ABSTRACT The meta-analysis data were obtained from a survey of published articles over 15 years. The data were selected to classify the factors that impact broiler production and separated by influence aspects of animal production (thermal environment and other factors). The relevant data for each study were systematized, grouped and later tabulated and inserted into a database prepared in a spreadsheet. The variables used to analyze the thermal environment were temperature (comfort, high and low) and performance data (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion). The variables used for other features were ventilation (TER = tunnel + evaporative cooling, PP = positive pressure, NV = natural ventilation) and performance (feed conversion, live weight, mortality, and weight gain). The factors that may influence the production of broilers were tested by covariance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and divergence analysis, about the Cobb®, Ross® and Hubbard® strains. The results showed that the factors that most influenced the performance of broilers were temperature, ventilation rate, and genetic strain.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o letramento funcional em saúde (LFS) e o conhecimento sobre doença renal crônica de 60 pacientes em tratamento pré-dialítico. Método: estudo transversal. O LFS foi mensurado pelo instrumento B-TOFHLA; e o conhecimento, por questionário. Foram realizados testes de correlação de Pearson e Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressões lineares. Resultados: todos entrevistados apresentaram LFS inadequado, e a maioria apresentou conhecimento insuficiente em relação à doença e ao tratamento. Menor escolaridade foi fator preditivo para piores escores de LFS. Conhecimento insuficiente foi relacionado à idade e ao comprometimento cognitivo. Conclusão: embora não tenha sido encontrada associação entre as variáveis preditivas, a limitada capacidade de obter e usar informações relacionadas à saúde e o conhecimento insuficiente em relação à própria doença e tratamento podem contribuir para piores desfechos de DRC. São necessárias estratégias de intervenções adequadas ao limitado LFS e maior conhecimento e habilidade dos profissionais para lidar com o assunto.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the functional health literacy (FHL), i.e., understanding and knowledge about chronic renal disease of 60 patients in pre-dialytic treatment. Method: this is a cross-sectional study. FHL was measured by B-TOFHLA; and the knowledge, by questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests were carried out as well as linear regression models. Results: all respondents presented inadequate FHL, and most showed insufficient knowledge about the disease and treatment. Low schooling was a predictive factor for worst FHL scores. Insufficient knowledge was related to age and compromised cognition. Conclusion: although association between predictive variables has not been found, limited capability to obtain and use health-related information and insufficient knowledge about their own condition and treatment can contribute to worse outcomes for CKD. Appropriate intervention strategies are necessary to deal with limited FHL and also greater knowledge and ability of professionals to deal with the matter.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la alfabetización funcional en salud (AFS) y el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica de 60 pacientes en prediálisis. Método: estudio transversal. La AFS se midió mediante un instrumento llamado B-TOFHLA, y el conocimiento se midió con un cuestionario. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación de Pearson, el chi-cuadrado, y modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: todos los encuestados tuvieron AFS inapropiado y la mayoría tuvo conocimiento insuficiente sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Un menor nivel educativo fue factor predictor de peores puntuaciones de AFS. El conocimiento insuficiente se relaciona con la edad y el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: aunque no se ha encontrado ninguna asociación entre las variables predictoras, la limitada capacidad para obtener y utilizar información relacionada con la salud y la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento pueden contribuir a resultados peores de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Se requieren estrategias de intervenciones adecuadas a la limitada AFS, y al mayor conocimiento y capacidad de los profesionales para tratar el asunto.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the functional health literacy (FHL), i.e., understanding and knowledge about chronic renal disease of 60 patients in pre-dialytic treatment. Method: this is a cross-sectional study. FHL was measured by B-TOFHLA; and the knowledge, by questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests were carried out as well as linear regression models. Results: all respondents presented inadequate FHL, and most showed insufficient knowledge about the disease and treatment. Low schooling was a predictive factor for worst FHL scores. Insufficient knowledge was related to age and compromised cognition. Conclusion: although association between predictive variables has not been found, limited capability to obtain and use health-related information and insufficient knowledge about their own condition and treatment can contribute to worse outcomes for CKD. Appropriate intervention strategies are necessary to deal with limited FHL and also greater knowledge and ability of professionals to deal with the matter.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la alfabetización funcional en salud (AFS) y el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica de 60 pacientes en prediálisis. Método: estudio transversal. La AFS se midió mediante un instrumento llamado B-TOFHLA, y el conocimiento se midió con un cuestionario. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación de Pearson, el chi-cuadrado, y modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: todos los encuestados tuvieron AFS inapropiado y la mayoría tuvo conocimiento insuficiente sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Un menor nivel educativo fue factor predictor de peores puntuaciones de AFS. El conocimiento insuficiente se relaciona con la edad y el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: aunque no se ha encontrado ninguna asociación entre las variables predictoras, la limitada capacidad para obtener y utilizar información relacionada con la salud y la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento pueden contribuir a resultados peores de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Se requieren estrategias de intervenciones adecuadas a la limitada AFS, y al mayor conocimiento y capacidad de los profesionales para tratar el asunto.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o letramento funcional em saúde (LFS) e o conhecimento sobre doença renal crônica de 60 pacientes em tratamento pré-dialítico. Método: estudo transversal. O LFS foi mensurado pelo instrumento B-TOFHLA; e o conhecimento, por questionário. Foram realizados testes de correlação de Pearson e Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressões lineares. Resultados: todos entrevistados apresentaram LFS inadequado, e a maioria apresentou conhecimento insuficiente em relação à doença e ao tratamento. Menor escolaridade foi fator preditivo para piores escores de LFS. Conhecimento insuficiente foi relacionado à idade e ao comprometimento cognitivo. Conclusão: embora não tenha sido encontrada associação entre as variáveis preditivas, a limitada capacidade de obter e usar informações relacionadas à saúde e o conhecimento insuficiente em relação à própria doença e tratamento podem contribuir para piores desfechos de DRC. São necessárias estratégias de intervenções adequadas ao limitado LFS e maior conhecimento e habilidade dos profissionais para lidar com o assunto.

Brazil is today the world's largest broiler meat exporter; however, in order to keep this position, it must comply with welfare regulations while maintaining low production costs. Locomotion problems restrain bird movements, limiting their access to drinking and feeding equipment, and therefore their survival and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate locomotion deficiency in broiler chickens reared under stressful temperature conditions using three different sampling methods of birds from three different ages. The experiment consisted in determining the gait score of 28, 35, 42 and 49-day-old broilers using three different known gait scoring methods: M1, birds were randomly selected, enclosed in a circle, and then stimulated to walk out of the circle; M2, ten birds were randomly selected and gait scored; and M3, birds were randomly selected, enclosed in a circle, and then observed while walking away from the circle without stimulus to walking. Environmental temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity inside the poultry houses were recorded. No evidence of interaction between scoring method and age was found however, both method and age influenced gait score. Gait score was found to be lower at 28 days of age. The evaluation using the ten randomly selected birds within the house was the method that presented the less reliable results. Gait score results when birds were stimulated to walk were lower than when they were not simulated, independently of age. The gait scores obtained with the three tested methods and ages were higher than those considered acceptable. The highest frequency of normal gait score (0) represented 50% of the flock. These results may be related to heat stress during rearing. Average gait score incresead with average ambient temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. The evaluation of gait score to detect locomotion problems of broilers under rearing conditions seems subjective and difficult to be properly performed.

O presente trabalho teve como proposta avaliar a capacidade antioxidante do bagaço e do extrato bruto concentrado (EBC) do pedúnculo de caju, tendo em vista o seu aproveitamento. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos aquoso (EAq) e alcoólico (EAlc) e das frações de ácidos fenólicos livres (AFL) e esterificadas (solúvel AFS e insolúvel AFI) desses subprodutos do pedúnculo de caju clone CCP-76 foi avaliado em sistema beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico, pelo teste de varredura de radical livre [2,2 difenil-1-pricril-hidrazil (DPPH•)] e de Rancimat. Além do mais, o conteúdo de fenólicos totais e o perfil de ácidos fenólicos foram determinados usando-se o reagente de Folin-Ciocateau e por cromatografia gasosa, respectivamente. O EAq e a fração AFL dos subprodutos apresentaram o maior conteúdo de fenólicos. As frações de ácidos fenólicos exibiram expressiva atividade antioxidante, superior aos extratos estudados nos sistemas beta-caroteno e DPPH. Entretanto no teste Rancimat, os extratos apresentaram maior proteção à oxidação em relação às frações e ao BHT. Nas frações foram identificados os ácidos gálico, ferúlico, caféico, protocatecuico, quínico, cinâmico, gentíssico, p-cumárico e salicílico, os quais lhes conferem o potencial antioxidante. Estes resultados caracterizaram in vitro o potencial antioxidante do bagaço e do EBC do pedúnculo de caju clone CCP-76.

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity of cashew apple pulp and raw concentrated extract. The antioxidant potential of aqueous (EAq) and alcoholic (EAlc) extracts and of free phenolic acids (FPA) and esterified (soluble - SPA and insoluble - IPA) fractions of the by-products of the cashew apple clone CCP-76 were evaluated in a beta-carotene-linoleate system by the free radical [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•)] scavenging assay and the Rancimat test. In addition, the total phenolic content and phenolic acid profile were determined using Folin-Ciocateau reagent and gas chromatography, respectively. The EAq and the FPA fraction of the by-products showed the highest phenolic content. The phenolic acid fractions generally displayed stronger antioxidant activity than the extracts tested with the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH systems. However, in the Rancimat test, the extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than the fractions and BHT. Nine phenolic acids (gallic, ferulic, caffeic, protocatechuic, quinic, cinnamic, gentisic, p-coumaric and salicylic acids), which give the fractions their antioxidant potential, were identified and quantified (both free and esterified forms). These results characterized the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the pulp and raw concentrated extract of the cashew apple clone CCP-76.