Background Functional impairment is needed to make an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, but there is a paucity of instruments addressing this issue. Objective Perform psychometric analysis of a functional impairment scale (FIE). Methods A sample of 320 individuals, including ADHD probands, their siblings and parents, filled the FIE. We analyzed psychometric properties for the entire sample and age groups. Factor structure was determined by a principal component factor analysis, using oblique rotation with Kaiser normalization and Eigenvalues higher than 1. Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman-Brown were calculated. Results Family analysis revealed four components: a) “family life”, b) “self-perception”, c) “performance” and d) “social life”. Adults’ analysis revealed two components: a) “family life, social life and self-perception” and b) “performance”. Children showed the domains: a) “performance and social life”, b) “self-perception” and c) “family life” components. Cronbach’s alpha were above 0.9 in all components. Discussion Results revealed up to four domains depending on the group considered. Different life demands might explain the variability of domains on the groups.

A hipótese central que a presente proposta se propõe desenvolver é a de que as relações entre gramática e texto não se podem resumir a uma mera aplicabilidade de fenómenos gramaticais previamente descritos, a serem revistos no nível de análise superior à frase que seria o texto. Embora este processo permaneça necessário, pode-se desenvolver simultaneamente um outro tipo de abordagem - assumindo os textos como formas comunicativas globais, associadas a atividades sociais e dependentes de normas de género. A questão que se coloca, neste caso, é a de saber o que revelam os textos sobre a gramática. Procuraremos assim, neste trabalho, a propósito de um exemplo concreto, confrontar duas representações de linguagem: a descrita por linguistas e gramáticos, e a que se dá a ver no texto, em função de requisitos comunicativos específicos.

This paper aims at developing the hypothesis that the relationship between grammar and text should not be reduced to a matter of mere application. In this sense, grammatical phenomena, previously described, would be simply reconsidered at textual level, as the higher level of linguistic analysis. Although this process remains probably necessary, a different point of view must be simultaneously developed. Arguing for a concept of text as a communicative action necessarily embedded in a context of a specific social activity, the point will be to understand what texts can reveal about grammar. More precisely, we will be dealing with a grammatical representation of language (as it is described by grammarians and linguists) and the way the language appears in texts, according to communicative social requests.

Os genótipos de <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT>-caseína (<FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT>-CN), <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-lactoglobulina (<FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-LG) e hormônio de crescimento foram determinados por reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e digestão com enzima de restrição em sete raças de bovinos (Nelore, Gir, Guzerá, Caracu, Charolesa, Canchim and Santa Gertrudis). A <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT>-caseína apresentou dois alelos e as freqüências mais elevadas para o alelo A foram observadas em Bos indicus (0,93, 0,92 e 0,91% para as raças Gir, Guzerá e Nelore, respectivamente). A <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-lactoglobulina apresentou dois alelos em todas as raças estudadas, sendo a freqüência do alelo A mais elevada nas raças européias. O loco de hormônio de crescimento apresentou dois alelos em Bos taurus e foi monomórfico (alelo L) em todas as raças zebuínas. A maior freqüência para o alelo V foi observado na raça Charolesa. Os marcadores investigados revelaram alta similaridade entre as raças, com a formação de dois grupos principais: um composto de raças zebuínas e a raça Santa Gertrudis e outro composto das raças européias e a raça Canchim.

The genotypes for k-casein (<FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT>-CN), <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-lactoglobulin (<FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-LG) and growth hormone (GH) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion in seven breeds of cattle (Nelore, Gyr, Guzerá, Caracu, Charolais, Canchim and Santa Gertrudis). <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</FONT>-Casein had two alleles with the A allele occurring at a higher frequency in Bos indicus breeds (0.93, 0.92 and 0.91% for Gyr, Guzerá and Nelore, respectively). The <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-lactoglobulin locus had two alleles in all of the breeds. European breeds had a higher frequency of the <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</FONT>-LG A allele than Zebu breeds. The GH locus had two alleles (L and V) in Bos taurus and was monomorphic (L allele only) in all of the Bos indicus breeds evaluated. The highest frequency for the V allele was observed in Charolais cattle. The markers used revealed a considerable similarity among breeds, with two main groups being discernible. One group consisted of Zebu and Santa Gertrudis breeds and the other consisted of European and Canchim breeds.