Este artigo tem como escopo a investigação da relação entre modelos de governança corporativa e indicadores econômico-financeiros de entidades mantenedoras de Instituições de Educação Superior presentes no mercado de capitais brasileiro. Para caracterizar os modelos de governança corporativa destas entidades mantenedoras, utilizou-se 12 características definidoras presentes na literatura. Os indicadores econômico-financeiros utilizados foram: liquidez, atividade, endividamento, rentabilidade e mercado. Foi realizada pesquisa documental com dados coletados junto à Comdinheiro e outras fontes. O período investigado foi de sete anos, entre 2013 e 2019, com dados analisados por meio do teste chi-quadrado. As evidências indicam a formação de dois grupos, sendo: (1) Grupo A, formado pela YDUQS Participações S.A. e Cogna Educacional S.A. que possuem modelo de governança corporativa tipicamente anglo-saxônico; e (2) Grupo B, formado pela Ânima Holding S.A. e Ser Educacional S.A. que possuem modelo de governança corporativa tipicamente latino-americano. Ao analisar a relação entre estes dois grupos e os indicadores econômico-financeiros, constatou-se que o Grupo A possui (a) menor endividamento e (b) maiores índices de Dividend Yield, quando comparado com o Grupo B. Há evidências de que a governança anglo-saxônica possui potencial para gerar maiores benefícios econômico-financeiros para as entidades mantenedoras que adotam esse modelo.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance models and economic and financial indicators of maintainer entities of Higher Education Institutions present in the Brazilian capital market. To characterize the corporate governance models of these maintainer entities, 12 defining characteristics present in the literature were used. The economic and financial indicators used were: liquidity, activity, indebtedness, profitability and, market. Documental research was carried out with data collected from Comdinheiro and other sources. The period investigated was seven years, between 2013 and 2019, with data analyzed using the chi-square test. The evidence indicates the formation of two groups: (1) Group A, formed by YDUQS Participações S.A., and Cogna Educacional S.A. which have a typically Anglo-Saxon corporate governance model; and (2) Group B, formed by Ânima Holding S.A., and Ser Educacional S.A. which have a typically Latin American corporate governance model. When analyzing the relationship between these two groups and the economic and financial indicators, it was found that Group A has (a) lower indebtedness and (b) higher Dividend Yield rates, when compared to Group B. There is evidence that Anglo-Saxon governance has the potential to generate greater economic and financial benefits for the maintainer entities that adopt this model.

Abstract This paper comments on a judgment of the Supreme Court and deals with the content of the expropriation compensation, regarding pecuniary damage. The foregoing, in order to indicate that said content is not limited to compensating the loss of property, but that, by virtue of the constitutional rule, it also includes any other effective damaging patrimonial consequence caused to the owner, as a direct and immediate consequence of the expropriation. Thus, in a partial expropriation, in addition to the replacement cost of the expropriated property, the compensation may include the cost of the material damage caused to the existing buildings in the non-expropriated fraction of the property, as long as it is verified as an immediate and direct consequence of the expropriation, and the subsequent concretion of the works that motivate the ablatory act.

Resumen El presente trabajo comenta una sentencia de la Corte Suprema y discurre acerca del contenido de la indemnización expropiatoria, respecto del daño material; con la finalidad de constatar que este no queda restringido a la compensación económica por la pérdida del bien, sino que, en virtud de la regla constitucional, comprende también toda otra consecuencia patrimonial dañosa efectiva causada al propietario, a consecuencia directa e inmediata de la expropiación. Así, en el caso de una expropiación parcial, además del costo de reposición del bien expropiado, la indemnización puede abarcar el costo del daño material ocasionado a las edificaciones existentes en la fracción no expropiada de un inmueble, en tanto se verifique como una consecuencia inmediata y directa de la expropiación, y la ulterior concreción de las obras que motivan el acto ablatorio.

RESUMO: O processamento dos tubérculos de Manihot esculenta (mandioca) produzem diferentes subprodutos, incluindo a manipueira, líquido que escorre das raízes da mandioca depois de ter sido mecanicamente prensada. A intoxicação por cianeto após a ingestão de manipueira tem sido relatada em ruminantes e suínos no Nordeste do Brasil. Com o objetivo de estudar sua toxicidade, administrou-se manipueira por via oral a seis ovelhas em doses de 0,99, 0,75, 0,70, 0,63 e 0,5 mg de peso corporal de ácido cianídrico kg-1, correspondendo a 14,2, 10,6, 9,8, 8,89 e 7,1 mL de manipueira kg-1 de peso corporal. No segundo dia, as ovelhas receberam um volume de manipueira que correspondeu a 0,46, 0,34, 0,31, 0,28 e 0,23 mg de HCN kg-1. Uma ovelha usada como controle recebeu 9,9 mL de água kg-1 de peso corporal. Ovelhas que receberam doses de 0,75 a 0,99 mg kg-1 de HCN no primeiro dia exibiram sinais clínicos graves de intoxicação e as ovelhas que receberam 0,63 e 0,5 mg kg-1 exibiram sinais clínicos leves. Todas as ovelhas foram tratadas com sucesso com tiossulfato de sódio. No segundo dia, apenas as ovelhas que receberam 0,46 mg kg-1 e 0,34 mg kg-1 apresentaram sinais clínicos leves e se recuperaram espontaneamente. A concentração de HCN na manipueira foi de 71,69 ± 2,19 μg mL-1 imediatamente após a produção, 30,56 ± 2,45 μg mL-1 após 24 horas e 24,25 ± 1,28 μg mL-1 após 48 horas. O teste de papel picrosódico foi fortemente positivo 5 minutos após a produção; moderadamente positivo 24 horas após a produção e negativo 48 horas após a produção. Concluímos que a manipueira é altamente tóxica para ovinos se ingeridas imediatamente após a produção, mas rapidamente perdem toxicidade em 24-48 horas.

ABSTRACT: The processing of Manihot esculenta (cassava) tubers yield different by-products, including cassava wastewater, which is the liquid pressed out of the tuber after it has been mechanically crushed. Cyanide poisoning after ingestion of cassava wastewater has been reported in ruminants and pigs in Northeastern Brazil. With the aim of studying its toxicity, cassava wastewater was administered orally to six sheep at doses of 0.99, 0.75, 0.70, 0.63, and 0.5 mg of hydrocyanic acid kg-1 body weight, which corresponded to 14.2, 10.6, 9.8, 8.89, and 7.1 mL of wastewater kg-1. On the second day, the sheep received a volume of wastewater which corresponded to 0.46, 0.34, 0.31, 0.28, and 0.23 mg of HCN kg-1. A sheep used as control received 9.9 mL of water kg-1 BW. Sheep that received from 0.75 to 0.99 mg kg-1 of HCN on the first day exhibited severe clinical signs of poisoning, and the sheep that received 0.63 and 0.5 mg kg-1 exhibited mild clinical signs. All sheep were successfully treated with sodium thiosulfate. On the second day, only the sheep that received 0.46 mg kg-1 and 0.34 mg kg-1 exhibited mild clinical signs and recovered spontaneously. The concentration of HCN in the wastewater was 71.69±2.19 μg mL-1 immediately after production, 30.56±2.45 μg mL-1 after 24 hours, and 24.25±1.28 μg mL-1 after 48 hours. The picric acid paper test was strongly positive 5 minutes after production; moderately positive 24 hours after production, and negative 48 hours after production. We conclude that cassava wastewater is highly toxic to sheep if ingested immediately after production, but rapidly loses toxicity in 24-48 hours.

Resumen El aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass), es un fruto perecedero que composicionalmente presenta bondades nutricionales, lo que ha llevado a su cadena productiva a buscar nuevas alternativas de agroindustrialización para mejorar su competitividad en el mercado, siendo el guacamole en polvo una potencial opción. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia de la composición y el proceso de homogenización sobre la estabilidad de un sistema coloidal a base de aguacate y otros ingredientes, para un potencial uso en el proceso de secado por aspersión. Se utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta y un diseño experimental central compuesto para la optimización experimental del proceso, considerando tres variables independientes: sólidos secos aportados por el aguacate (SSAguacate), tiempo de homogenización y concentración de ter-butilhidroquinona (TBHQ), y seis variables dependientes: potencial zeta (-ζ), color (L*: luminosidad, a*: cromaticidad verde-rojo, b*: cromaticidad amarillo - azul), viscosidad (µ), índice de estabilidad por absorción espectral (R), índice de peróxido (IP) y tamaño de partícula (D10, D50 y D90). La mejor formulación de la emulsión y proceso se alcanzó con 47.1% SSAguacate, 5 min de homogenización y 100 mg/kg TBHQ, obteniendo una emulsión con -ζ = -27.67±0.29, L*= 51.3±1.0, a* = -5.8±0.8 y b* = 30.0±1.9, µ = 1034.56±95.91 cP, R = 0.78±0.03, IP = 0.73±0.30 meqH2O2/kg emulsión, D10 = 8.1±0.7 µm, D50 = 56.2±11.5 µm y D90 = 346.6±94.6 µm. La emulsión a base de aguacate y otros ingredientes presenta una estabilidad adecuada en términos fisicoquímicos, físicos que garantiza un uso potencial para el proceso de secado por aspersión, ya que cumple con los criterios de diseño en cuanto a viscosidad y sólidos totales, de la unidad piloto PSALAB, Vibrasec S.A.

Abstract Avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass), is a perishable fruit, which compositionally presents nutritional benefits, which has led to its productive chain to look for new alternatives of agroindustrialization to improve its competitiveness in the market, being guacamole a potential option. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of composition and homogenization process on the colloidal system stability based on avocado and other ingredients for a potential use in the aspersion drying process. We used the surface response methodology and a central composite experimental design for experimental optimization of the process, considering three independent variables as follows: avocado dry solids (DSavocado), homogenization time and tert-butylhydroquinone concentration (TBHQ), and six dependent variables: zeta potential (-ζ), color (L *: brightness, a *: green-red chromaticity, b *: yellow-blue chromaticity), viscosity (μ), spectral absorption stability index, peroxide index (PI) and particle size (D10, D50 and D90). The best emulsion and process formulation was achieved with 47.1% of DSavocado, 5 min of homogenization and 100 mg.kg-1 of TBHQ, obtaining an emulsion with -ζ = -27.67 ± 0.29, L * = 51.3 ± 1.0, a * = -5.8 ± 0.8 and b * = 30.0 ± 1.9, μ = 1034.56 ± 95.91 cP , R = 0.78 ± 0.03, IP = 0.73 ± 0.30 meq H2O2.Kg-1 emulsion, D10 = 8.1 ± 0.7 μm, D50 = 56.2 ± 11.5 μm and D90 = 346.6 ± 94.6 μm. The emulsion based on avocado and other ingredients, presents a physico-chemical, physical stability adequate stability, which guarantees a potential use for aspersion-drying process, since it meets with the criteria design for viscosity and total solids, of the pilot unit PSALAB, Vibrasec S.A.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the HCV cascade of care and to identify the factors associated with loss or absence to follow-up of patients identified as infected with hepatitis C through blood donation. METHODS Blood donors from 1994 to 2012, identified with positive anti- HCV by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot tests were invited to participate in the study, through letters or phone calls. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed and their blood samples were collected for further testing. The following variables were investigated: demographic data, data on comorbidities and history concerning monitoring of hepatitis C. Multiple regression analysis by Poisson regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with non-referral for consultation or loss of follow-up. RESULTS Of the 2,952 HCV-infected blood donors, 22.8% agreed to participate: 394 (58.2%) male, median age 48 years old and 364 (53.8%) Caucasian. Of the 676 participants, 39.7% did not receive proper follow-up or treatment after diagnosis: 45 patients referred not to be aware they were infected, 61 did not seek medical attention and 163 started a follow-up program, but were non-adherent. The main reasons for inadequate follow-up were not understanding the need for medical care (71%) and health care access difficulties (14%). The variables showing a significant association with inadequate follow-up after multiple regression analysis were male gender (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.15–1.71), age under or equal to 50 years (PR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.12–1.65) and non-Caucasians (PR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.27–1.84). CONCLUSIONS About 40.0% of patients did not receive appropriate follow-up. These data reinforce the need to establish strong links between primary care and reference centers and the need to improve access to specialists and treatments.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the HCV cascade of care and to identify the factors associated with loss or absence to follow-up of patients identified as infected with hepatitis C through blood donation. METHODS Blood donors from 1994 to 2012, identified with positive anti- HCV by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot tests were invited to participate in the study, through letters or phone calls. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed and their blood samples were collected for further testing. The following variables were investigated: demographic data, data on comorbidities and history concerning monitoring of hepatitis C. Multiple regression analysis by Poisson regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with non-referral for consultation or loss of follow-up. RESULTS Of the 2,952 HCV-infected blood donors, 22.8% agreed to participate: 394 (58.2%) male, median age 48 years old and 364 (53.8%) Caucasian. Of the 676 participants, 39.7% did not receive proper follow-up or treatment after diagnosis: 45 patients referred not to be aware they were infected, 61 did not seek medical attention and 163 started a follow-up program, but were non-adherent. The main reasons for inadequate follow-up were not understanding the need for medical care (71%) and health care access difficulties (14%). The variables showing a significant association with inadequate follow-up after multiple regression analysis were male gender (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.15–1.71), age under or equal to 50 years (PR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.12–1.65) and non-Caucasians (PR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.27–1.84). CONCLUSIONS About 40.0% of patients did not receive appropriate follow-up. These data reinforce the need to establish strong links between primary care and reference centers and the need to improve access to specialists and treatments.

Esse trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um modelo hidráulico reduzido (MHR) do sistema extravasor operacional da barragem de rejeitos Forquilha IV (escala 1:10), de propriedade da Vale S.A. Os estudos foram conduzidos pelo Centro de Pesquisas Hidráulicas e Recursos Hídricos (CPH) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e pela empresa Vogbr Recursos Hídricos & Geotecnia Ltda. É apresentada, nesse trabalho, uma breve descrição da construção do modelo, bem como a bateria de ensaios prevista para análise hidráulica da estrutura. O MHR representa a galeria de encosta, a caixa de dissipação e a saída para o túnel de restituição. O projeto do MHR representa uma etapa vital na análise preliminar do comportamento hidráulico do protótipo frente à passagem da cheia de projeto (vazão decamilenar), assim como a análise de seu funcionamento para vazões mais frequentes.

This paper presents the development of a reduced hydraulic model (RHM) for the outflow operating system at the Forquilha IV (scale 1:10) tailings dam, owned by Vale S.A. The studies were performed by Centro de Pesquisas Hidráulicas e Recursos Hídricos (CPH) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the company Vogbr Recursos Hídricos & Geotecnia Ltda. We present here a brief description of the model construction and the test battery set for the structure’s hydraulic analysis. RHM involves the hillside culvert, the dissipation box and the exit to the restitution tunnel. The RHM project represents an essential step in the first analysis of the hydraulic behavior of the prototype, considering the designed flood station (ten thousand-year flood flow), as well as the analysis of its operation with more frequent flows.

Com base na hipótese de que polímeros associados a silício (Si) estariam obstruindo traqueídeos, e assim contribuindo para um colapso nutricional de maciços florestais de Pinus caribaea, tropicais em áreas de cerrado, nos chapadões das regiões do Triângulo Mineiro e do Alto Paranaíba (MG), foi desenvolvido este trabalho. Estudos precedentes mostraram uma relação estreita deste quadro fisiológico com deficiências nutricionais. Sabe-se, no entanto, que as sementes usadas na implantação desses maciços apresentavam grande variabilidade genética bem expressa na diversidade de comportamento das plantas, uma vez que parte delas permanece sadia enquanto outras entram em processo de senescência de intensidade variável, culminando com a morte da planta. Neste estudo, foram amostrados segmentos de raízes e do ponteiro de plantas aparentemente normais (acículas verdes), em diferentes estágios de senescência (acículas amareladas) e mortas. Essas amostras, após secagem até o ponto crítico, foram observadas em um microscópio eletrônico de varredura acoplado de uma microssonda de raios-X. Constatou-se a presença de Si e Al nos tecidos do xilema e do floema, tanto na parte aérea quanto nas raízes, e os maiores teores foram encontrados no xilema das raízes. Todavia, não foi constatada obstrução ou qualquer presença de corpos sílico-aluminosos nos tecidos condutores das partes analisadas. Verificou-se, no entanto, que a presença de Si em associação ao Al ocorreu segundo uma relação Al/Si da ordem de 2,6. Os dados revelaram ainda que a amplitude de variação do Si é de 1,5 vez maior que a do Al. Concluiu-se que a amplitude de variação do Si é maior que a do Al, estabelecendo uma relação de variação (Si-Al).

This work was carried out based on the hypothesis that polymers associated with silicone (Si) would be obstructing tracheid, therefore contributing to a nutritional collapse of Pinus caribaea forest bulks, in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (MG) plains. Previous studies showed a narrow relationship between these physiologic patterns with nutritional deficiencies. However, it is known that seeds used in the establishment of these bulks presented great genetic variability well expressed in diversity of plant behavior, inasmuch as part of them remains healthy and the others start a changeable intensity senescence, which ends up in the death of the plant. In this study, it was sampled segments of root and apical shoots of apparently normal (green needles) plants at different senescence stages (yellow needles) and dead plants. Those samples, after being dried until critical point, were observed by scanning electron microscope coupled to an X-ray microprobe. It was noted the presence of Si and Al in xylem and phloem tissues in the aerial section as well as in the roots, and the greatest contents were found in xylem of the plants. However, it was not observed any obstruction or any presence of Si-Al bodies in the conducting tissues of the analyzed parts. But, it was observed that the presence of Si associated to Al occurred according to a 2.6 order Al/Si ratio. Data also revealed that Si variation amplitude is 1.5 times greater than the Al variation amplitude. It concluded that Si variation amplitude is greater than the one of Al, which establishes a variation relationship (Si-Al).

This study evaluated the behavior of the packaging process of radicchio (Chichorium intybus L. var. foliosum), with the system of the IV range. This vegetable was donated by the company Vital Berry S.A. and the packages by HYC. The study was completed in the Laboratories of the Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó and the Universidad de Chile’s Center for Post-harvest Studies, Santiago. The objectives of the study were to determine the shelf life of radicchio, which were to be packed in two types of bags (HYC and SJI) and in different concentrations of gases (T0: 0,03%CO2-21%O2, T1: 25%CO2-10%O2 y T2: 16%CO2-12%O2). A sensory evaluation at the end of the refrigerated storage with 2 °C and 95% H.R. to measure different organic attributes and the acceptability of the packaged radicchio by 13 trained panelists. The following parameters were analyzed: Weight of the bags, concentration of gases, color of the vegetable, and the appearance of pathogens. In the sensory evaluation the following attributes were measured: Flavor, color, smell, texture, appearance, and acceptability. The results indicate that the treatment T2B1 with 16% CO2 and 12% O2, resulted to be the largest concentration to conserve the radicchio packed with the IV range technique. In the sensory evaluation of appearance and acceptability the panelist granted the best points to the T2B1 treatment, indicating that the sample was moderately pleasing. In the sensory evaluation of the organic attributes the best evaluated treatment was T1B1 with 25% CO2 and 10% of O2, in which the panelists identified and favorably recognized the bitter flavor, purple color, bland smell, and smooth texture.

El presente trabajo evaluó el comportamiento del envasado de radicchio (Chichorium intybus L. var. foliosum), con el sistema de IV Gama. Esta hortaliza fue donada por la Empresa Vital Berry S.A. y los envases por la Empresa HYC. El ensayo se realizó en el Laboratorio de la Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó, y en el Centro de Estudios Postcosecha de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Los objetivos del ensayo fueron determinar la vida útil del radicchio al ser envasado en dos tipos de bolsas (HYC y SJI) y en distintas concentraciones de gases (T0: 0,03%CO2-21%O2, T1: 25%CO2-10%O2 y T2: 16%CO2-12%O2). Se efectuó una evaluación sensorial al final del almacenamiento refrigerado con 2 ºC y 95% H.R. para medir diferentes atributos organolépticos y la aceptabilidad del radicchio envasado por parte de 13 panelistas entrenados. Se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: Peso de la bolsa, concentración de gases, color de la hortaliza, aparición de patógenos. En la evaluación sensorial, se midieron los siguientes atributos: Sabor, color, olor, textura, apariencia y aceptabilidad. Los resultados indican que el tratamiento T2B1 con 16% CO2 y 12% O2, resultó ser la mejor concentración para conservar el radicchio envasado con la técnica de IV gama. En la evaluación sensorial de apariencia y aceptabilidad, los panelistas otorgaron los mayores puntajes al tratamiento T2B1, indicando que la muestra les gustó moderadamente. En la evaluación sensorial de los atributos organolépticos, el tratamiento mejor evaluado fue T1B1 con 25% CO2 y 10% de O2, en donde los panelistas identificaron y reconocieron los atributos sabor amargo, color púrpura, olor insípido y textura suave.

Este artículo tiene como finalidad difundir los estudios de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de la medida, conocidos como Estudios R&R, a partir del diseño experimental. Con su aplicación se busca identificar y disminuir la variabilidad presente en las mediciones de los ensayos que se realizan en los laboratorios de control de calidad. La efectividad de este tipo de estudios radica principalmente en el control que se haga de las variables que intervienen en los procesos de medición, estas variables son el medio ambiente en que son desarrolladas, el estado de los equipos e implementos utilizados, la capacitación que tiene el operario, el uso de material homogéneo y la aplicación de un método normalizado. El artículo describe una secuencia ordenada de los pasos que se deben seguir antes y durante la realización de un Estudio R&R, además muestra la aplicación de esta metodología en la empresa Cementos El Cairo, donde fueron realizadas dos corridas del método a la prueba finura de cemento, en la primera se identifica la variabilidad presente en los ensayos, de este primer acercamiento surgen algunos ajustes que son implementados rápidamente por la empresa y con el afán de mejorar estos procesos es planeada la segunda corrida, terminado este segundo ciclo se obtiene, aunque en poca proporción, una variabilidad menor a la del primer ciclo.

This article has the purpose to present the studies of repeatability and reproducibility of the measure known as the R & R, Studies based on the experimental design with the help of Statistics Package called Statgraphics. In this application, the intention is to identify and diminish the variability that is present in the measurement of tests that are made in the laboratories of the quality control. The effectiveness of this type of studies is based in the control to be done in the variables that intervene in the process of measurement. These variables are; the environment in which are developed, the condition of the equipment, and the tools used in the experiment, the training of the worker, and also the use of the homogenous material and the application of the standardized method. The article describes an organized sequence of steps that must be followed before and during the study R & R. The research shows the application of this methodology in the Company Cairo Cement, where two tests were done to test the texture of the cement. In the first one the variability is being identified en the previous tests. From the first test, the company implements some adjustments and the purpose of improve the processes the second trial is planned. At the end of the second cycle, a variation of the first cycle in a small proportion was obtained.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a associação de hialuronato de sódio e sulfato de condroitina no tratamento da doença articular degenerativa (DAD) em cães. Dez cães sem raça definida foram submetidos à secção artroscópica do ligamento cruzado cranial visando o desenvolvimento da DAD. Após 21 dias, foi substituído cirurgicamente o ligamento cruzado cranial em todos os animais e iniciado o tratamento com associação de hialuronato de sódio e sulfato de condroitina em cinco cães, sendo os remanescentes utilizados como grupo-controle. Avaliações artroscópica e radiológica do membro posterior esquerdo foram realizadas antes da secção do ligamento, no dia da sua substituição e 90 dias após a cirurgia. Histologicamente, o efeito da associação de hialuronato de sódio e sulfato de condroitina foi mais evidente na membrana sinovial, observando-se regeneração da camada íntima e diminuição da infiltração linfoplasmocitária na sub-íntima. Artroscópica e macroscopicamente não houve prevenção das lesões cartilaginosas decorrentes da DAD.

The aim of this study was the assessment of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate association in the therapy of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in dogs. Ten mongrel dogs underwent arthroscopic section of cruciate cranial ligament aiming the development of DJD. Twenty one days after the procedure, surgical substitution of cruciate cranial ligament was carried out in all animals. Then five animals were treated with the combination of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate. The other five dogs were used as controls. Arthroscopical and radiological evaluations of the left fore limb were carried out before arthroscopic section at the some day and 90 days after cruciate cranial ligament substitution. Histologically the effect of the association of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate was more evident in the synovial membrane that had regeneration of the intimal layer and reduced lympho-plasmocitic infiltrate in the sub-intimal layer. However, the treatment did not prevent DJD cartilage lesions evaluated by arthroscopy and radiology.

Nos plantios comerciais existe variabilidade suficiente que possibilita a identificação de plantas-matrizes de acerola (Malpighia emarginata) geneticamente superiores. Com este objetivo, foi realizada uma seleção no pomar da empresa Frutas do Ceará S.A. (FRUCESA), localizada no município de Jaguaruana, CE. O esquema utilizado permitiu identificar 100 plantas com características desejáveis, aplicando-se uma intensidade de seleção de 0,24%. O percentual de germinação das sementes das plantas selecionadas variou de 0% a 84,5%, com média de 13,9% e desvio-padrão de 11,6%, indicando a presença de variação genética entre plantas quanto a esse caráter.

Genetic variability can easily be found in commercial orchards allowing the selection of superior matrix plants. The main purpose of this work was to conduct a selection of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) plants in the Frutas do Ceará S/A (FRUCESA) orchard, in Jaguaruana county, CE, Brazil. The mass selection allowed the choice of 100 desirable plants. Seed germination varied from 0.0% to 84.5%, mean of 13.9% and standard deviation of 11.6%, suggesting the occurrence of genetic variation among plants for this character.