Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country.

Resumo As doenças hepáticas colestáticas podem associar-se a um aumento do colesterol à custa de uma lipoproteína anómala, a lipoproteína X (LpX). Os agentes hipolipemiantes convencionais não apresentam benefício nesta entidade, pelo que o tratamento da hipercolesterolemia associada de LpX baseia-se na correção da causa subjacente da colestase. A plasmaferese pode ser necessária para evitar complicações, como a síndrome de hiperviscosidade. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 44 anos com antecedentes de pseudotumor inflamatório da órbita sob prednisolona, admitido por lesão hepatocelular e colestática e hipercolesterolemia grave. A investigação laboratorial permitiu estabelecer a hepatite E aguda como responsável da lesão hepática e mostrou que a hipercolesterolemia grave foi mediada pela LpX. A redução da carga imunossupressora facilitou a eliminação do vírus da hepatite E. A consequente resolução da colestase coadjuvada pela remoção de colesterol por plasmaferese, permitiu a normalização mantida do perfil lipídico. Os autores relatam o primeiro caso de hipercolesterolemia associada a LpX em contexto de colestase induzida pelo vírus da hepatite E, e revisitam a importância do fígado no metabolismo dos lípidos.

Abstract Cholestatic liver diseases may be associated with increased plasmatic cholesterol due to an abnormal lipoprotein - lipoprotein X (LpX). Correcting the underlying cause of cholestasis is the critical treatment of LpX-associated hypercholesterolemia without any proven benefit from conventional lipidlowering agents. In some situations, plasma exchange may apply to prevent associated complications, such as hyperviscosity syndrome. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old man with orbital inflammatory pseudotumor on prednisolone, admitted due to hepatocellular and cholestatic lesion and severe hypercholesterolemia. Laboratory investigation established that hepatitis E virus was responsible for liver injury and showed that LpX mediated the severe hypercholesterolemia. Reduction of the immunosuppressive load contributed to virus clearance. The consequent resolution of cholestasis and cholesterol removal by plasmapheresis allowed lipid profile normalization. The authors report the first case of LpX-associated hypercholesterolemia in a patient with hepatitis E-induced cholestasis and revisit the role of the liver in lipid metabolism.

Resumo Introdução: A colonoscopia é eficaz a detetar e remover lesões do colon e reto. Contudo, após uma colonoscopia normal, podem ser detetadas neoplasias durante o intervalo de vigilância recomendado entre colonoscopias. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar características e fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo e unicêntrico realizado entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 que incluiu todos os doentes diagnosticados de novo com cancro colorretal. Variáveis clínicas, demográficas e endoscópicas foram obtidas após consulta do processo clínico. Doentes com diagnóstico de cancro colorretal entre duas colonoscopias consecutivas, realizadas no intervalo de vigilância recomendado, foram considerados como tendo cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Foi, então, realizada a comparação entre o grupo de doentes com cancro color-retal não pós colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo e o grupo de doentes com cancro colorretal pós colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. Resultados: Durante o período de estudo, 491 doentes foram diagnosticados de novo com cancro colorretal. Destes, 61 (12.4%) foram considerados como tendo cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo. O cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo foi três vezes mais prevalente no colon proximal (p = 0.014) e associou-se a presença de dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovasculares (aOR = 0.45; p = 0.016), colecistectomia no passado (aOR = 10.09; p = 0.0.19) e história familiar de cancro colorretal num familiar de primeiro grau (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.006). Aquando da análise dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares isolados, observou-se um fator protetor aquando da ausência de to-dos os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (aOR = 20; p = 0.034). A curva ROC associada ao modelo multivariado revelou um poder preditivo de 77.8% (p < 0.001). Conclusão: O cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia - subtipo de intervalo é mais comum no colon proximal e em doentes com história familiar (em familiares de primeiro grau) de cancro colorretal, dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovasculares e história de colecistectomia. Todos estes fatores de risco são facilmente detetáveis na prática clínica e podem ser de extrema importância no controlo, a curto e longo prazo, do cancro colorretal pós-colonoscopia.

Abstract Background and Aims: Colonoscopy is effective to detect and remove colorectal lesions. However, after a negative colonoscopy, cancers could be detected during the interval follow-up. This study was designed to identify characteristics and risk factors for postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type. Methods: Medical records of individuals who were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2018 and December 2019 were reviewed. Clinical, demographic, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Those with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer between two consecutive colonoscopies performed within the appropriated surveillance range were considered to have postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type. A comparison between the group of patients with non-postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type and the group of patients with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type was then performed. Results: During the study period, 491 patients were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Among them, 61 (12.4%) had postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval subtype. Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type was three times more prevalent on the proximal colon (p = 0.014) and was associated with the presence of two or more cardiovascular risk factors (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.016), cholecystectomy in the past (aOR = 10.09; p = 0.019), and family history of colorectal cancer on a first-degree relative (aOR = 4.25; p = 0.006). Moreover, isolated cardiovascular risk factors revealed a protective effect for the absence of all cardiovascular risk factors (aOR = 20; p = 0.034). The ROC curve associated with the multivariate model revealed a predictive power of 77.8% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type is more common in the proximal colon and in patients with a family history (first-degree relative) of colorectal cancer, two or more cardiovascular risk factors, and a history of cholecystectomy. All of these are easily detectable in clinical practice and may be of extreme importance in the control of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer in the near future.

Resumo Introdução: O cancro do cólon e reto é a neoplasia mais frequente considerando os dois géneros. . A deteção de lesões pré-malignas por colonoscopia está associada a uma redução da incidência e da mortalidade. Estudos sobre a utilização da luz de banda estreita (NBI) na deteção de lesões serreadas tiveram resultados promissores, mas heterogéneos. Métodos: Realizámos um ensaio clínico randomizado para comparar o número médio de lesões serreadas e lesões hiperplásicas ≥10 mm com NBI ou luz branca de alta-definição (HD-WL). Como resultados secundários comparámos a prevalência e as taxas de deteção de lesões serreadas sésseis, adenomas e todas as lesões. Resultados: Foram randomizados 782 doentes (392 no grupo HD-WL e 390 no grupo NBI). O número médio de lesões serreadas e hiperplásicas ≥10 mm não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre dois grupos (0.118 vs. 0.156, p = 0.44). A taxa de deteção de adenomas (55.2% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.58) e a taxa de deteção de lesões serreadas sésseis (6.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.502) também não foram diferentes. O tempo de retirada foi maior no grupo NBI (10.88 vs. 9.47 min, p = 0.004) e o tempo total de procedimento teve um ligeiro aumento não atingindo significância estatística (20.97 vs. 19.30 min, p = 0.052). Conclusão: A utilização da luz NBI por rotina não aumenta a deteção de lesões serreadas nem de qualquer lesão pré-maligna e aumenta o tempo de retirada na colo-noscopia.

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer. The detection of premalignant lesions by colonoscopy is associated with reduced CRC incidence and mortality. Narrow band imaging has shown promising but conflicting results for the detection of serrated lesions. Methods: We performed a randomized clinical trial to compare the mean detection of serrated lesions and hyperplastic polyps ≥10 mm with NBI or high-definition white light (HD-WL) withdrawal. We also compared all sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), adenoma, and polyp prevalence and rates. Results: Overall, 782 patients were randomized (WL group 392 patients; NBI group 390 patients). The average number of serrated lesions and hyperplastic polyps ≥10 mm detected per colonoscopy (primary endpoint) was similar between the HD-WL and NBI group (0.118 vs. 0.156, p = 0.44). Likewise, the adenoma detection rate (55.2% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.58) and SSL detection rate (6.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.502) were not different between the two study groups. Withdrawal time was higher in the NBI group (10.88 vs. 9.47 min, p = 0.004), with a statistically nonsignificant higher total procedure time (20.97 vs. 19.30 min, p = 0.052). Conclusions: The routine utilization of narrow band imaging does not improve the detection of serrated class lesions or any pre-malignant lesion and increases the with-drawal time.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report outcomes from the largest multicenter series of penile cancer patients undergoing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL). Materials and Methods: Retrospective multicenter analysis. Authors of 21 centers from the Penile Cancer Collaborative Coalition-Latin America (PeC-LA) were included. All centers performed the procedure following the same previously described standardized technique. Inclusion criteria included penile cancer patients with no palpable lymph nodes and intermediate/high-risk disease and those with non-fixed palpable lymph nodes less than 4 cm in diameter. Categorical variables are shown as percentages and frequencies whereas continuous variables as mean and range. Results: From 2006 to 2020, 210 VEIL procedures were performed in 105 patients. Mean age was 58 (45-68) years old. Mean operative time was 90 minutes (60-120). Mean lymph node yield was 10 nodes (6-16). Complication rate was 15.7%, including severe complications in 1.9% of procedures. Lymphatic and skin complications were noted in 8.6 and 4.8% of patients, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed lymph node involvement in 26.7% of patients with non-palpable nodes. Inguinal recurrence was observed in 2.8% of patients. 10y- overall survival was 74.2% and 10-y cancer specific survival was 84.8%. CSS for pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3 were 100%, 82.4%, 72.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: VEIL seems to offer appropriate long term oncological control with minimal morbidity. In the absence of non-invasive stratification measures such as dynamic sentinel node biopsy, VEIL emerged as the alternative for the management of non-bulky lymph nodes in penile cancer.

ABSTRACT Background: Children presenting enuresis are more likely to be asthmatics. The association between enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing has already been demonstrated and several studies have shown at least partial improvement of two thirds or more of the cases of enuresis adenoidectomy. Studies have already described associations between enuresis and allergies but do not assess the repercussions of allergy treatment in enuretics. Objective: This study aims to evaluated whether asthma treatment alters the course of enuresis and whether there is any predictive factor associated with this improvement. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (5 - 12 years old) with uncontrolled enuresis and asthma, received treatment for asthma. Children were also assessed for the presence of rhinitis and other allergies. The control of asthma was confirmed by a validated questionnaire and primary enuresis by clinical history and wet night diaries. Patients received only asthma treatment. Results: At least partial improvement of enuresis was observed in 55% of the patients with an increase in 64.4% in the number of dry nights at the end of the study (p=0.01). The “presence of other allergies” and “obstruction seen in nasal endoscopy” positively influenced the improvement of urinary symptoms (OR = 3.350; CI 0.844–13.306) and (OR=1.272; CI 0.480-3.370), respectively. Discussion: Until now, only patients presenting upper airway obstruction were known to benefit from the improvement of urinary symptoms when undergoing treatment for their respiratory problems. In our study, we found at least partial improvement in enuresis in 55% of our patients, with only clinical asthma treatment. Conclusion: Controlling asthma in children with primary enuresis resulted in a significant increase in dry nights.

Abstract Introduction: Food and cooking skills (FCSks) are defined as a complex, interrelated, and person-centred set of skills, necessary to provide and prepare safe, nutritious, and culturally acceptable meals for all members of the household. Recent studies have associated higher FCSk with healthier eating habits and better health. This study aimed to validate a Portuguese version of a tool to assess and describe FCSk in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study used an online anonymous questionnaire that was disseminated to students from three Portuguese Higher Education Institutes. The questionnaire validation included Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Mann-Whitney test was used for evaluating sample differences and Pearson correlation for association among variables. Results: Internal consistency reliability was 0.89 for cooking skills (CSks) and 0.87 for food skills (FSks). A moderate positive correlation was found between CSks and FSks confidence (r = 0.658, p < 0.01). CFA presented a good adjustment model for most of the fit indices, indicating the adequacy of the questionnaire. The CSks score was 74.1 ± 21.2 (moderate) and the food Skills was 94.2 ± 20.8 (high). Cook pulses, steaming food, and planning meals ahead scored the lowest value, while boiling or simmering food, chopping, peeling vegetables, and reading the best-before date scored the highest value. No difference was found among sex (pCSk = 0.576; pFSk = 0.158), age (pCSk = 0.566; pFSk = 0.130), body mass index classes (pCSk = 0.903; pFSk = 0.320), or course (pCSk = 0.169; pFSk = 0.126). The greatest interest in gastronomy and frequency of meal preparation is associated with higher FCSk (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This research validated a Portuguese version of a tool to assess FCSk among young adults. Internal consistency reliability was adequate. Confirmatory factor analysis returned good psychometric properties for the questionnaire. Authors identified lower FCSk competencies in cooking pulses and vegetables, which are healthy and sustainable foods. This may compromise the adoption of healthy eating behaviours, so promoting FCSk in young adults may pose a strategy for nutrition and public health in reducing diet-related diseases. This tool may be used to identify opportunities for intervention in public health nutrition.

Resumo Introdução: O conceito de competências culinárias e alimentares (FCSk) está associado à existência de um conjunto complexo de competências, inter-relacionadas e centradas na pessoa quando capaz de fornecer e preparar para todos os membros do agregado familiar refeições seguras, nutritivas e culturalmente aceitáveis. Estudos recentes associaram as FCSk mais elevadas a hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis e melhor saúde. Este estudo visou validar uma versão portuguesa de uma ferramenta para avaliar e descrever as FCSk em adultos jovens. Métodos: Foi feito um estudo transversal que utilizou um questionário anónimo online, que foi divulgado a estudantes de três institutos de Ensino Superior portugueses. A validação do questionário incluiu Cronbach alfa e o Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para avaliar as diferenças da amostra e a correlação de Pearson para associação entre variáveis. Resultados: A fiabilidade da consistência interna foi de 0,89 para CSk e 0,87 para FSk. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva moderada entre a cozedura e a confiança nos conhecimentos alimentares (r = 0.658, p < 0.01). CFA apresentou um bom modelo de ajuste para a maioria dos índices de ajuste, indicando a adequação do questionário. A pontuação de competências culinárias foi de 74.1 ± 21.2 (moderada) e as competências alimentares de 94.2 ± 20.8 (elevada). Cozinhar legumes, cozer alimentos a vapor e planear refeições com antecedência obteve o valor mais baixo, enquanto ferver ou fervilhar alimentos, picar e descascar vegetais, e ler a melhor data antes da data obteve o valor mais alto. Não foi encontrada diferença entre sexo (pCSk = 0.576; pFSk = 0.158), idade (pCSk = 0.566; pFSk = 0.130), classes do Índice de Massa Corporal (pCSk = 0.903; pFSk = 0.320) ou curso (pCSk = 0.169; pFSk = 0.126). O maior interesse em gastronomia e frequência de preparação de refeições está associado a uma FCSk mais elevada (p < 0.05). Conclusão: Esta investigação validou uma versão portuguesa de uma ferramenta para avaliar a FCSk entre os jovens adultos. A fiabilidade da consistência interna era adequada. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis devolveu boas propriedades psicométricas para o questionário. Os autores identificaram competências inferiores das FCSk em legumes e legumes de cozinha, que são alimentos saudáveis e sustentáveis. Isto pode comprometer a adoção de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis, pelo que a promoção das FCSk em adultos jovens pode constituir uma estratégia para a nutrição e saúde pública na redução de doenças relacionadas com a dieta. Esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada para identificar oportunidades de intervenção na nutrição da saúde pública.

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of primary colorectal lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract is very low, the rectum being infrequently affected. The development of this entity in inflammatory bowel disease patients usually occurs in a context of immunosuppression-based therapy, with only a few case reports describing its development in patients presenting no known risk factors. Moreover, the clinical presentation of primary colorectal lymphomas may be difficult to distinguish from an acute flare of ulcerative colitis (UC). Case Presentation: We present a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the rectum in a 42-year-old male with a 7-year history of UC and no previous exposure to immunomodulatory agents. He presented with a history of mucous diarrhoea, tenesmus, proctalgia and weight loss, refractory to optimized therapy. A lower gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed revealing a circumferential ulcerated lesion of the rectum, from which histopathological analysis established the diagnosis of a non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Discussion/Conclusion: The present case suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms for the development of DLBCL in UC patients. The clinical presentation mimicking an acute flare of UC posed a diagnostic challenge, highlighting the complexity behind the management of UC patients.

Resumo Introdução: O linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH) difuso de grandes células B (DGCB) colorretal primário é uma entidade rara, estando a sua associação com a colite ulcerosa (CU) relacionada com a exposição a imunomoduladores. Apresentamos uma forma particularmente rara de LN-HDGCB primário, com atingimento do reto em doente com proctite ulcerosa sem história de imunossupressores, cuja apresentação simula agudização da CU. Descrição do caso clínico: Homem de 42 anos, com diagnóstico de proctite ulcerosa desde 2014, e sem história de terapêutica imunossupressora. Inicia quadro de diarreia com muco, proctalgia intensa, tenesmo e perda ponderal (10% em 2 meses), sem melhoria após otimização da terapêutica. Realiza colonoscopia que revela lesão ulcerada e circunferencial a nível do reto, condicionando estenose luminal, cujas biopsias revelaram LNHDGCB. Discussão/Conclusão: O presente caso sugere a existência de mecanismos fisiopatológicos alternativos à terapêutica imunossupressora para o desenvolvimento de LNH em doentes com CU. A apresentação clínica sugestiva de agudização da CU, constituiu um verdadeiro desafio diagnóstico, fazendo realçar a complexidade da abordagem destes doentes.

Abstract Introduction: The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) identified the need to benchmark the quality of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and produced a set of performance measures (PM). The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the accordance of the PM for SBCE in two Portuguese centers with different SBCE platforms. Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of consecutive SBCE performed in an 18-month period in 2 Portuguese centers that used two different SBCE platforms Mirocam® (IntroMedic, Seoul, South Korea) and PillCam® (Medtronic, Yokneam, Israel). A total of 10 PM (6 key, 4 minor) were evaluated and compared between the 2 centers. Results: A total of 493 SBCE were included. The minimum standard established by ESGE was reached in 3/6 key PM (complete visualization, lesion detection rate, and capsule retention rate), and none of the 4 minor PM. PM compliance significantly differed between the 2 centers: complete small bowel visualization 95.9 and 90% (p = 0.01), diagnostic yield 50.6 and 63% (p = 0.005), adequate small bowel cleansing level according to Brotz scale 69.54 and 84.6% (p ≤ 0.001), patients with high risk of capsule retention offered a patency capsule 4.2 and 73% (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights and critically discusses technical and organizational issues that should be considered in defining more realistic PM thresholds, aiming to improve SBCE quality.

Resumo Introdução: A Sociedade Europeia de Endoscopia Digestiva (ESGE) identificou a necessidade de avaliar a qualdade da enteroscopia por videocápsula (EVC) e produziu um conjunto de medidas de desempenho (MD). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar criticamente a concordância das medidas de desempenho de EVC em dois centros portugueses com diferentes plataformas de EVC. Métodos: Análise transversal de EVC consecutivas realizadas em 2 centros portugueses, com diferentes plataformas de EVC Mirocam® (IntroMedic, Seul, Coreia) e PillCam® (Medtronic, Yokneam, Israel), respetivamente. Um total de 10 medidas de desempenho (6 principais, 4 minor) foram avaliadas e comparadas entre os 2 centros. Resultados: Foram incluídas 493 EVC. O standard mínimo estabelecido pela ESGE foi alcançado em 3/6 MD principais (visualização completa, taxa de detecção de lesões e taxa de cápsula retida), e nenhum nas quatro MD minor. O cumprimento das MD diferiu significativamente entre os 2 centros: visualização completa do intestino delgado 95,9 e 90% (p = 0,01), taxa de deteção de lesões 50,6% e 63% (p = 0,005), adequada preparação do intestino delgado de acordo com a escala de Brotz 69,54 e 84,6% (p ≤ 0,001), doentes com alto risco de retenção da cápsula a quem foi oferecida cápsula de patência 4,2 e 73% (p ≤ 0,001), respectivamente. Discussão/Conclusões: Este estudo destaca e discute criticamente questões técnicas e organizacionais que devem ser consideradas na definição de limiares de MD mais realistas, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade da EVC.

ABSTRACT Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody with the ability to bind itself to CD20, leads to a rapid depletion of B-cells (in around 24-72 hours), limiting antibody formation. The marker CD20 does not exist in any other cell type, which makes the action of rituximab specific. This antibody has been used in autoimmune entities such as rheumatoid arthritis and in hematological malignancies, but recently it has gained popularity as an important immunosuppressor in selected kidney diseases. In nephrology, this anti-CD20 antibody had its first indication in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, but can now be used in primary membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, lupus nephritis and others. There is also some data that indicates rituximab might have a promising role in other glomerular diseases in the future, but to date evidence is still lacking to recommend its widespread use. The aim of this document is to compile the most recent scientific evidence as to when rituximab should be used in the treatment of various glomerular diseases, and which other may come to benefit from it in the future.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the penile morphology after the isolated and combined administration of dutasteride and tamsulosin in a rodent model. Materials and Methods Forty male rats were assigned into the following groups: Control group (C, receiving distilled water, n=10); Dutasteride group (D, receiving 0.5 mg/Kg/day of dutasteride, n=10); Tamsulosin group (T, receiving 0.4 mg/Kg/day of tamsulosin, n=10); and Dutasteride associated with Tamsulosin group (DT, receiving both drugs n = 10). All drugs were administered via oral gavage. After 40 days, the animals were submitted to euthanasia and their penises were collected for histomorphometric analyses. Data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results The sinusoidal space and smooth muscle fiber surface densities (Sv), and the cross-sectional penile areas of rats in groups D, T and DT were reduced in comparison to controls with the most notable reductions in the combined therapy group. The connective tissue and elastic system fibers Sv were augmented in groups D, T and DT in comparison with the control group, again with the most pronounced changes observed in animals receiving the combined therapy. Conclusion Both treatments with dutasteride or tamsulosin promoted penile morphometric modifications in a rodent model. The combination therapy resulted in more notable modifications. The results of this study may help to explain the erectile dysfunction observed in some men using these drugs.