ABSTRACT The presented article discusses the Stirling numbers of the first kind, which is a special case of the study of polynomials on various indeterminates over the integers ring and has relations between the coefficients and the respective roots of a given algebraic equation. The idea consists of an expansion of a class of polynomials on the indeterminates x, x 1 , x 2 ,··· , x n ∈ ℤ, defined by p n ( x ) = ∏ j = 1 n ( x - x j ), given a fixed positive integer n. The idea is even more special, because it comes from the Vieta’s formula of the study of homogeneous and symmetric polynomials, which consists of studying the polynomials in ��(x), where the coefficients are on the ring �� = ℤ(x 1 , x 2 , · · · , x n ), moreover the particular integer roots in Vieta’s formula, discussed here, are x 1 = 0, x 2 = −1,··· , x n = −(n − 1) making interesting algebraic identities whose combinatorial nature is evident and the coefficients of the powers of x in p n (x), in this case, can be the answer to various counting problems modeled after this generating function, more specifically, the sequence associated to p n (x) generates the Stirling numbers of the first kind.

RESUMO O presente artigo trata-se do polinômio de Stirling do primeiro tipo, que é um caso particular do estudo de polinômios em várias indeterminadas sobre o anel dos inteiros e existem relações entre os coeficientes e as respectivas ráızes de uma dada equação algébrica. A ideia consiste na expansão de uma classe de polinômios nas indeterminadas x, x 1 , x 2 ,··· , x n ∈ ℤ, definidos por p n ( x ) = ∏ j = 1 n ( x - x j ), fixado um inteiro n positivo. A ideia é mais particular ainda, pois provém das relações de Girard do estudo de polinômios homogêneos e simétricos que consiste em estudar polinômios em ��(x), cujos coeficientes estão no anel �� = ℤ(x 1 , x 2 , · · · , x n ) e além disso as raízes inteiras particulares nas relações de Girard, em questão, são x 1 = 0, x 2 = −1,··· , x n = −(n− 1) gerando interessantes identidades algébricas cuja natureza combinatória é evidente e o coeficiente das potências de x em p n (x), nesse caso, pode ser resposta de diversos problemas de contagem modelado por meio dessa função geradora, mais especificamente, a sequência associada a p n (x) geram os números de Stirling do primeiro tipo.

Abstract This study aimed to describe and characterize the stages of gonadal development of females of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri caught by artisanal fishers in Espírito Santo state, southeastern region of Brazil. All females (n= 1,831) were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic morphological analysis (n= 333) of the ovaries. From the morphology, coloration and degree of turgidity of the fresh ovary, macroscopic analysis determined five stages of gonadal development. The macroscopic analysis showed difficulties in differentiating the immature and spawning stages due to the similarity between the colors of the ovaries, which confirms the need to perform the macroscopic and histological analysis simultaneously for fisheries management studies. Microscopic observations allowed us to analyze the following six stages of cell development: oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, primary vitellogenic oocytes, secondary vitellogenic oocytes, mature oocytes and atretic oocytes. From this, five stages of gonadal development were defined, i.e., immature, early development, advanced development, mature and spawned. The presence of peripheral bodies was not observed in this species. These results help to clarify and better understand the reproductive and population aspects of the Atlantic Seabob, which are fundamental for the establishment of management and conservation measures of this resource.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e caracterizar os estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal de fêmeas de Xiphopenaeus kroyeri capturado por pescadores artesanais no Estado do Espírito Santo, região sudeste (Região sudeste = Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo) do Brasil. Todas as fêmeas (n= 1.831) foram submetidas à análise morfológica macroscópica e microscópica (n= 333) dos ovários. A partir da morfologia, coloração e grau de turgidez do ovário fresco, a análise macroscópica determinou cinco estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal. A análise macroscópica mostrou dificuldades em diferenciar os estágios imaturo e reprodutivo devido à semelhança entre as cores dos ovários, o que confirma a necessidade de realizar a análise macroscópica e histológica simultaneamente para estudos de manejo pesqueiro. As observações microscópicas permitiram analisar os seguintes seis estágios de desenvolvimento celular: oogônias, ovócitos prévitelogênicos, ovócitos em vitelogênese primária, ovócitos em vitelogênese secundária, ovócitos maduros e ovócitos atrésicos. A partir disso, foram definidos cinco estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal, ou seja, imaturo, desenvolvimento inicial, desenvolvimento avançado, maduro e desovado. A presença de corpos periféricos não foi observada nesta espécie. Estes resultados ajudam a esclarecer e compreender melhor os aspetos reprodutivos e populacionais do camarão do Atlântico, que são fundamentais para o estabelecimento de medidas de gestão e conservação deste recurso.

RESUMO Neste trabalho apresentamos uma solução para o Problema 5 de Andrews1 por meio de uma bijeção entre os conjuntos and definidos no Teorema de Fine(8 e os conjuntos das partições indexadas pelo índice de paridade inferior1. Também resolvemos o Problema 6 de Andrews, conjecturado em1.

ABSTRACT In this work we present a solution for Andrews's Problem 51 by establishing a bijection between the sets and defined in Fine's Theorem8 and the sets of partitions indexed by their lower parity index1. We also solve Andrews's Problem 6, conjectured in1.

A jiboia (Boa constrictor), vertebrado carnívoro, tem sido encontrada em abundância na área urbana de Manaus. A identificação morfológica dos carrapatos coletados em 27 dessas serpentes verificou a ocorrência de Amblyomma dissimile Koch 1844, em todos os exemplares avaliados e a presença de Amblyomma rotundatum Koch 1844, em duas dessas serpentes. A análise do marcador 16S rRNA confirma a identificação morfológica das espécies A. rotundatum e A. dissimile e apresenta novas sequências destes organismos.

The Boa constrictor is one of the world's largest vertebrate carnivores and is often found in urban areas in the city of Manaus, Brazil. The morphological identification of ticks collected from 27 snakes indicated the occurrence of Amblyomma dissimile Koch 1844 on all individuals sampled. In contrast, Amblyomma rotundatum Koch was found on only two snakes. An analysis of the 16S rRNA molecular marker confirmed the morphological identification of these ectoparasites.

O óleo essencial obtido da destilação por vapor de água das folhas, caule, raíz e frutos de Ocotea duckei teve sua composição química analisada através de CG-EM. A atividade farmacológica desses óleos também foi avaliada, mostrando significantes efeitos cardiovasculares. Quarenta e nove substâncias foram identificadas, constituída por uma mistura complexa de monoterpenos (45%) e sesquiterpenos (55%). Os frutos forneceram (1,9%) mais óleo essencial do que os caules (1,0%), raízes (0,8%) e folhas (0,7%). O principal componente encontrado nas folhas foi o trans-cariofileno (60,54%), nas cascas do caule, beta-eudesmol (27,51%) e nos frutos, dl-limoneno (30,12%). O componente predominante do óleo essencial das raízes foi elemol (24,31%). Em ratos normotensos, não anestesiados, o óleo essencial de diferentes partes de Ocotea duckei (folhas, frutos, caule e raiz) induziu significante (p < 0,05) hipotensão seguido de bradicardia.

The essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of Ocotea duckei had their composition analyzed by GC-MS. The pharmacological activity of these oils was also evaluated showing significant cardiovascular effects. Forty-nine substances were identified, consisting of a complex mixture of monoterpenes (45%) and sesquiterpenes (55%). The fruits yielded (1.9%) more essential oil than the stems (1.0%), roots (0.8%) and leaves (0.7%). The main component in the oil of the leaves was trans-caryophyllene (60.54%), in the stem bark beta-eudesmol (27.51%) and in the fruits, dl-limonene (30.12%). The predominant essential oil component in the roots was elemol (24.31%). In non-anaesthetized normotensive rats, the essential oils from different parts of Ocotea duckei (leaves, fruits, stem and roots) induced significant (p < 0.05) hypotension followed by bradycardia.

The aim of this work was to study the larvicidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against Aedes aegypti larvae. The essential oil and its hydrolate (saturated solution of essential oil in water) were obtained by vapor extraction and their chemical composition determined by GL-chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. Bioassays were run with the essential oil, pure and diluted hydrolate and with their main constituents thymol and carvacrol. The results obtained showed that L. sidoides essential oil and its hydrolate have larvicidal action against the mosquito A. aegypti, causing an almost instantaneous mortality. Thymol, an alkylated phenol derivative and one of the major components of L. sidoides essential oil, was identified as the active principle responsible for the larvicidal action, causing 100% larval mortality at the lowest tested concentration of 0.017% (w/v). These results suggest that the essential oil of L. sidoides is promising as larvicide against A. aegypti and could be useful in the search of newer, more selective, and biodegradable larvicidal natural compounds to be used in official combat programs and at home.

O óleo essencial do capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) apresentou mortalidade para 100% das larvas de carrapato-do-boi (Boophilus microplus) após 10 min de exposição. A análise do óleo essencial por CG/EM permitiu a identificação de seis componentes majoritários: ácido propiônico, ácido butirico, álcool feniletílico, hexanal, 1,8-cineol e 9-E-eicoseno. Dois dos componentes (1,8-cineol and n-hexanal) apresentaram também 100% de mortalidade às larvas de carrrapato-do-boi em 10 min. Observou-se também a presença do 2,6-di-t-butil-4-metilfenol que foi atribuída a um contaminante do éter dietílico, comercialmente fornecido, e usado para extração do óleo essencial.

The essential oil of molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) has shown virtually 100% lethal effect on larvae of the cattle-tick (Boophilus microplus) within 10 min exposure. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of six major components: propionic acid, butyric acid, phenylethyl alcohol, hexanal, 1,8-cineole and 9 -E-eicosene. Two of those components (1,8-cineole and n-hexanal) have also shown individually 100% lethal effect on cattle-tick larvae within 10 min. The presence of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol was assigned to a contaminant from commercially supplied diethyl ether used for the essential oil extraction.

Eventhough the rationale behind the use of medicinal plantes in Brazil and Chine is different, twenty four species are used in both countries. Scientific name, vulgar name and uses in both countries along with their chemical constituents are listed.

Alpinia speciosa Schum or A. nutans is a plant of the Zingiberanceae family, Known popularly as "colony" (colônia) and used as a diuretic and to control hypertensión. We have determinated the concentration of Na+ and K+ found in the alcoholic extract and in the tea concoction. They contained 51.0mEq Na+, and 132 mEq K+ in the extract, and 0,0 mEq of Na+ and 26 mEq K+ in the tea. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves demonstrated the presence of catecquic tanins, phenols and alkaloids, and also some essential oils. When injected intra-peritoneally the hydroalcoholic extract, in range of 100 a 1400 mg/Kg, (or 2500-18000 mg/Kg orally) produced in mice: writhing, psychomorot excitation, hypokinesis and pruritus. The LD50 by ip was 0.760 + or - 0.126 g/Kg and 10.0 + or - 2.5 g/Kg by oral administration for the hydroalcoholic extract. Subacute toxicity made injecting daily for 30 days the LD10 in rats caused an increase in transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas other parameters such as nlood glucose, urea and creatinine were normal. A histopathological analysis of liver, spleen, gut, lung and heart showed no alterations. The drug also produced a prolongation of the sleeping time. The hydroalcoholic extract induced int he rat and in the dog a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure in doses of 10 to 30 mg/Kg. In isolated atria the extract induced a reduction of the frequnecy and in the inotropic responses. Neither the extract nor the tea had an effect on the diuresis of the rat.

Os trabalhos de fitoquímica envolvendo a determinação estrutural começaram a ser divulgados em 1967 e conduziram a 212 trabalhos até o ano de 1984, distribuídos entre comunicações, reuniões científicas e publicações em períodicos. Na compilação apresentada, além da lista de trabalhos classificados por autores cronologicamente, são apresentadas também a relação das 172 espécies vegetais e dos 29 tipos de substâncias químicas isoladas, desde simples ácidos orgânicos até xantonas. As listagens foram elaboradas com auxílio do programa DBASE 11 da Ashton-Tate, em microcomputador CP 500 adaptado com placa para Sistema Operacional SOL/M Versão 10 da Microsol Ltda. de Fortaleza, CE.

The first paper reporting a natural products strutural determination done, at Universidade, federal do Ceará was published in 1967. Since then to the 1984, the total has risen to 212. This compilation is a list of references, a list the species of, and of plants studied, and a list of the 29 types of natural products isolated from these plants. The three, lists were made by using a DBASE 11 program from Ashton-Tate for microcomputers.

Summary Preliminar note on a study of the resta oil (from the trunk) and the seed oil from a species of Copaifera was done, using the analytical methods known as GC/MS and HPLC and the volumetric method. This work was developed at the Divisão de Química of the INPA in collaboration with the Departamento de Química of the UPCe with the purpose to identify the chemical components and to establish the kinetic control of auto oxidation with and without the addition of antioxidants and synergistic agents.