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Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar un dispositivo automatizado para la asistencia ventilatoria basado en un AMBU manufacturado en Marzo del 2020. Métodos: El ESSI-1 INC fue evaluado por medio de parámetros fisiológicos y mecánica pulmonar a través de pruebas de espirómetro compensatorios (TISSOT); pulmón artificial (Modelo 5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM); así como su desempeño comparado a la máquina de anestesia (AEONMED 7500) en modelos porcinos, midiendo criterios ventilatorios, hemodinámicos y gasométricos. Resultados: Este equipo (ESSI-1 INC) fue exitosamente probado por modelos mecánicos y biológicos, tales como cerdos donde su desempeño fue evaluado en términos de la variabilidad del volumen tidal, frecuencia ventilatoria, y relación I/E versus el desempeño manual de dos médicos. Todos los resultados finalizaron como se esperaba de forma satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Es un equipo seguro y efectivo, el cual debería ser probado y usado en distintas condiciones clínicas para estandarizar la seguridad ventilatoria y cuidado de pacientes que lo requieran.

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate an automated device for ventilatory support based on AMBU manufactured in March 2020. Methods: The ESSI-1 INC was evaluated through pulmonary mechanics and physiology parameters through compensatory spirometer tests (TISSOTs), and an artificial lung Model5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM; it was also compared to the anesthetic ventilatory support equipment (AEONMED 7500) in porcine models, measuring ventilatory, hemodynamic and gasometric parameters. Results: This equipment (ESSI-1 INC) was successfully tested by mechanical and biological models, such as pigs in which its performance was evaluated in terms of variability of tidal volume, ventilation frequency, and I/E relationship versus the manual performance of two medical interns. All the results turned out as expected and were satisfactory. Conclusions: It is safe and effective equipment and should be tested and used in diverse clinical conditions to standardize the ventilatory safety and care of patients who require it.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.2200004

Silver Tungstate Obtained via Successive Seed Crystal Growth: Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties
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Santos, Germano P.

; Silva, Francisco C. M.

; Cruz-Filho, João F.

; Luz, Roberto A. S.

; Luz Jr., Geraldo E.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2023, Volume 34 N. 7 Pages 992 - 1002

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Synthesis routes and parameters such as synthesis time, precursor molar ratio, pH, and temperature are critical for generating oxides of various sizes and morphological aspects. However, there is no information on how to prepare silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) crystals of different shapes and sizes under laboratory conditions and without using sulfating agents. In this study, we attempted to fill this gap by preparing α-Ag2WO4 crystals of various sizes and morphologies using the coprecipitation method in a 3 h interval at room temperature and without using sulfating agents. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all crystals had an orthorhombic structure, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the degree of structural disorder in the bonds between the atoms in the materials. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the α-Ag2WO4 crystals had different sizes (5.37-26.83 µm) and morphologies (tetragonal prism, rod, and cypress leave-like rod), whereas ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis indicated the optical band gap energy (2.92-3.05 eV), calculated using the method proposed by Kubelka and Munk. Catalytic tests revealed that the synthesized samples with the smallest crystals (AW1) and a tetragonal prism morphology degraded dye more efficiently (apparent rate constant (k) = 5.86 × 10-3 min-1) than other samples.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230013

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad extensa
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A.

; Díaz-García, Diego A.

; Corona-Cruz, José F.

; Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J.

; Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto

; Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E.

; Blake-Cerda, Mónika

; Rivera-Márquez, Raúl

; López-Saucedo, Raúl A.

; Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I.

; Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M.

; Alatorre-Alexander, Jorge A.

; Alexander-Meza, Francisco

; Barrón-Barrón, Feliciano

; Blanco-Vázquez, Yazmín C.

; Campos-Gómez, Saúl

; Mata-Moya, Dolores de la

; Figueroa-Martínez, Pedro

; González-Cisneros, Paulina E.

; Íñiguez-García, Marco A.

; Lázaro-León, Jesús M.

; Loyola-García, Ulises

; Morales-Rivera, Marcelino

; Olivares-Torres, Carlos

; Ramos-Ramírez, Maritza

; Sáenz-Frías, Julia A.

; Silva-Bravo, Fernando

; Trejo-Rosales, Rogelio

; Souto-del Bosque, Miguel

; Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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jun 2023, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 55 - 73

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP enfermedad extensa en México basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad extensa, producto de preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas antes de incorporarla al cuerpo de la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad extensa del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica para estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by its rapid growth rate and the rapid development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of extensive disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, of extensive disease recommendations resulting from work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the Guide. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of extensive disease of SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000122

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad limitada
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A.

; Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J.

; Blake-Cerda, Mónika

; Corona-Cruz, José F.

; Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto

; Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I.

; Díaz-García, Diego A.

; Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E.

; Rivera-Márquez, Raúl

; López-Saucedo, Raúl A.

; Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M.

; Maldonado-Magos, Federico

; Aldaco-Sarvide, Fernando

; Alvarado-Zermeño, Adriana

; Barajas-Figueroa, Luis J.

; Bautista-Aragón, Yolanda

; Bolaños-Morales, Francina V.

; Castillo-Ortega, Graciano

; Félix-Leyva, Jesús A.

; Gerson-Cwilich, Raquel

; Guzmán-de Alba, Enrique

; López-Galindo, Ángel A.

; Mariscal-Ramírez, Carlos

; Piñeiro-Retif, Rafael

; Ramos-Prudencio, Rubí

; Rodríguez-Cid, Jerónimo

; Silva-Bravo, Fernando

; Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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mar 2023, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 3 - 23

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP, enfermedad limitada, en México, basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración entre el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensuaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad limitada, producto de las preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó críticamente la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas, antes de incorporarla a la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad limitada del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by rapid growth rate and development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of limited disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, for limited SCLC disease resulting from the same number of work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the guide. Conclusion: This guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of limited disease SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000121

Diversidad y distribución de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en la frontera México-Guatemala
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Vázquez-Marroquín, Rafael

; Castañeda-Rivero, Francisco R.

; Chan-Chable, Rahuel J.

; Cruz-Ramos, Josué M. de la

; Espinoza-González, Carlos A.

; Ortega-Morales, Aldo I.

Revista mexicana de biodiversidad

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2023, Volume 94 elocation e944063

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se realizaron recolectas de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en el intradomicilio y peridomicilio a lo largo de la frontera Chiapas-Guatemala durante octubre-noviembre del 2018. Se recolectaron 4,439 especímenes pertenecientes a 2 subfamilias, 18 géneros y 41 especies, una de ellas Mansonia dyari (Belkin, Heinemann y Page, 1970) es un nuevo registro estatal para Chiapas. De las 41 especies recolectadas, 21 tienen importancia en salud pública, siendo algunas de ellas los principales vectores de malaria, dengue, fiebre amarilla, chikungunya, zika, mayaro, encefalitis equina venezolana, encefalitis equina del oeste y fiebre del valle del Rift. Culex quinquefasciatus y Aedes aegypti mostraron ser las más abundantes. En algunos casos, los municipios con mayor número de especies e individuos no fueron los más diversos y equitativos, con una alta disimilitud en la composición de sus especies. El intradomicilio obtuvo las mayores abundancias de mosquitos, sin embargo, su diversidad y equitatividad fue baja a diferencia del peridomicilio, presentándose una disimilitud ligeramente alta entre sus especies. Los resultados obtenidos tienen importancia para el establecimiento de programas de vigilancia y control en los municipios fronterizos en el estado de Chiapas, ya que brindan información base de la presencia y distribución de la fauna de mosquitos.

Abstract Mosquito collection was conducted intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary along the Chiapas-Guatemala international border during October-November 2018. We collected 4,439 specimens belonging to 2 subfamilies, 18 genera and 41 species, one of which Mansonia dyari (Belkin, and Page, 1970) is a new record for Chiapas, and 21 species with medical importance were found. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were the most common species. Some municipalities with the highest number of species and individuals were not the most diverse and equitable, with a high dissimilarity in species composition. The intradomiciliary collections obtained the highest abundances of species, however the diversity and evenness were low in contrast with the peridomiciliary collections, where obtained slightly high dissimilarity among species. The results obtained have importance for the establishment of surveillance and mosquito control programs in the state of Chiapas, since they provide basic information on the occurrence and distribution of mosquito fauna.

https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2023.94.4063

Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of uns C19400 Alloy Plates
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Martins, Floriano

; Varasquim, Francisco M.F.A.

; Cruz Junior, Eli J.

; Nakamoto, Francisco Y.

; Santos, Vinicius T.

; Vatavuk, Jan

; Silva, Márcio R.

; Couto, Antonio A.

; Santos, Givanildo A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20230237

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The welding of metallic materials by the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method is a very attractive process for preserving their characteristics, especially for copper and its alloys that require high heat input and present many distortions by traditional methods. However, it is a great challenge to produce welds free of defects and maintain or improve their mechanical properties. In the current literature data on FSW parameters for copper and its alloys are scarce. In this study, tests were performed with a combination of four tool rotations (750, 850, 950, 1050 rev.min-1) and two welding speeds (20 and 60 mm.min-1), maintaining the tool inclination angle in 3° and waiting time of 5 seconds. The objective of this work is to analyze the microstructure and mechanical performance of lap joints of the UNS C19400 alloy joined by FSW. The process temperature was monitored to trace the heating profile of the process, in addition to microhardness and shear strength tests, in addition to optical microscopy for analysis. The joints welded by the parameters Ω 950 rev.mm-1 �� 20mm.min-1 obtained a mechanical performance of 73% compared to the characteristics of the base metal and despite the appearance of volumetric defects at the microstructural level, the metallurgical transformations of recovery and recrystallization of the grains observed in the microstructure played a key role in the result.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0237

Aproximación hacia la evaluación de la aptitud clínica en residentes de cardiología. Diseño multicéntrico
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Leyva-González, Félix A.

; Gómez-Arteaga, Gress M.

; Lifshitz, Alberto

; Gómez-Clavelina, Francisco J. F.

; Valencia-Sánchez, Jesús S.

; Degollado-Bardales, Lilia

; Almeida-Gutiérrez, Eduardo

; Lupercio-Mora, Karina

; Verdejo-Paris, Juan

; Manzur-Sandoval, Daniel

; Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique

; Morales-Portano, Julieta D.

; Leyva-Salas, Félix A.

; Gómez-Arteaga, Martha A.

; Cruz-Avelar, Agles

; Ayala-Angulo, Víctor A.

Gaceta médica de México

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dec 2022, Volume 158 N. 6 Pages 387 - 394

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Hasta donde se tiene conocimiento, la investigación que se presenta constituye el primer trabajo multicéntrico en México que estudia el desarrollo de la aptitud clínica en unidades formadoras de cardiólogos. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica en residentes de cardiología en tres unidades médicas de alta especialidad. Métodos: Diseño transversal multicéntrico. Se analizaron todos los estudiantes del ciclo académico 2019-2020. Se construyó un instrumento que evaluó la aptitud clínica a partir de ocho indicadores y 170 ítems; la validez conceptual/de contenido y la confiabilidad fueron valoradas por cinco cardiólogos con experiencia docente y en investigación educativa. Resultados: Por indicador y año de residencia se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la sede CMN20Nov; en HCSXXI e INCICh se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en uno de ocho indicadores. Se estimaron diferencias entre residentes R1 (n = 41) de las tres sedes por indicador, con significación estadística en tres de ocho indicadores. El resultado fue semejante al comparar R2 (n = 35) y R3 (n = 43). Conclusiones: El grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica se puede considerar medio en las tres sedes académicas, probablemente debido a que el instrumento exploró situaciones clínicas problematizadas que exigieron del residente la reflexión crítica de su experiencia clínica.

Abstract Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, the research herein presented is the first multicenter study in Mexico to analyze the development of clinical aptitude in medical units that train cardiologists. Objective: To determine the degree of development of clinical aptitude in cardiology residents at three High Specialty Medical Units. Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional design. All students of the 2019-2020 academic year were included in the study. An instrument was constructed that evaluated clinical aptitude based on eight indicators and 170 items; conceptual/content validity and reliability were assessed by five cardiologists with teaching and educational research experience. Results: By indicator and year of residence, significant statistical differences were observed in the CMN20Nov academic site. At HCSXXI and INCICh, statistically significant differences were observed in one of eight indicators. Differences between R1 residents (n = 41) of all three academic sites were estimated by indicator, with statistical significance being recorded in three of eight indicators. Between R2 (n = 35) and between R3 residents (n = 43), the result was similar. Conclusions: The degree of clinical aptitude development can be considered intermediate in all three academic sites, probably because the instrument explored problematized clinical situations that required the residents to critically reflect on their clinical experience.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000153

Seguridad y eficacia de la bioprótesis de válvula cardiaca INC en humanos
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Farjat-Pasos, Julio I.

; Abundes-Velasco, Arturo

; Soto-López, María E.

; Suárez-Cuenca, Juan A.

; Martínez-Hernández, Humberto

; Ramírez-Marroquín, Samuel

; Sánchez-Pérez, Tomás E.

; Aguilar-Torres, Eduardo A.

; Cobos-Reyes, Farid A.

; Cruz-Enríquez, Francisco J.

; Islas-Navarro, Enid A.

; Núñez-Gómez, José C.

; Peña-Duque, Marco A.

Gaceta médica de México

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dec 2022, Volume 158 N. 6 Pages 380 - 386

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Las bioprótesis de válvulas cardiacas son el estándar de oro para el reemplazo quirúrgico de la válvula aórtica en pacientes seleccionados. Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la válvula cardiaca bioprotésica del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (INC) en humanos. Métodos: Estudio unicéntrico que incluyó 341 pacientes que se sometieron a reemplazo valvular quirúrgico único de válvula aórtica con válvula INC. Resultados: Se realizaron 318 implantes de novo (93 %) y 23 como segunda cirugía (7 %); las puntuaciones STS fueron de 1.4 y 1.8 % y el seguimiento de 42 y 46 meses, respectivamente. No existieron diferencias en las complicaciones ni en la tasa de implantación de marcapasos. Ambos grupos mantuvieron una FEVI normal. Se observó mejoría global en la clase funcional con empeoramiento solo en dos pacientes del grupo de novo. La disfunción de la prótesis INC que ameritó reintervención quirúrgica se observó en ocho pacientes (4.65 %) del grupo de novo versus un paciente (7.69 %) con segunda cirugía. Conclusiones: La válvula cardiaca INC es eficaz y segura, se asocia a baja tasa de complicaciones y mejoría de la clase funcional durante el seguimiento a largo plazo. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos comparativos de esta válvula.

Abstract Introduction: Heart valve bioprostheses are the gold standard for aortic valve surgical replacement in selected patients. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the of the National Institute of Cardiology (INC) bioprosthetic heart alve of the National Institute of Cardiology (INC) bioprosthetic heart valve in humans. Methods: Single-center study that ncluded 341 patients who underwent single surgical aortic valve replacement with INC heart valve. Results: 318 implants were performed de novo (93%) and 23 as redo surgery (7%); STS scores were 1.4 and 1.8%, and follow-up was for 42 and 46 months, respectively. There were no differences in clinical complications or pacemaker implantation rate. Both groups maintained a normal LVEF. Overall improvement in functional class was observed, with worsening only in two patients of the de novo group. INC prosthesis dysfunction requiring surgical reintervention was observed in eight patients (4.65%) of the de novo group vs. one patient in the redo group. Conclusions: The INC heart valve is efficacious and safe, and is associated with a The INC heart valve is efficacious and safe, and is associated with a low rate of complications and functional class improvement during long-term follow-up. Prospective, comparative studies of this valve are required.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000148

Educación en línea y enfermedad del ojo seco durante la pandemia de COVID-19
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Santa-Cruz-Pavlovich, Francisco J.

; Bolaños-Chang, Andrés J.

; González-González, Juan E.

; Guzmán-Castellanos, Jesús F.

; Ledesma-Mijares, Roberto A.

; Fuentes-Plata, Héctor

; Jiménez-Batalla, Citlalli

; Navarro-Partida, José

Revista mexicana de oftalmología

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dec 2022, Volume 96 N. 6 Pages 231 - 240

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los cambios en la frecuencia y la incidencia de la enfermedad del ojo seco (EOS) y los tiempos de exposición a pantallas al inicio de cursos en línea, y comparar estos cambios entre sexos. Secundariamente, correlacionar los tiempos de exposición con la gravedad de los síntomas. Método: Se aplicaron cuatro encuestas idénticas durante 6 semanas, las cuales contenían el Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) que cuantifica la gravedad de los síntomas de EOS y preguntas sobre tiempos de exposición a pantallas. Se incluyeron universitarios que transicionaron de cursos presenciales a plataformas en línea. Resultados: La frecuencia de EOS entre los 97 participantes (54 mujeres y 43 hombres) alcanzó su máximo en la semana 4 (82.47%). Las puntuaciones OSDI aumentaron significativamente (p < 0.0001) entre la situación basal (27.01 ± 17.55) y la semana 6 (37.17 ± 24.64), reflejando un empeoramiento sintomatológico y una incidencia del 8.5%. Este empeoramiento se observó en las mujeres (p < 0.0001), pero no en los hombres (p = 0.11); se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sexos en la situación basal (p = 0.01), la semana 2 (p = 0.02) y la semana 6 (p = 0.008), pero no en la semana 4 (p = 0.11). El inicio de los cursos en línea aumentó el tiempo frente a la pantalla (p < 0.0001). Las horas basales fueron 25.52 ± 11.33 y alcanzaron su máximo en la semana 2, con 34.62 ± 10.90 horas. Las puntuaciones OSDI y los tiempos de exposición de los cursos en línea se correlacionaron significativamente (semana 2, R = 0.265; semana 4, R = 0.262; semana 6, R = 0.205). Conclusiones: Los universitarios sufren síntomas graves de EOS que se correlacionaron con el inicio de los cursos en línea. Las instituciones educativas deberían fomentar la salud ocular.

Abstract Objective: To analyze changes in the frequency and incidence of dry eye disease (DED) and screen exposure times during the onset of online courses; moreover, compare these changes between sexes. Secondarily, correlate online courses screen exposure times with the severity of DED symptoms. Method: Four identical surveys, each containing the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) which quantifies DED symptom severity, and questions which categorized screen exposure times, were applied throughout 6 weeks. University students who had transitioned from face-to-face courses to online platforms were included. Results: DED frequency among the 97 subjects (54 women, 43 men) peaked on week 4 (82.47%). OSDI scores significantly increased throughout the study (p < 0.0001), from baseline (27.01 ± 17.55) to week 6 (37.17 ± 24.64), reflecting symptom worsening along an incidence of 8.5%. This worsening of symptoms occurred in women (p < 0.0001), while in male subjects it did not (p = 0.11). Significant differences between sexes were found during the baseline (p = 0.01), week 2 (p = 0.02), and week 6 (p = 0.008), but not on week 4 (p = 0.11). Online courses onset significantly increased screen exposure time (p < 0.0001). The baseline hours were 25.52 ± 11.33 and peaked on week 2, being 34.62 ± 10.90 hours. OSDI scores and online courses exposure times correlated significantly (week 2, R = 0.265; week 4, R = 0.262; week 6, R = 0.205). Conclusions: University students suffer from severe DED symptoms, which correlate with online courses onset. Educational institutions should foster ocular health.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmo.m22000247

10.

Relación entre los polimorfismos funcionales de nucleótido único del TGF-β1 y el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto en una población mexicana
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Santa Cruz-Pavlovich, Francisco J.

; Ori-Guy, Tomer

; García-Loza, Brenda A.

; Carvajal-Quiñónez, Miguel A.

; Navarro-Arregui, Diego

; Alvarado-Castillo, Beatriz

; Navarro-Partida, José

Revista mexicana de oftalmología

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aug 2022, Volume 96 N. 4 Pages 147 - 154

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: La asociación entre el factor de crecimiento transformante beta 1 (TGF-β1) y el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA) ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar una asociación entre polimorfismos de nucleótido único (PNU) del gen del TGF-β1, -509C/T (rs1800469), -800G/A (rs1800468) y +915G/C (rs1800471) con el GPAA en una población mexicana. Método: Los PNU fueron genotipados usando la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. Se utilizaron las pruebas de χ2 y análisis de regresión logística para buscar asociaciones entre las frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas, haplotípicas y en base a modelos (dominante, recesivo, codominante y sobredominante) y el GPAA. Resultados: Se incluyeron 237 sujetos, de los cuales 135 eran pacientes diagnosticados de GPAA y 102 controles. El alelo menor del PNU -800G/A aument significativamente el riesgo de GPAA (odds ratio [OR]: 3.38; intervalo de confianza [IC]: 1.46-8.23; p = 0.0051). Asimismo, en el análisis basado en modelos, el codominante (OR: 3,29; IC: 1,18-9,14; p = 0.018), el dominante (OR: 3.46; IC: 1.36-8.82; p = 0.0046) y el sobredominante (OR: 3.18; IC: 1.14-8.82; p = 0.016) mostraron un riesgo aumentado de GPAA con los genotipos GA, GA-AA y GA, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el PNU -509C/T otorgó protección en el modelo sobredominante (OR: 0.55; IC: 0.32-0.94; p = 0.028) con el genotipo CT. El análisis de haplotipos demostró que portar el alelo C del -509C/T, el alelo A del -800G/A y el alelo C del +915G/C aumentó el riesgo de padecer GPAA (OR: 2.74; IC: 1.20-6.25; p = 0.018). Conclusiones: El PNU asociado a la infraexpresión (-800G/A) del TGF-β1 se asoció a riesgo de GPAA, mientras que el PNU asociado a la sobreexpresión (-509C/T) se asoció a la protección. Estos resultados podrían sugerir nuevos planteamientos en el funcionamiento del microambiente de la malla trabecular.

Abstract Objective: The association between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the association between functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (PNU) in the TGF-β1 gene; -509C/T (rs1800469), -800G/A (rs1800468) and +915G/C (rs1800471) with POAG in a Mexican population. Method: The PNUs were genotyped by real time polymerase chain reaction. Allelic, genotypic, haplotypic and model-based (dominant, recessive, codominant and overdominant) associations of the PNUs with POAG were analyzed with Chi square test and logistic regression. Results: 237 non-related Mexican subjects were included; 135 were POAG patients and 102 were control subjects. The minor allele from the -800G/A PNU conferred a significant risk for POAG (oddsratio [OR]: 3.38; confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-8.23; p = 0.0051). Concurrently, in the model-based analysis, the codominant (OR: 3.29; CI: 1.18-9.14; p = 0.018), dominant (OR: 3.46; CI: 1.36-8.82; p = 0.0046) and overdominant models (OR: 3.18; CI: 1.14-8.82; p = 0.016) showed an increase in POAG risk with the GA, GA-AA and GA genotypes, respectively. Besides, the -509C/T PNU conferred protection in the overdominant model (OR: 0.55; CI: 0.32-0.94; p = 0.028) with the CT genotype. Haplotype analysis showed that carrying the C allele from the -509C/T, the A allele from the -800G/A, and the C allele from the +915G/C PNU, conferred an increased risk of POAG (OR: 2.74; CI: 1.20-6.25; p = 0.018). Conclusions: The PNU related to under expression (-800 G/A) of TGF-β1 was associated with risk of POAG while the PNU related to overexpression (-509C/T) with protection. These results may suggest new insights into the microenvironment of the trabecular meshwork.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmo.m22000240

11.

Identification of Glucose and Insulin Patterns during A 5-H Glucose Tolerance Test and Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
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Crespo-Morfin, Paulina B.

; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.

; Almeda-Valdés, Paloma

; Alfaro-Pastrana, Raúl

; Bello-Chavolla, Omar Y.

; Cano-Castillo, Jhoana

; Gómez-Pérez, Francisco J.

; Cruz-Bautista, Ivette

Revista de investigación clínica

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aug 2022, Volume 74 N. 4 Pages 193 - 201

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Insulin resistance is key in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to identify glucose and insulin patterns after a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals without diabetes and to explore cardiometabolic risk factors, beta-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in each pattern. Methods: We analyzed the 5-h OGTT in a tertiary healthcare center. We identified classes using latent class trajectory analysis and evaluated their association with cardiometabolic risk factors, beta-cell function, and insulin sensitivity surrogates by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: We included 1088 5-h OGTT performed between 2013 and 2020 and identified four classes. Class one was associated with normal insulin sensitivity and secretion. Class two showed hyperglycemia, dysinsulinism, and a high-risk cardiometabolic profile (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol). Class three included older individuals, a higher proportion of males, and a greater prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and postprandial hypoglycemia. Finally, class four showed hyperglycemia, dysinsulinism, and hyperinsulinemia; this class had the worst cardiometabolic profile (a high proportion of males, greater age, hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol, p < 0.001 vs. other classes). Conclusions: The latent class analysis approach allows the identification of groups with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor, and who might benefit from frequent follow-ups and timely multidisciplinary interventions.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.22000039 17 downloads

12.

Type, effects and cause of injuries suffered by workers in the sawmill industry of El Salto, Durango, Mexico
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Nájera-Luna, Juan A.

; Méndez-González, Jorge

; Cruz-Cobos, Francisco

; Hernández, Francisco J.

Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente

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apr 2022, Volume 28 N. 1 Pages 105 - 118

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: Sawmill work is a dangerous occupation because it involves handling materials and equipment that exposes workers to many risks that can affect their health and safety. Objective: To identify injuries, parts of the body affected and agents that cause accidents in sawmill workers in the region of El Salto, Durango. Materials and methods: A structured survey was applied to 300 workers in 26 sawmills and pallet mills to determine typology, damages and cause of injuries suffered in the last five years. Results and discussion: In the sawmills of El Salto, the most important positions are occupied by people of older age and work experience, regardless of their level of schooling; they have suffered one to five accidents in the last five years and only 32 % have received occupational safety training. The most frequent injuries were caused by hits and crushing body parts of assistants (57 %), open wounds in operators (16 %) and sprains (15 %). The mechanisms causing these injuries were getting stuck by moving objects (30 %), hitting against moving objects (23.3 %), falling objects (14.3 %) and false moves (13.7 %). Fingers were the most affected (35 %) due to a hit and by getting stuck. Conclusions: Safety training is limited, leading to 95 % of workers with injuries with different degrees of severity. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.

Resumen Introducción: El trabajo en aserraderos es una ocupación peligrosa, pues implica la manipulación de materiales y equipo que expone a los trabajadores a numerosos riesgos que pueden afectar su salud y seguridad. Objetivo: Identificar las lesiones, las partes del cuerpo afectadas y los agentes que detonan la accidentabilidad en los trabajadores de la industria del aserrío de la región de El Salto, Durango. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a 300 trabajadores de 26 aserraderos y fábricas de tarima para determinar la tipología, daños y origen de las lesiones sufridas en los últimos cinco años. Resultados y discusión: En los aserraderos de la región de El Salto, los puestos de mayor jerarquía son ocupados por personas de mayor edad y experiencia laboral sin importar el nivel de escolaridad; han sufrido uno a cinco accidentes en los últimos cinco años y solo 32 % ha recibido capacitación de seguridad laboral. Las lesiones más frecuentes se producen a consecuencia de golpes y aplastamientos en ayudantes (57 %), heridas abiertas en operadores (16 %) y esguinces (15 %). Los mecanismos que originaron las lesiones fueron atrapamiento por objetos móviles (30 %), golpes contra objetos móviles (23.3 %), caída de objetos (14.3 %) y falsos movimientos (13.7 %). Los dedos de las manos son los más afectados (35 %) por golpes y atrapamientos. Conclusiones: La capacitación sobre seguridad es reducida, lo que ha propiciado que 95 % de los trabajadores sufran lesiones de diversa gravedad. Es necesario implementar acciones para disminuir los riesgos de accidentes y lesiones.

https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.016

13.

Presencia de Varroa destructor, Nosema spp. y Acarapis woodi en colonias de abejas de Tabasco
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Martínez Puc, Jesús Froylán

; Gómez Leyva, Juan Florencio

; González Cortés, Nicolás

; Catzím Rojas, Francisco Javier

; Sánchez Melo, Yessenia

; Payró de la Cruz, Emeterio

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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mar 2022, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 303 - 315

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Bee (Apis mellifera) diseases cause great economic losses and are considered the main cause of the high loss of colonies. In this study, the frequency and infestation levels of Varroa destructor and Acarapis woodi were determined. Likewise, the frequency and infection levels of Nosema spp. in colonies of honeybees from Tabasco, Mexico, were determined. During October to November 2020, bee samples were collected in 112 colonies in the five subregions of Tabasco. The frequency and levels of infestation of V. destructor were diagnosed using the capped brood comb fragment technique, as well as the washing of adult bees. The quantification of spores of Nosema spp. was performed by macerating abdomens and visual identification of A. woodi in tracheas using a stereoscopic microscope. At the state level, it was found a frequency of V. destructor in capped brood (FVCO)= 69.64%; level of infestation of V. destructor in capped brood (NIVCO)= 13.86% (p= 0.419), likewise, it was observed a frequency of V. destructor in adult bees (FVAA)= 92.86%; level of infestation of V. destructor in adult bees (NIVAA)= 3.88% (p= 0.944). It was observed a frequency of Nosema spp. (FN)= 91.96%; infection level of Nosema spp. (NIN)= 133 738 ±156 221 spores/bee. All samples were negative for A. woodi. The results indicate that the presence of V. destructor and Nosema spp. are more frequent in the subregions studied, the levels of infestation of V. destructor and the levels of infection of Nosema spp. are low. However, extreme values that exceed the tolerable limits were found in various communities, which could represent foci of attention before possible dissemination of these pathogens.

Resumen Las enfermedades de la abeja (Apis mellifera), causan grandes pérdidas económicas y se consideran la causa de alta perdida de colonias. En este estudio se determinó la frecuencia y los niveles de infestación de Varroa destructor y Acarapis woodi. Asimismo, se determinó la frecuencia y niveles de infección de Nosema spp., en colonias de abejas melíferas de Tabasco, México. Durante octubre a noviembre de 2020, se colectaron muestras de abejas en 112 colonias en las cinco subregiones de Tabasco. Se diagnosticó la frecuencia y niveles de infestación de V. destructor mediante la técnica del fragmento de panal de cría operculada, así como el lavado de abejas adultas. La cuantificación de esporas de Nosema spp., se realizó mediante un macerado de abdómenes y la identificación visual de A. woodi en tráqueas utilizando un microscopio estereoscópico. A nivel estatal se encontró una Frecuencia de V. destructor en cría operculada (FVCO)= 69.64%, nivel de infestación de V. destructor en cría operculada (NIVCO)= 13.86% (p= 0.419); asimismo, se observó una frecuencia de V. destructor en abejas adultas (FVAA)= 92.86%; nivel de infestación de V. destructor en abejas adultas (NIVAA)= 3.88% (p= 0.944). Se observó una frecuencia de Nosema spp. (FN)= 91.96%; nivel de infección de Nosema spp. (NIN)= 133 738 ±156 221 esporas/abeja. Todas las muestras resultaron negativas a A. woodi. Los resultados indican que la presencia V. destructor y Nosema spp., son más frecuentes en las subregiones estudiadas, los niveles de infestación de V. destructor y los niveles de infección de Nosema spp. son bajos. Sin embargo, se encontraron valores extremos en diversas comunidades que rebasan los límites tolerables, lo cual requiere de atención ante posible diseminación de estos patógenos.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i2.3033 30 downloads

14.

Guía de práctica clínica mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica
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Pavía-López, Abel A.

; Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A.

; Ruiz-Gastelum, Edith D.

; Mayorga-Butrón, José L.

; Mehta, Roopa

; Díaz-Aragón, Filiberto A.

; Aldrete-Velasco, Jorge A.

; López-Juárez, Nitzia

; Cruz-Bautista, Ivette

; Chávez-Mendoza, Adolfo

; Secchi-Nicolás, Nikos C.

; Guerrero-Martínez, Francisco J.

; Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E.

; Mendoza-Zubieta, Victoria

; Fanghänel-Salmon, Guillermo

; Valdivia-Proa, Martha

; Olmos-Domínguez, Luis

; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.

; Dávila-Maldonado, Luis

; Vázquez-Rangel, Armando

; Pavia-Aubry, Vanina

; Nava-Hernández, María de los A.

; Hinojosa-Becerril, Carlos A.

; Anda-Garay, Juan C.

; Ríos-Ibarra, Manuel O. de los

; Berni-Betancourt, Ana C.

; López-Cuellar, Julio

; Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego

; Rivera-Reyes, Romina

; Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela

; Tapia-Hernández, Mónica

; Cano-Nigenda, Claudia V.

; Guerra-López, Arturo

; Elías-López, Josué

; Figueroa-Morales, Marco A.

; Montaño-Velázquez, Bertha B.

; Velasco-Hidalgo, Liliana

; Rodríguez-Lozano, Ana L.

; Pimentel-Hernández, Claudia

; Baquero-Hoyos, María M.

; Romero-Moreno, Felipe

; Rodríguez-Vega, Mario

Archivos de cardiología de México

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2022, Volume 92 Suppl. 1 Pages 1 - 62

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.m22000081 1458 downloads

15.

A multidisciplinary framework for biodiversity prediction in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot
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Miyaki, Cristina Y.

; Cruz, Francisco W.

; Hickerson, Michael

; Michelangeli, Fabián A.

; Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo

; Thomas, Wayt

; Carnaval, Ana Carolina

Biota Neotropica

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2022, Volume 22 N. spe elocation e20221339

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Descrevemos de forma resumida resultados selecionados do nosso projeto temático com foco na biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica (“AF BIOTA”), que foi financiado pelo BIOTA FAPESP e pelo programa “Dimensions of Biodiversity” da “U.S. National Science Foundation” e “National Aeronautics and Space Administration” (NASA). Devido à sua megabiodiversidade (que inclui várias espécies endêmicas), e por restar menos de 16% da vegetação original, a Floresta Atlântica (FA) é uma das cinco áreas mais importantes para a biodiversidade do planeta (“biodiversity hotspot”). Reunimos especialistas de diversas disciplinas (biologia, geologia, engenharia) visando compreender como essa megabiodiversidade evoluiu ao longo do tempo e fornecer informações científicas para a sua conservação. Dentre os resultados obtidos, nós formamos 18 mestres e 26 doutores, publicamos mais de 400 artigos científicos que aumentaram o conhecimento sobre a diversidade biológica e climática da FA e sua dinâmica ao longo do tempo, desenvolvemos novos métodos analíticos, produzimos material de divulgação científica e fornecemos dados para desenvolver políticas públicas de conservação da biodiversidade.

Abstract: We briefly describe selected results from our thematic project focused on the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest (“AF BIOTA”), which was jointly funded by FAPESP’s BIOTA Program, the U.S. National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). As one of the five most important hotspots of biodiversity in the world, the Atlantic Forest (AF) holds less than 16% of its vegetation cover, yet, amongst the hotspots, it still harbors one of the highest numbers of species, including endemics. By gathering specialists across multiple disciplines (biology, geology, engineering), we aimed to understand how this megabiodiversity was built through time, informing biodiversity science and conservation. Among the results, we trained 18 Master’s and 26 Ph.D. students, published more than 400 peer-reviewed papers that improved our knowledge about the forest’s biologic and climatic diversity and dynamics through time, developed new analytical methods, produced outreach videos and articles, and provided data to help define biodiversity conservation policies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1339

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