RESUMO As taxas de aplicação de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) utilizadas na produção agrícola podem substituir a adubação convencional, mas também podem prejudicar atributos físicos do solo pela diminuição do volume de poros, e consequentemente o rendimento e desenvolvimento das culturas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a influência do uso da água residuária de suinocultura como adubação de cobertura na cultura do milho e aveia preta em sequência sobre atributos físicos do solo. Cinco taxas de aplicação (0; 100; 200; 300 e 537 m3ha-1 sendo equivalentes a 0; 11,2; 22,3; 33,5 e 60 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente, baseado na concentração média de N na ARS) foram testadas, com quatro repetições cada. No solo, foram determinados porosidade do solo, densidade, teor de água antes da semeadura do milho e ao final dos ciclos do milho e aveia preta, pelo método do anel volumétrico. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de regressão. Houve redução da macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo quanto maior a taxa de aplicação na cultura do milho. A introdução da aveia preta contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade física do solo e reduziu a compactação na camada superficial de 0-15 cm, para taxas de ARS de100 a 300 m3 ha-1.

ABSTRACT The rate of swine wastewater application (SW) in agricultural production could result in the replacement of chemical fertilizers. However, SW destroys soil physical properties by decreasing pore bulk, which negatively affects both crop yield and development. In this context, this study aimed at monitoring the influence of swine wastewater as a cover fertilizer in maize and black oats in sequence on soil physical properties. Five application rates (0, 100, 200, 300 and 537 m3ha - 1 equivalent to 0, 11.2, 22.3, 33.5 and 60 kg ha-1 N, respectively, based on the average nitrogen concentration in SW) were tested with four replications each. In the studied area, soil porosity, density, and water content, before maize sowing and at the end of the cycles of maize and black oats, were determined by the volumetric ring method. Data were submitted for regression analyses. There was a reduction in the macroporosity and total porosity of the soil when the SW application rate, before maize cultivation, was higher. The introduction of black oats helped to improve the physical quality of the soil and reduced the compaction of the surface layer from 0 to 15 cm and 100 to 300 m3 ha-1 SW rates.

Rapid tests (RTs) can be used as an alternative method for the conventional diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aims to evaluate antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe) RTs under different Brazilian settings. The following three groups were included: GI: viral hepatitis outpatient services; GII: low resource areas; and GIII: crack users and beauticians. Imuno-rápido anti-HBsAg™ and Imuno-rápido anti-HBeAg™ RTs were evaluated and showed specificities greater than 95% in all groups. The sensitivity values to anti-HBs were 50.38%, 51.05% and 46.73% and the sensitivity values to anti-HBe were 76.99%, 10.34% and 11.76% in the GI, GII and GIII groups, respectively. The assays had a low sensitivity and high specificity, which indicated their use for screening in regions endemic for HBV.

ABSTRACT Drug users have been reported to have an increased risk for acquisition of viral hepatitis. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection and usefulness of saliva for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection in alcoholic patients.A total of 90 alcoholic patients were recruited in 2013. HBsAg and anti-HCV were tested in serum and saliva, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were tested in serum using commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIA).Using serum samples, anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs prevalences were 5.6%, 0%, 15.7%, and 29.2%. HBsAg detection in saliva showed 100% of specificity and anti-HCV detection demonstrated 100% of sensitivity and 94.7% of specificity. Low prevalence of HBV and high prevalence of anti-HCV were found and reinforced the recommendation of HBV vaccination to avoid the acute and chronic cases and HCV screening in this group to identify cases for antiviral therapy. Saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection in this population, what could increase the diagnosis access.