recognition of extreme temperature climatology: assessing HadCM3 simulations via NCEP reanalyses over Europe
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Lucio, P. S.

; Conde, F. C.

; Ramos, A. M.

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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aug 2007, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 204 - 217

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este artigo é um ensaio na quantificação de incertezas espaciais associadas à resposta de temperaturas extremas, avaliando dados derivados de um determinado modelo de clima. Isto é empreendido por uma comparação entre o padrão espacial de séries temporais agregadas de longo termo (1960/61-1989/90) para temperaturas extremas simuladas de um particular MCG, o "UK Met Office - Hadley Centre" modelo de clima, HadCM3, e das reanálises do "USA NCAR NCEP", que são considerados como ‘verdade’, no domínio espacial do projeto MICE ("Modelling the Impacts of Climate Extremes" - Projeto Europeu). Posto que a avaliação de modelos é crucial na determinação de cenários futuros, a meta deste estudo é investigar se os valores extremos obtidos através do HadCM3 são hábeis para reproduzir as reanálises do NCEP, assumindo que os extremos de ambos os modelos sejam realizações do mesmo processo estocástico no espaço. Para adquirir informações mais úteis sobre as incertezas acerca da projeção espacial de clima, deve-se também analisar o padrão de extremos de temperatura em termos de suas anomalias. Uma técnica comum na avaliação de modelos numéricos está baseada na Análise de Componentes Principais ou na Classificação Bayesiana Empírica para o reconhecimento do padrão espacial. Estas metodologias são muito importante e úteis para guiar o processo de estatístico evolutivo na construção de modelos. Este estudo conduz à conclusão que as simulações do HadCM3 não reproduzem realisticamente as reanálises do NCEP, apesar da climatologia de extremos ter demonstrado padrões espaciais semelhantes. É provável, então, que tal instabilidade possa persistir no futuro.

This article attempts to quantify the spatial uncertainties associated with extreme temperature’s response, by assessing data derived from climate model. This is undertaken by a comparison of the spatial pattern of a long-term time-series aggregation (1960/61-1989/90) for extreme temperatures simulated by a particular GCM (the UK Met Office - Hadley Centre climate model, HadCM3) to that of the USA NCAR NCEP Reanalyses, which are considered as ‘truth’, over the MICE (Modelling the Impacts of Climate Extremes - EU Project) spatial domain. Since evaluation of models is crucial to assessing future scenarios, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the extreme values predicted by the HadCM3 climate model can simulate those produced by NCEP Reanalyses, assuming that the extremes of both models are realizations of the same spatial stochastic process. To get more useful information about the uncertainties surrounding spatial climate projection, one also has to analyze the pattern of temperature extremes in terms of their anomalies. A common technical issue in the assessment of numerical spatial models is based on the Principal Components Analysis and Bayesian Classification for spatial pattern recognition. These methodologies are very important and useful for guiding an evolutionary statistical model-building process. This study leads to the conclusion that the HadCM3 Simulations do not realistically reproduce the NCEP Reanalyses, despite the fact that the climatology of extremes has demonstrated very similar spatial patterns. It is likely therefore that such instability may persist in the future.

2589 downloads

15.

Habitat disturbance and small mammal richness and diversity in an Atlantic rainforest area in southeastern Brazil
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Vera y Conde, C. F.

; Rocha, C. F. D.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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nov 2006, Volume 66 N. 4 Pages 983 - 990

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os distúrbios são importantes fatores ecológicos afetando a diversidade de espécies em ambientes naturais. Na Floresta Atlântica vive cerca de 50% da população humana do Brasil. A crescente ocupação humana neste ecossistema, resultou em uma intensa degradação e fragmentação do hábitat, tornando vulnerável a sua diversidade biológica e ocasionando uma alta taxa de perda de espécies animais e vegetais. Alguns estudos de comunidades têm demonstrado que ao longo de um gradiente de perturbação ambiental, os maiores valores de diversidade de espécies são encontrados em hábitats com níveis intermediários de frequência e de intensidade de distúrbios. No presente estudo, nós estimamos a riqueza, diversidade e abundância de espécies de pequenos mamíferos em três áreas de Mata Atlântica com diferentes níveis de distúrbio. O estudo foi conduzido na Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande (23° 11' S e 44° 12' W), uma ilha localizada no Sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Em cada uma das três áreas de florestas e em uma área antrópica rodeada por estas florestas, nós estabelecemos 10 trilhas paralelas com 200 metros de comprimento (com pontos a cada 20 m de intervalo e pontos adicionais acima do solo), num esforço total de 4800 armadilhas/noite. Nós também medimos algumas variáveis estruturais do hábitat para avaliar o nível de distúrbio em cada área. Nossos dados mostraram que as duas florestas mais conservadas tiveram os mais baixos valores de riqueza e diversidade de espécies e que na área antrópica ocorreu uma perda quase total de espécies silvestres. A floresta com nível intermediário de distúrbio teve os maiores valores de riqueza e diversidade de espécies, considerando a área antrópica como um hábitat sob alto grau de distúrbio.

Since disturbance is an important ecological factor affecting species diversity in natural environments, the increasing human occupation rate in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, which supports about 50% of Brazil's human population, has resulted in intense habitat degradation and fragmentation. Within this rainforest, animal and plant species have been lost at a high rate, and biological and diversity is presently vulnerable. Various animals community studies along a gradient of environmental disturbances have shown that the highest species diversities occur in habitats with intermediate levels of disturbance frequency and intensity. In the present study, which was carried out in the Atlantic forest of Ilha Grande (23° 11' S and 44° 12' W), an island located on the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, we estimated species richness, diversity, and abundance of small mammals in three forest areas having different disturbance levels. This was done, in each of these areas and in an anthropic area that they surround, by establishing trails 200 m long, in which points were marked at 20 m intervals. The work involved a total effort of 4800 trap/nights. We also measured some habitat variables at each site in order to evaluated their disturbance levels. Our data showed that the two most conserved forests had the lower species richness and small mammal diversity, while in the anthropic area wild species were absent. The forest with an intermediary level of disturbance showed higher values for species richness and diversity, with the anthropic area presenting the highest disturbance level.

5784 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

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