Abstract Objective Most deaths in Pediatric Intensive Care Units involve forgoing life-sustaining treatment. Such deaths required carefully planned end-of-life care built on compassion and focused on palliative care measures. This study aims to assess topics related to the end of life care in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units from the perspective of a multidisciplinary team. Method The authors used a tested questionnaire, utilizing Likert-style and open-ended questions. After ethics committee approval, it was sent by email from September to November/2019 to three Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the South and Southeast of Brazil. One unit was exclusively dedicated to oncology patients; the others were mixed units. Results From 144 surveys collected (23% response rate) 136 were analyzed, with 35% physicians, 30% nurses, 21% nurse technicians, and 14% physiotherapists responding. Overall, only 12% reported enough end-of-life care training and 40% reported never having had any, albeit this was not associated with the physician's confidence in forgoing life-sustaining treatment. Furthermore, 60% of physicians and 46% of other professionals were more comfortable with non-escalation than withdrawing therapies, even if this could prolong suffering. All physicians were uncomfortable with palliative extubation; 15% of all professionals have witnessed it. The oncologic team uniquely felt that “resistance from the teams of specialists” was the main barrier to end-of-life care implementation. Conclusion Most professionals felt unprepared to forego life-sustaining treatment. Even for terminally ill patients, withholding is preferred over the withdrawal of treatment. Socio-cultural barriers and the lack of adequate training may be contributing to insecurity in the care of terminally ill patients, diverging from practices in other countries.

ABSTRACT Background: Since 2011, the coasts of North America, Mexico, and the Caribbean have experienced an unusual increase in the arrival of Sargassum. As a consequence of this massive accumulations of Sargassum holopelagic species in Caribbean Sea have been generated and that threaten local biodiversity and trigger economic losses associated with beach deterioration and impact on fisheries and tourism. Goals: This document quantifies the occurrence of an excessive drift of Sargassum in two sites (Puerto Viejo and Punta Uva) of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, Limón province, in March-April of 2019. A macroalgae species checklist is presented from six sites (Punta Cahuita, Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo, Playa Chiquita, Punta Uva and Manzanillo) in the Caribbean. In addition, the Sargassum morphotypes are quantified for the study area. Methods: Transects (50 m) were located parallel to the shoreline and, in points previously estimated, a quadrat of 25 x 25 cm covered the entire Sargassum band width on the beach until the water line, by fliping the quadrats and collecting the biomass for as many quadrats were necessary for the band. Then, pelagic Sargassum biomass was weighted in every point, and the dry weight biomass was estimated. Three quadrats were collected by the transect method. Associated species were identified as well as Sargassum morphotypes in all sites. Results: Descriptions that illustrate the morphology of the three morphotypes of pelagic species. The putatively rare S. natans VIII dominated the dritf (65 % dry weight), followed by S. natans I (25% dry weight), and S. fluitans (10 % dry). Twenty eight species were identified from Chlorophyta (9), Ochrophyta (15), and Rhodophyta (4) Divisions. Conclusions: There were no significant differences between months (March-April) and sites (Puerto Viejo and Punta Uva) for the dritf biomass.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Desde 2011, las costas de América del Norte, México y el Caribe han experimentado un aumento inusual en la llegada de Sargassum de arribazón. Como consecuencia, se han generado acumulaciones masivas de especies holopelágicas del género Sargassum en áreas costeras del Caribe que amenazan la biodiversidad local y desencadenan pérdidas económicas asociadas con el deterioro de las playas y el impacto en la pesca y el turismo. Objetivo: Se cuantifica la presencia de una deriva excesiva de Sargassum en dos sitios (Puerto Viejo y Punta Uva) de la costa caribeña de Costa Rica, provincia de Limón, en los meses de marzo y abril de 2019. Se presenta la lista de especies de macroalgas conspicuas asociadas al fenómeno en seis sitios (Punta Cahuita, Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo, Playa Chiquita, Punta Uva y Manzanillo) en el Caribe. Además, se cuantifican los morfotipos de Sargassum para el área de estudio. Métodos: Se ubicaron transectos (50 m) paralelos a la línea de costa y, en puntos previamente estimados, un cuadrante de 25 x 25 cm cubrió todo el ancho de banda de Sargassum en la playa hasta la línea de flotación, volteando los cuadrantes y recolectando la biomasa para tantos cuadrantes como fueron necesarios para la cubrir la zona arribada. Luego, se pesó la biomasa pelágica de Sargassum en cada punto, y se estimó la biomasa en peso seco. Se recolectaron tres cuadrantes mediante el método de transectos. Se identificaron especies asociadas, así como morfotipos de Sargassum en todos los sitios. Resultados: se presenta la morfología de los tres morfotipos de especies pelágicas. El supuestamente raro S. natans VIII dominó el arribo de algas (65% de peso seco), seguido por S. natans I (25% de peso seco), S. fluitans (10% de peso seco). Se identificaron 28 especies de las Divisiones: Chlorophyta (9), Ochrophyta (15) y Rhodophyta (4). Conclusiones: No existen diferencias significativas entre meses (marzo-abril) y sitios (Puerto Viejo y Punta Uva) para la biomasa arribada.

Resumen Cada año, a nivel global, mueren miles de millones de aves al colisionar contra ventanas. A pesar de ello, pocos registros documentan colisiones aves-ventanas en zonas altamente diversas en el Neotrópico. En este estudio, nosotros documentamos especies que colisionaron en ventanas en Monteverde, Costa Rica y describimos su estatus ecológico y de conservación. Nosotros obtuvimos información de distintas fuentes, incluyendo datos de registros de museos y de observaciones de residentes de Monteverde que participaron como “científicos ciudadanos” entre mayo 2014 y diciembre 2017. Nosotros realizamos búsquedas de cuerpos de aves entre marzo del 2015 y febrero 2016. Clasificamos especies que hubieran golpeado de acuerdo a su estatus de migración, dependencia del bosque, gremio alimentario, peso, abundancia, endemismo y de conservación. Nosotros registramos 103 especies que habían golpeado ventanas en Monteverde (98 de 267 especies documentadas en tres zonas de vida y cinco no registradas en el área). Muchas especies víctima de colisiones se caracterizan por ser residentes, pequeños, insectívoros, considerados comunes o bastante comunes, con poblaciones decrecientes. Las familias más representadas son Parulidae (14 spp.), Trochilidae (13 spp.), Turdidae (10 spp.) y Tyrannidae (9 spp.). La mayoría de las especies son paseriformes (Orden Passeriformes) (71 spp.). Ni gavilanes ni zopilotes golpearon en edificios durante nuestro estudio. Las tres especies más comúnmente muertas por ventanas fueron el Zorzal de Swainson (Catharus ustulatus), el tucancillo verde (Aulacorhynchu sprasinus) y el jilguero (Myadestes melanops). Entre las especies afectadas cinco especies tienen estatus de Casi Amenazadas y una Vulnerable según la Lista Roja de la UICN, incluyendo el Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) y los pájaros campana (Procnias tricarunculatus). Cinco especies están en lista de peligro de extinción y cuatro con poblaciones reducidas según la lista del Sistema Nacional de Áreas de conservación de Costa Rica (SINAC). 12 especies endémicas fueron víctimas de colisiones. El bosque premontano húmedo es la zona de vida donde más especies fueron encontradas (n = 64 spp.), seguidos por el bosque premontano muy húmedo y el bosque muy húmedo montano bajo (n = 31 spp.). Estos hallazgos demuestran la urgente necesidad de implementar medidas de conservación para mitigar la mortalidad de las aves originada por colisión contra ventanas. El aplicar métodos para proteger a las aves de las ventanas debe ser una importante meta para esta AICA así como para el resto de Costa Rica. Recomendamos desarrollar acciones educativas, legales y continuar recolectando información, tanto en Monteverde como en otras áreas de Costa Rica para aumentar el conocimiento acerca de la colisión de aves con ventanas.

Abstract Worldwide, billions of birds die annually due to window collisions. Nevertheless, few accounts document bird-window collisions in the Neotropics. In this study, we document species that collided with windows in Monteverde, Costa Rica, and describe their ecological and conservation status. We gathered information from different sources, including data from museum records and accounts by Monteverde residents who participated as “citizen scientists” between May 2014 and December 2017. We conducted carcass searches between March 2015 and February 2016. We classified window-strike species by migratory, forest dependence, trophic guild, weight, abundance, conservation, and endemism status. We registered 103 species striking windows in Monteverde, which includes 98 of 267 species known to occur in three life zones in Monteverde and five not registered in the area. Window strike casualties’ frequencies differed by species, trophic guild and migratory status. Most window victims were residents, small, insectivorous, considered common or fairly common, with declining population trends. The families with the most species represented were Parulidae (14 spp.), Trochilidae (13 spp.), Turdidae (10 spp.), and Tyrannidae (9 spp.). Most species were passerines (Order Passeriformes) (71 spp.). No hawks or vultures were found colliding with buildings. The three species most commonly killed by windows were frugivores: Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Northern Emerald-Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), and Black-faced Solitaire (Myadestes melanops). Among window-kills were five species whose status on the IUCN Red List are Near Threatened and one Vulnerable, including the Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) and the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus). Six species are listed as in danger of extinction and four are listed as species with reduced populations by the National System of Conservation Areas for Costa Rica (SINAC). 12 endemic species are strike casualties. The premontane wet forest is the life zone where more species were found (n=64 spp.), followed by the premontane moist forest (n = 49 spp.) and the lower montane wet forest (n = 31 spp.). These findings demonstrate the urgent need for conservation measures to mitigate bird mortality due to window collisions. Promoting use of methods to protect birds from windows should be an important goal for this IBA and the rest of Costa Rica. We also recommend collecting data in order to increase understanding about bird window collisions.

Abstract: Sustainability science proposes including in research and actions knowledge and management techniques constructed by different sectors of the society. Such proposal recognizes that complexity of environmental problems exceeds approaches and rhythms of the predominant scientific research and provides the possibility of shortening time for action, making use of integral human experience. This work reviews a panorama of our work on: 1) participative-action research, 2) educational processes for participation, and 3) institutional processes of communication and participation. We address socio-ecological studies based on participative-actions involving technological innovation and exchange of technical and organizational experiences for solving environmental problems in Valle de Tehuacán, Sierra Tarahumara, Montaña de Guerrero, and the southern coast of Jalisco, emphasizing the construction of alternatives. We also show our experiences of participative research with students of graduate programs and the Environmental Sciences undergraduate program at UNAM. In both cases, we direct our studies on real environmental problems in rural contexts collaborating with NGOs and communities. We finally summarize our view on proposals of institutional linking of the Institute of Research on Ecosystems and Sustainability (IIES) for assessing environmental problems along with ecosystem managers and decision makers. We discuss the importance of strengthening participative processes as a platform for enhancing the academic collaboration for constructing sustainable socio-ecological perspectives.

Resumen: La ciencia para la sustentabilidad plantea incluir en investigaciones y acciones los conocimientos y técnicas desarrollados por diversos sectores de la sociedad. Esta propuesta reconoce que la complejidad de los problemas ambientales rebasa los enfoques y ritmos de la investigación científica predominante y brinda la posibilidad de acortar tiempos para la acción, aprovechando integralmente la experiencia humana. Presentamos un panorama de nuestro trabajo en: 1) investigación participativa, 2) procesos educativos para la participación y 3) procesos institucionales de comunicación y participación. Se abordan estudios socioecológicos participativos que involucran innovación tecnológica e intercambios de experiencias técnicas y organizativas para atender problemas ambientales en el valle de Tehuacán, la sierra Tarahumara, la montaña de Guerrero y la costa sur de Jalisco, poniendo énfasis en la construcción de alternativas. Se muestra la experiencia de prácticas de investigación de alumnos de posgrado y de la licenciatura en Ciencias Ambientales, UNAM. Ambos programas abordan problemas concretos en comunidades rurales en colaboración con organizaciones civiles y sociales, y comunidades. Se resumen las propuestas de vinculación institucional del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES) para atender problemas ambientales con manejadores de ecosistemas y tomadores de decisiones. Se discute la importancia de fortalecer procesos participativos como base para impulsar la colaboración académica en la construcción de perspectivas socioecológicas sustentables.

El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que los derivados¹ de clima pueden ser empleados como una forma de cobertura o seguro agrícola contra eventos específicos inesperados de clima en un mercado incompleto.² La transferencia del riesgo al mercado es una manera efectiva de cubrirse frente a riesgos de diversa naturaleza. Se examina un modelo analítico, así como la valoración pricing de derivados de clima en la región j en Colombia. Se utilizarán datos históricos de la región antes mencionada, para evaluar la relación entre la productividad agrícola de los productos Pr x, Pr y, Pr z y eventos de clima específicos de clima R lluvia o precipitación y H temperatura. Posteriormente, se examinan una variedad de opciones de compra y venta call y put basados en riesgos climáticos de calor y lluvia para evaluarlos teóricamente. Este estudio profundiza específicamente sobre el modelo analítico, para escuchar reacciones de los gremios y de la academia. El presente estudio se enmarca en el campo de las finanzas sobre riesgo y clima. El primer documento se presentó en el Simposio Internacional de Costa Rica a principios de 2009, donde obtuvo premio en su sesión por mejor artículo y se incluyó los lineamientos conceptuales, para construir un modelo de valoración de un derivado de clima (Cruz, J. y Vargas, C. 2008). Aquí, como se dijo, se hace una especificación analítica y al nivel de modelo, con una innovación respecto al modelo que se presentó inicialmente.

The purpose of the present article is to prove that climate by-products can be used as agricultural insurance protection against climate unexpected, particular events in an incomplete market. Transferring risk to the market is an effective way of having protection when facing risks of diverse nature. An analytical model, as well as climate by-product pricing in the j region of Colombia, has been examined. Historical data of the region above mentioned in order to evaluate the relationship between agricultural productivity of Pr x, Pr y, Prz products and specific climate events such as R -rain or atmospheric precipitation- and H -temperature. Later on, a variety of call and put options will be considered based on heat and rain climatic risks in order to evaluate them theoretically. This paper thoroughly and particularly studies the analytical model in order to listen to the response from labor federations and academic groups. The present study has been framed within the field of risk and climate. The first document was presented at the International Symposium of Costa Rica in early 2009, where it obtained first place as best article in its session. At the time, conceptual guidelines were included to build an evaluation model for a climate by-product (Cruz, J. and Vargas, C. 2008). As mentioned earlier, this paper contains an analytical specification at model level, including an innovation to the model presented initially.

Le propos de cet article est de démontrer que les dérivés climatiques peuvent être utilisés comme un mécanisme, une assurance agricole, pour se prémunir contre des manifestations spécifiques inattendues du climat dans un marché incomplet. Le transfert du risque au marché est une manière effective de se protéger face aux risques de diverses natures. On étudie un modèle analytique, ainsi que le coût -pricing- des dérivés climatiques dans une région j en Colombie. On utilise des relevés historiques de la région mentionnée pour évaluer la relation entre la productivité agricole des produits Pr x, Pr y et les manifestations particulières du climat R -précipitations- et H -température. Est étudiée ensuite une variété d'options d'achat et vente -call and put- basées sur les risques climatiques de chaleur et pluies pour les évaluer théoriquement. Cette étude approfondit en particulier le modèle analytique pour écouter les réactions des corporations et de l'université. Cette présente étude se situe dans le domaine des financements sur le risque et le climat. Le premier document a été présenté au Symposium international du Costa Rica début 2009, où il a obtenu un prix comme meilleur article et a été inclus aux lignes conceptuelles, pour construire un modèle d'évaluation des coûts d'un dérivé climatique (Cruz, J. et Vargas, C., 2008). Dans le cas présent, il s'agit d'une spécification analytique et de l'introduction d'une innovation par rapport au modèle présenté initialement.

The aim of this study is testing black grape juice as a radiomodifier against whole body X-irradiation using an animal model. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into four groups where two were irradiated by X-rays from a 200 kV machine specially designed to biological samples. Animals were fed ad libitum and drank voluntarily 2-10 ml a day of grape juice or placebo (isocaloric glucose and fructose solution) for one week before and two weeks after 6 Gy X-irradiation when they were sacrificed. Results have shown a significant liver weight loss in irradiated placebo group only while grape juice one has presented no losses. Hematological analysis showed typical abnormalities for ionizing radiation exposure, including early leucopenia and anemia. The intake of grape juice induced an increase in granulocyte percent count.

El propósito de este estudio fue comprobar el efecto radiomodificador del mosto tinto de uva frente a irradiación de cuerpo entero con rayos X usando un modelo animal. Dieciséis ratas macho de raza Wistar fueron irradiadas mediante un aparato de 200 kV diseñado específicamente para muestras biológicas. Los animales fueron alimentados ad libitum y bebieron cada dia voluntariamente entre 2 y 10 ml de mosto de uva o placebo (solución isocalórica de glucosa y fructosa) durante una semana antes y dos semanas después de irradiación con rayos X a una dosis de 6 Gy, momento en que fueron sacrificadas. Los resultados mostraron una pérdida significativa de peso hepático en los animales irradiados tratados con placebo, mientras que los tratados con mosto presentaron valores similares a los controles no irradiados. El análisis hematológico presentó las anomalías típicas de la exposición a radiación ionizante, con disminución leucocitaria temprana y anemia. La ingestión de mosto de uva indujo un aumento del porcentaje de granulocitos.

Apresenta-se o estudo do efeito nas propriedades mecânicas de um novo grau de metal duro, em resultado do aumento da pressão de árgon aplicada num tratamento de pós-sinterização. O material foi previamente sinterizado a 1460ºC, à pressão de árgon de 2 MPa, a partir de misturas de pós de WC conjuntamente com 3,5 %p de Co e pequenas adições de VC, grafite e um lubrificante adequado à prensagem. Registou-se um aumento significativo da resistência à flexão de » 1500 MPa para » 3000 MPa quando se aumentou a pressão de árgon de 3 para 100 MPa, ao mesmo tempo que a dureza (HV30»2000) e a tenacidade à fractura (»8 MN.m-3/2) permaneceram praticamente inalteradas. Estudos microestruturais e de análise de fractura revelaram que este comportamento se deve fundamentalmente à diminuição da quantidade e do tamanho dos defeitos críticos (nomeadamente, poros e inclusões metálicas). Além disso, observou-se que a fractura ocorre devido a defeitos intrínsecos e não a defeitos de superfície, o que sugere que o acabamento de superfície aplicado não afecta a medida da resistência à flexão. Constata-se que a prensagem isostática a quente é uma técnica adequada para a obtenção de compósitos de WC-3,5%p Co com tamanho de grão submicrométrico, verificando-se que a diminuição do teor da porosidade residual provoca um notável aumento da resistência à flexão.

In this work, the effect of increasing argon pressure applied on a post-sintering treatment from 3 MPa to 100 MPa on the mechanical properties of a newly developed hardmetal grade, namely, hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness, is reported. The as-received material has been previously sintered at 1460ºC under 2 MPa argon pressure from powder mixtures of WC and 3.5 wt% Co together with minor additions of VC, graphite and a pressing lubricant. By increasing the argon pressure, a significant increase in flexural strength from » 1500 MPa to » 3000 MPa was observed, whilst hardness (HV30»2000) and fracture toughness (»8 MN.m-3/2) remained practically unchanged. Both microstructural and fractographic studies revealed that this is mainly attributed to a decrease in the amount and size of microstructural defects (namely, pores and metallic inclusions). Furthermore, fracture has been found to occur mainly by intrinsic (bulk) defects rather than surface-related ones, suggesting that surface finishing did not affect flexural strength measurements. Hot isostatic pressing has been successfully used to consolidate WC-3.5wt% Co composites with submicron WC grains size confirming that porosity reduction results in flexural strength improvement.

Phytochemical investigation from leaves of the Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of kaempferol-3-O-α-L-(4"-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-(4"-Z-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnoside, squalene, phytol, lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, sitosterol, sitostenone, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ursolic and oleanolic acids. The structures of the compounds were identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, mass and UV spectrometry and comparison with literature data.

Os autores observam que após a inactivação de sôro de cobaya a 54° durante 30 minutos permanecem no sôro as fracções thermolabeis em quantidade apreciavel; um tal sôro conservado na temperatura de 6°, por espaço de 18 horas, regenera parte da sua actividade alexica perdida. 2° Confirma-se a existencia de 4 componentes do complemento. 3° O chamado terceiro componente de Ritz e Coca é na verdade constituidos por dois elementos, pelos menos, differentes: um destructivel pelo formol e outro destructivel pelo hydrosulphito de sodio. 4° A ammonia, o formol e o hydrosulpito de sodio são capazes de destruir os constituintes thermoresistentes da alexina do sôro inactivado a 56° 30 minutos, ao passo que as emulsões de levedos, de orgãos ou de gelose não o são. 5° As emulsões de levedo addicionadas a uma mistura em partes eguaes de sôro fresco de cobaya e de sôro aquecido a 56°, 30 m., são capazes de retirar não só o terceiro componente contido no sôro fresco da mistura, mas tambem o terceiro componente contido no sôro inactivado pelo calor. 6° Sem excluir a hypothese de uma floculação em que o sôro aquecido exerça o papel de um colloide protector, os autores admittem que a inactivação do complemento pelas emulsões de levedo ou pela gelose seja devida a substancias thermolabeis, do sôro, depois de adsorpção por essas emulsões, de substancias anti-tripticas. 7° Os diversos elementos que constituem a alexina são adsorvidos pelos globulos sensibilizados na seguinte ordem: Globulos-sensibilizadora-Fracção thermo-resistente sensivel á ammonia-Fracção thermolabil Globulina-Fracção thermolabil albumina-Fracção thermoresistente sensivel ao formol-Fracção thermoresistente sensivel ao hydrosulphito de sodio. 8° Na reacção de Bordet-Wassermann fortemente positiva é fixada sobretudo a fracção globulina thermolabil do complemento e não sómente o terceiro componente como seria licito esperar; a fracção thermolabil albumina permanece de regra livre e activa no liquido. 9° Os autores acham que se deve considerar como demonstrada a origem hepatica da alexina. Segundo experiencias procedidas em cães intoxicados pelo chloroformio não só baixa consideravelmente o titulo alexico global do sôro mas tambem os titulos, de todos os constituintes da alexina separadamente, soffrem, com a excepção da fracção thermolabil globulina, uma reducção muito accentuada.

1) The writers state that after the inactivation of fresh Guinea pig'serum at 54°C, for 30 minutes, this serum keeps the thermolable fractions in noticeable quantities. Such serum if mantained at 6°C. for 18 hours, reacquires part of the lost alexic activity. 2) The Ritz's, and Coca's 3rd component is formed at least by distinct elements, one sensible to tje action of formaline and the other to the action of sodium hydrosulphite. 4) Ammonia, formaline and sodium hydrosulphite are able to destroy the thermostable components of the serum inactivated by heat (56°C., 30 minutes). The emulsions of yeast, organs and gelose are not able to do so. 5) The yeats emulsions added to a mixture o equal parts of G. p. fresh serum and serum inactivated by heat are capable to destroy the 3rd component present not only in the fresh serum as also in the inactivated one. 6) The writers do not exclude the hypothesis of a flocculation in which the inactivated serum exerts the rôle of a protector colloid, but they believe that the inactivation of the complement by yeast emulsions is due to the action of thermolable substances of fresh serum after the adsorption of antitriptic substances by said emulsions. 7) The different components which form the alexin adhere to the sensitized blood cells in the following order: Blood cells-sensitizer-Thermostable fraction sensible to ammonia -Thermolable globulin fraction - Thermolable albumin fraction - Thermostable fraction sensible to formaline and thermostable fraction sensible to sodium hydrosulphite. 8) In the Bordet-Wassermann's reaction, stark positive, is fixated especially the thermolable globulin fraction and not only the 3rd component as it could be supposed. The thermolable albumin fraction remains free and active in the fluid. 9) The writers think that the hepatic origin of the alexin must be accepted. According to experiments on dogs intoxicated by chloroform one observes not only the diminution of the alexic activity but also the decrease of all components of the alexin, with, perhaps, the exception of the thermolable globulin fraction.