Resumo Introdução A doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RU) são condições inflamatórias crônicas do trato gastrointestinal. Estudos indicam que os polimorfismos do gene do receptor de vitamina D (RVD) são promissores para a patogênese da DC. Objetivos Avaliar papel dos os polimorfismos do gene do RVD (ApaI, BsmI, FokI e TaqI) no desenvolvimento da DC. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise. Foram identificados 50 artigos em inglês e português publicados entre 2000 a 2020 em 3 bases de dados. Destes, foram selecionados 16 artigos que contemplavama relação entre a DC e o genedo RVD. Resultados Para o polimorfismo TaqI, a amostra foi composta por 3.689 pacientes e 4.645 controles (razão de probabilidade [RP]=0,948; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]=0,851-1,056; p=0,3467). Para o polimorfismo ApaI, 3.406 pacientes e 4.415 controles (RP=1,033; IC95%=0,854-1,250; p=0,7356). Para o polimorfismo FokI, 2.998 pacientes e 4.146 controles (RP=0,965; IC95%=0,734-1,267; p=0,7958). E, para o polimorfismo BsmI, 2.981 pacientes e 4.477 controles (RP =1,272; IC95%=0,748-2,161; p=0,3743). Conclusão Esses quatro polimorfismos do gene do RVD não apresentaram associação coma DC. Logo, sugere-se a realização de mais estudos com amostras maiores a fimde corroborar ou retificar a conclusão desta metanálise.

Abstract Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may help elucidate the pathogenesis of CD. Objectives To analyze the role of VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) in the development of CD. Methods The present study is a systematic review with meta-analysis. a total of 50 articles in English and Portuguese published from 2000 to 2020 were selected from 3 databases. The relationship between CD and the VDR gene was addressed in 16 articles. Results The TaqI polymorphism was analyzed in 3,689 patients and 4,645 control subjects (odds ratio [OR]=0.948; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.851-1.056; p=0.3467). The ApaI polymorphism was studied in 3,406 patients and 4,415 control subjects (OR=1,033; 95%CI=0.854-1.250; p=0.7356). For FokI polymorphism, there were 2,998 patients and 4,146 control subjects (OR=0.965; 95%CI=0.734-1.267; p=0.7958). Lastly, the BsmI polymorphism was analyzed in 2,981 patients and 4,477 control subjects (OR=1,272; 95%CI=0.748-2.161; p=0.3743). Conclusion These four VDR gene polymorphisms were not associated with CD. Therefore, further studies with larger samples are required to corroborate or rectify the conclusions from the present meta-analysis.

Broiler litter reutilization consists in using the same bedding material to cover the house floor for several broiler flocks. This requires the litter to be treated in order to reduce the amount of microorganisms, according to international recommendations. The aim of this study was to evaluate two methods of broiler litter fermentation based on composting concepts and their effect on litter and the air quality during fermentation in small-scale broiler houses. The experiment was carried out in the Environmental Laboratory I of the School of Agricultural Engineering of the State University of Campinas, utilizing six small-scale houses. Litter from the same grow-out (one, two or three) was distributed in two experimental houses, where it was either piled or spread. Before beginning the treatment, six litter samples were collected from each house and analyzed for total nitrogen content, humidity, pH and microbial counts. Litter humidity, gas emission (NH3 and CO2), environmental temperature, air relative humidity, and air velocity were determined during and after composting. Bacterial population, especially of Salmonella sp, was higher when the litter was piled compared with spread litter. However, fungi population showed a different pattern, decreasing after composting. Nevertheless, both treatments were not able to significantly reduce bacterial counts, specifically Salmonella sp, when the population before and after fermentation were compared

Materiais cerâmicos à base de óxidos de manganês, de níquel e de cobalto foram preparados por meio de mistura de óxidos seguida de homogeneização e sinterização a 1250 ºC. Os compostos foram caracterizados por meio das técnicas de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Análise termogravimétrica foi feita sob atmosferas oxidante e redutora. O comportamento termistor foi estudado por meio de medidas de resistividade elétrica pela técnica dc de duas pontas de prova entre temperatura ambiente e 220 °C. Os principais resultados mostram a preparação de termistores em ampla faixa de resposta elétrica por meio da variação da composição relativa dos óxidos de manganês, de níquel e de cobalto.

Ceramic thermistors based on manganese, nickel and cobalt oxides were prepared by mixing these oxides followed by pressing and sintering at 1250 °C. The oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The thermistor behavior was studied by two-probe dc electrical resistivity measurements in the room temperature-220 °C range. The main results show the possibility of preparing thermistors in a wide range of electrical response by suitable choice of the relative concentrations of the precursor oxides.

O papel da craniotomia descompressiva (CD) no tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) refratária ainda não está estabelecido na literatura. Atualmente é recomendada como opção, pois há deficiência de trabalhos classe I ou II que suportem seu emprego. Trabalhos recentes têm avaliado a eficácia da CD quando aplicada precocemente no tratamento da HIC pós traumática. No presente trabalho analisam-se 21 pacientes nos quais a CD foi realizada precocemente. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava traumatismo cranioencefálico grave (Escala de coma glasgow <9) e tomografia de crânio evidenciando tumefação cerebral (brain swelling) ou hematoma subdural agudo. A principal complicação inerente à técnica foi a hidrocefalia (28,5%). Boa reabilitação social ocorreu em 11 pacientes (52,5%). Parece que a CD, quando realizada precocemente, é eficaz no tratamento da HIC refratária, ressaltando-se ainda a necessidade de estudos classe I e II que suportem esta opinião.

There is no clear role for decompressive craniotomy (DC) for the intracranial hypertension (ICH) treatment in the literature. Actually, there is a lack of class I or II published data for DC, so it is recomended as a second tier option for the refractory ICH. Recent studies has analized the role of early DC for pos traumatic ICH. The present study analizes 21 patients who has received the early DC for the treatment of traumatic ICH. The majority of the patients had Glasgow Coma Scale < 9 and harboring a brain swelling or acute subdural hematoma at cranial computadorized tomography. Hydrocephalus was frequent after DC (28.5%). Good results were obtained in 11 patients (52.5%). We favour the early application of DC for pos traumatic hypertension.

INTRODUÇÃO: O preenchimento correto dos atestados de óbito (AO) é muito importante, porém geralmente negligenciado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os AO preenchidos pelos patologistas e pelos clínicos em relação à quantidade de erros de preenchimento e áreas não-preenchidas. MÉTODO: Foram comparados os atestados fornecidos pelo serviço de cardiologia do Hospital de Base (HB) e os das autópsias do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos (SVO), de causas cardíacas, no ano de 2000, num total de 282 AO. Foi considerado erro ou falha de preenchimento quando os dados não correspondiam à verdade (p. ex.: item só para mulheres preenchido em paciente masculino) ou quando havia falta de preenchimento de algum item. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença em relação às médias das idades entre o grupo HB (67,8 anos) e o SVO (61,9 anos; p < 0,001). No grupo HB não houve nenhum AO com todos os campos preenchidos, enquanto no grupo SVO 11,92% estavam completamente preenchidos. Entretanto 50% dos AO do grupo HB tinham apenas um erro ou falta de preenchimento e somente 7,6% tinham cinco erros ou mais. Já no grupo SVO, 21,85% dos AO possuíam cinco erros ou mais. Nos campos assistência médica recebida, exame complementar realizado e cirurgia, o grupo SVO obteve mais erros que o grupo HB (p < 0,001). O item tempo de evolução da doença não foi preenchido em nenhum dos AO do grupo HB e em apenas 31,7% dos casos do SVO (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os patologistas apresentaram mais falhas no preenchimento do AO que os clínicos.

INTRODUCTION: The correct filling of Death Certificate (DC) is very important, however is usually neglected. OBJECTIVES: To compare DC filled by the pathologists and by the physicians, in relation to the number of mistakes and also the number of fields not filled. METHODS: We compared all DC filled by physicians from the Hospital de Base (HB) and DC filled by pathologists from the Pathology Department (PD), after autopsy procedure, during the year of 2000 (n = 282). A filling error was defined as an item not filled correct (ex.: only for women and filled in a male patient) or not filled at all. RESULTS: The mean age were different comparing HB group (67,8 years) and PD group (61,9 years; p < 0.01). In HB group none of the DC was completely filled, while in PD 11.92% were filled correctly (with all fields filled). However, 50 % of the HB filled DC had only one mistake and 7.6% had five or more errors, while in PD group 21.85% had five or more errors. In the items medical assistance, complementary exams and surgery of the DC, PD group had more non-filled fields than HB (p < 0.001). In relation to the item interval time of disease's evolution, no DC from HB group filled it, and just 31.7% of the pathologist's DC had it filled. Other kind of mistakes were observed and described. CONCLUSION: Pathologists had more fields not filled than the physicians did.