RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) e seus componentes em adolescentes brasileiros. Fontes de dados: Realizaram-se buscas nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) por estudos transversais originais publicados entre 2010 e 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram determinados pelo Mnemônico CoCoPop — Condição, Contexto e População: estudos que determinam a prevalência de SM e seus componentes (condição) na população geral de adolescentes brasileiros, feminino e masculino (população), matriculados em escolas públicas ou privadas em áreas rurais ou urbanas (contexto). Revisões, editoriais, artigos não relacionados com a prevalência de SM ou que incluíssem grupos etários não adolescentes ou com condições de saúde específicas (obesidade/sobrepeso e outros) foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Quinze estudos, com 43.227 adolescentes, foram identificados. A prevalência de SM (intervalo de confiança — IC95%) no sexo masculino foi de 2,9% (2,65–3,18) e no feminino foi de 2,4% (1,90–2,90) (p<0,001), pelos critérios da Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF). Houve diferença significativa na prevalência de SM entre regiões brasileiras (Q=24,7; p<0,001). A menor prevalência de SM (IC95%) foi encontrada em região Norte, com 1,8% (1,52–2,13), e a maior na região Nordeste, com 2,9% (2,62–3,23). Em relação aos componentes da SM, maior prevalência (IC95%) foi encontrada para lipoproteína de baixa densidade (HDL) baixa (22,1%, 12,49–36,17), seguida de obesidade abdominal (11,0%, 8,05–14,94) e hipertensão arterial (10,3%, 7,84–13,48). Conclusões: Este estudo permitiu determinar a prevalência da SM e seus componentes em adolescentes brasileiros, destacando aspectos relevantes a serem abordados na gestão da saúde pública.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among Brazilian adolescents. Data source: Databases, such as LILACS, MEDLINE, and SciELO, were searched for original cross-sectional studies published between 2010 and 2021. The inclusion criteria were determined based on the mnemonic CoCoPop — Condition, Context, and Population: studies determining the prevalence of MS and its components (condition) in the general population of Brazilian adolescents, female and male (population), enrolled in public or private schools in rural or urban areas (context). Reviews, editorials, and articles that did not directly relate to the prevalence of MS or that included non-adolescent age groups or groups with specific health conditions (obesity/overweight and others) were excluded. Data synthesis: A total of 15 studies, including 43,227 adolescents, were identified. MS prevalence (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) was 2.9% (2.65–3.18) and 2.4% (1.90–2.90) (p<0.001) in males and females, respectively, by using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. There was a significant difference in MS prevalence among Brazilian regions (Q=24.7; p<0.001). The lowest MS prevalence (95%CI) was determined for North Region of Brazil, 1.8% (1.52–2.13), and the highest for Northeast Region of Brazil, 2.9% (2.62–3.23). Regarding MS components, a higher prevalence (95%CI) was found for low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 22.1% (12.49–36.17), followed by abdominal obesity, 11.0% (8.05–14.94), and arterial hypertension, 10.3% (7.84–13.48). Conclusions: This study allowed the determination of the prevalence of MS and the MS components in Brazilian adolescents, highlighting relevant aspects to be addressed on public health management.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the association between calcium and phosphorus parameters with serum parathormone concentrations in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. It is descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of 50 individuals distributed in: group with up to 5 years of hemodialysis and group with more than 5 years of hemodialysis. Food consumption was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Descriptive analysis of quantitative variables was presented as mean and standard deviation. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program; Student “T” test, Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were used, with significance level p <0.05. The groups presented adequate serum calcium concentrations and high concentrations of phosphorus and parathormone. Patients with more than 5 years of hemodialysis had a statistically higher serum parathormone level (p= 0.034); there was an association between longer hemodialysis time and higher serum phosphorus concentrations (p= 0.039). There was a moderate positive correlation between serum parathormone and phosphorus in the group with up to 5 years of hemodialysis (p= 0.012). It was concluded that the progression of CKD increases serum phosphorus and parathormone concentrations, reflecting the pathophysiological events and altered metabolic demand inherent to the pathology.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la asociación de los parámetros de calcio y fósforo con las concentraciones séricas de parathormona en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en hemodiálisis. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 individuos distribuidos en: grupo con hasta 5 años en hemodiálisis y grupo con más de 5 años en hemodiálisis. El consumo de alimentos se evaluó mediante el recordatorio de 24 horas. El análisis descriptivo de las variables cuantitativas se presentó como media y desviación estándar de la media. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS; Se utilizó la prueba “T” de Student, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, con un nivel de significancia de p <0.05. Los grupos mostraron concentraciones adecuadas de calcio sérico y altas concentraciones de fósforo y parathormona. Los pacientes con más de 5 años de hemodiálisis tenían un nivel de parathormona sérica estadísticamente más alto (p= 0,034); hubo una asociación entre un mayor tiempo de hemodiálisis y mayores concentraciones de fósforo sérico (p= 0,039). Hubo una correlación positiva moderada entre parathormona sérica y fósforo en el grupo con hasta 5 años de hemodiálisis (p= 0.012). Se concluyó que la progresión de la ERC aumenta las concentraciones séricas de fósforo y parathormona, reflejando los eventos fisiopatológicos y alteración de la demanda metabólica inherente a la patología.

ABSTRACT Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether low magnesium concentration is related to increased cardiovascular risk in obese women. Methods: This case-control study included women, who were divided into two groups: case (BMI>35 kg/m2) and control group (18.5>BMI>24.9 kg/m2). Body weight, height, waist, neck and hip circumference were measured according to the methodology described by the Ministry of Health. The analyses of plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary magnesium concentrations were performed using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry method. The lipid fractions were analyzed according to the enzymatic colorimetric method using a Cobas Integra automatic biochemical analyzer. Results: Mean plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were lower in the obese women compared to the control group (p<0.05). The urinary excretion of this mineral showed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05), and the obese women excreted a higher amount of magnesium in the urine. With regard to the cardiovascular risk parameters, obese women demonstrated higher values compared to the control group (p<0.05). The study showed a negative correlation between erythrocyte magnesium and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that obese women exhibit changes in nutritional status with regard to magnesium, with reduced concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes, and increased concentration in the urine. However, the results do not suggest a role of magnesium in protection against cardiovascular risk factors in the patients evaluated in this study.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si una concentración baja de magnesio está relacionada con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres obesas. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles incluyó mujeres, que se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo de casos (IMC>35 kg/m2) y control (18,5>IMC>24,9 kg/m2). El peso corporal, la altura, la cintura, la circunferencia del cuello y la cadera se midieron según la metodología descrita por el Ministerio de Salud. Los análisis de las concentraciones de magnesio en plasma, eritrocitos y orina se realizaron utilizando el método de espectrometría de emisión óptica de plasma acoplado inductivamente. Las fracciones lipídicas se analizaron según el método colorimétrico enzimático utilizando un analizador bioquímico automático Cobas Integra. Resultados: Las concentraciones medias de magnesio en plasma y eritrocitos fueron menores en las mujeres obesas en comparación con el grupo de control (p<0.05). La excreción urinaria de este mineral mostró una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (p<0.05), y las mujeres obesas excretaron una mayor cantidad de magnesio en la orina. En cuanto a los parámetros de riesgo cardiovascular, las mujeres obesas mostraron valores más altos en comparación con el grupo control (p<0,05). El estudio mostró una correlación negativa entre el magnesio de los eritrocitos y la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en el grupo de control (p<0,05). Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que las mujeres obesas presentan cambios en el estado nutricional con respecto al magnesio, con concentraciones reducidas en el plasma y eritrocitos, y concentración aumentada en la orina. Sin embargo, los resultados no sugieren un papel del magnesio en la protección contra los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes evaluados en este estudio.

Introduction: The relationship between diet and health has aroused scientific interest, especially the consumption of antioxidant nutrients naturally present in foods, because of its action against the deleterious effects of free radicals in the body. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and its relationship with lipid profile and oxidative stress in student users of a university restaurant in comparison with non-users. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 145 university students divided into two groups: users of the university restaurant (group 1, n = 73) and non-users (group 2, n = 72). We measured body mass index and waist circumference, and estimated the intake of antioxidant micronutrients. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde were determined. Results and conclusion: Intake of copper, zinc, selenium, and vitamin C were within the recommendations in both groups, and vitamins A and E were below the reference values. There was a correlation between the intake of vitamin C and triglycerides. Group 1 members had better dietary patterns in relation to antioxidant micronutrients, reflecting less atherogenic lipid profile and lower exposure to oxidative stress compared to group 2.

Introducción: la relación entre la dieta y la salud ha despertado interés científico, especialmente en lo referente al consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes presentes de forma natural en los alimentos, debido a su acción contra los efectos nocivos de los radicales libres en el cuerpo. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la ingesta de nutrientes antioxidantes y su relación con el perfil lipídico y el estrés oxidativo en estudiantes usuarios de un restaurante universitario, en comparación con los no usuarios. Métodos: este es un estudio transversal que incluye 145 estudiantes universitarios, divididos en dos grupos: los usuarios del restaurante universitario (grupo 1, n = 73) y no usuarios (grupo 2, n = 72). Fueron medidos el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura, y se estimó la ingesta de micronutrientes antioxidantes. Se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de colesterol total, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad, los niveles de triglicéridos y las concentraciones plasmáticas de malondialdehído. Resultados y conclusiones: la ingesta de cobre, zinc, selenio y la vitamina C se encontraba dentro de las recomendaciones de los dos grupos, y la de vitaminas A y E estaba por debajo de los valores de referencia. Hubo una correlación entre el consumo de vitamina C y los triglicéridos. Miembros del grupo 1 mostraron mejores patrones dietéticos en relación con micronutrientes antioxidantes, lo que refleja menos perfil lipídico aterogénico y una menor exposición al estrés oxidativo en comparación con el grupo 2.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre a sensibilidade gustativa, a preferência pelos sabores doce e salgado e o estado nutricional de adolescentes em escolas públicas. Métodos Estudo de natureza transversal, envolvendo 1.036 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. A preferência pelos sabores doce e salgado e por alimentos ricos em açúcar ou sódio foi avaliada. Medidas do índice de massa corporal e testes de reconhecimento de gosto-intensidade foram conduzidos. Resultados A maioria dos participantes foi incapaz de identificar os sabores e/ou intensidades e somente 18,0% dos participantes foram capazes de identificar corretamente o sabor e intensidade das amostras. A maioria dos participantes (82,1%) preferiram alimentos doces e tiveram baixa sensibilidade a esse gosto, bem como uma grande proporção de indivíduos que preferem salgado (82,3%) eram menos sensíveis ao sal (p<0,001). A preferência pelo gosto salgado foi associada com excesso de peso. Conclusão Foi encontrada uma associação entre a preferência pelos sabores doce e salgado e o estado nutricional, destacando a importância de escolhas alimentares pobres no desenvolvimento de obesidade e outras doenças crônicas.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, preference for sweet and salty flavours, and nutritional status of adolescents in public schools. Methods We used a cross-sectional study involving 1,036 adolescents of both sexes, aged 10-19 years. Preference for sweet or salty flavours and preference for foods high in sugar or sodium were evaluated. Measurements of body mass index and taste flavour intensity recognition were conducted. Results Most participants were unable to identify the flavours and/or intensities, and only 18.0% of participants were able to correctly identify both the flavour and intensity of the samples. Most participants (82.1%) preferring sweet foods had low sensitivity to this taste, just as a large proportion of individuals preferring saltiness (82.3%) were less sensitive to salt (p<0.001). Preference for saltiness was associated with pre-obesity. Conclusion We found an association between a preference for sweet or salty flavours and nutritional status, highlighting the importance of poor food choices in the development of obesity and other chronic diseases.

Resumo Introdução: O acúmulo de gordura visceral na obesidade está associado à produção excessiva de adipocinas pró-inflamatórias, o que contribui para o estado de inflamação crônica de baixo grau. A literatura também tem mostrado que a deficiência de minerais, em particular do magnésio, possui papel importante na patogênese desse distúrbio metabólico com repercussões clínicas relevantes. Objetivo: Trazer informações atualizadas sobre a participação da hipomagnesemia na inflamação crônica de baixo grau em indivíduos obesos. Método: Bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO, Lilacs e ScienceDirect, utilizando as palavras-chave: "obesity", "magnesium" e "low grade inflammation". Resultados: As evidências científicas sugerem que a deficiência de magnésio favorece a manifestação da inflamação crônica de baixo grau em indivíduos obesos. Conclusão: É evidente a participação do magnésio, por meio de reações bioquímicas e metabólicas, na proteção contra esse distúrbio metabólico presente na obesidade.

Summary Introduction: The accumulation of visceral fat in obesity is associated with excessive production of proinflammatory adipokines, which contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation state. Moreover, the literature has shown that mineral deficiency, in particular of magnesium, has important role in the pathogenesis of this metabolic disorder with relevant clinical repercussions. Objective: To bring updated information about the participation of hypomagnesemia in the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese individuals. Method: Articles published in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect, using the following keywords: "obesity," "magnesium" and "low grade inflammation." Results: Scientific evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency favors the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese subjects. Conclusion: From literature data, it is evident the participation of magnesium through biochemical and metabolic reactions in protecting against this metabolic disorder present in obesity.

Resumo O zinco é componente catalítico de proteínas que regulam respostas a danos no DNA, enzimas de sinalização intracelular e metaloproteinases de matriz, proteínas importantes na carcinogênese. O objetivo desta revisão é trazer informações atualizadas sobre a participação do zinco e das metaloproteinases de matriz dos tipos 2 e 9 em mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese do câncer de mama. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico, mediante consulta às bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs. O zinco e os resíduos de cisteína são elementos estruturais compartilhados por todos os membros da família das metaloproteinases de matriz, as quais parecem estar envolvidas na propagação de vários tipos de neoplasias, incluindo o câncer de mama. Além disso, é provável que o zinco transportado seja utilizado para metalação do domínio catalítico das metaloproteinases recentemente sintetizadas antes de serem segregadas. Nesse sentido, o aumento das concentrações de zinco em compartimentos celulares e a redução desse oligoelemento no sangue de pacientes com câncer de mama parecem alterar a atividade das metaloproteinases 2 e 9, contribuindo para a ocorrência de tumor maligno. Assim, faz-se necessária a realização de novos estudos na perspectiva de esclarecer o papel do zinco e das metaloproteinases 2 e 9 na patogênese do câncer de mama.

Summary Zinc is the catalytic component of proteins that regulate responses to DNA damage, intracellular signaling enzymes, and matrix metalloproteinases, which are important proteins in carcinogenesis. The objective of this review is to bring current information on the participation of zinc and matrix metalloproteinases types 2 and 9 in mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We conducted a literature review, in consultation with the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases. The zinc and cysteine residues are structural elements shared by all members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, and these proteins appear to be involved in the propagation of various types of neoplasms, including breast cancer. Moreover, transported zinc is likely to be used for the metalation of the catalytic domain of the newly synthesized metalloproteinases before the latter are secreted. Accordingly, increase in zinc concentrations in cellular compartments and the reduction of this trace element in the blood of patients with breast cancer appear to alter the activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9, contributing to the occurrence of malignancy. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further studies with a view to clarify the role of zinc and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Introduction: there is high prevalence of overweight and poor food habits among adolescents, and these factors contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to reduce the consumption of high-calorie foods in public school children in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Materials and methods: quasi-experimental, randomized, quantitative intervention study involving adolescents (n = 126) of both sexes aged 10-14 years. An educational intervention, which involved 9 weekly meetings, was developed. A questionnaire was completed prior and subsequent to the intervention. Associations between variables were examined using a chi-square test (x²). Results and discussion: there was a significant reduction in the consumption of soft drinks and processed juices subsequent to the educational intervention (p = 0.007). It has further reduction in weekly consumption of food like meat and sausage (p = 0.072). Adolescents' weekly consumption of fried foods and potato chips also decreased significantly subsequent to the educational intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the food and nutrition educational program was efficacious in reducing the adolescents' intake of high-calorie food and drinks and contributed to an improvement in the quality of food consumed by the schoolchildren evaluated.

Introdución: existe una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y hábitos alimentarios pobres entre los adolescentes, y estos factores contribuyen al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa diseñada para reducir el consumo de alimentos con alto contenido calórico en los niños de las escuelas públicas en Teresina, Piauí (Brasil). Material y métodos: estudio cuasi-experimental, aleatorizados y de intervención cuantitativo realizado con adolescentes (n = 126), con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 14 años, de ambos sexos. La intervención educativa se desarrolló durante nueve semanas, con reuniones semanales. Se realizó una encuesta previa y posterior a la intervención. Las asociaciones entre las variables fueron examinadas usando una prueba de chi-cuadrado (x²). Resultados: se observó una reducción significativa en el consumo de refrescos y jugos procesados posterior a la intervención educativa (p = 0,007). Tiene una mayor reducción en el consumo semanal de alimentos embutidos (p = 0,072). El consumo semanal de los adolescentes de alimentos fritos y patatas fritas también se redujo significativamente después de la intervención educativa (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: el programa educativo de alimentación y nutrición fue eficaz en la reducción de la ingesta de alimentos altos en calorías y bebidas de los adolescentes, lo cual contribuyó a una mejora en la calidad de los alimentos consumidos por los niños de las escuelas evaluadas.

Introduction: Ulcerative rectocolitis is characterized by diffuse mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, the organism activates the antioxidant defence system in an attempt to reduce the excessive production of reactive oxygen species or neutralize them. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of zinc supplementation on the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with ulcerative rectocolitis. Methods: The study included 24 patients, aged between 20 and 59 years and diagnosed with ulcerative rectocolitis, in the remission stage of the disease, who were divided into two groups: experimental - deficient in zinc (n=12) and control - normal or high zinc (n=12). Only the first group underwent supplement intervention, in the form of zinc gluconate (30 mg Zn/day), taken daily in the morning, fasted for 60 days. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The erythrocyte SOD activity was determined in vitro according to the methodology recommended by the manufacturer Randox. Results and Discussion: Zinc supplementation caused a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of the mineral, and showed a significant reduction in erythrocyte zinc, remaining within normal limits. The SOD activity was high in patients of both the experimental and control groups, with no difference after supplementation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that zinc supplementation improves the homeostatic condition of the mineral, with no change in SOD activity, as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with ulcerative rectocolitis.

O tecido adiposo branco (WAT) é considerado um órgão endócrino, que, em excesso, é capaz de controlar o metabolismo, pela ação de moléculas biologicamente ativas. A produção desregulada destas substâncias pela disfunção do tecido adiposo pode contribuir para as complicações presentes na obesidade. As pesquisas atuais têm esclarecido fatores e mecanismos envolvidos na atuação de substâncias pró e anti-inflamatórias na modulação da inflamação e da resistência à insulina. Em indivíduos obesos, as moléculas pró-inflamatórias produzidas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido implicadas como fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da resistência à insulina e aumento do risco de doença cardiovascular. Por outro lado, as moléculas com ação anti-inflamatória, que atuam na melhora da sensibilidade à insulina, têm sua produção reduzida. O desequilíbrio entre essas substâncias contribui de forma significativa para as desordens metabólicas presente em indivíduos obesos. Assim, esta revisão visa a trazer informações atualizadas sobre a atuação de moléculas secretadas pelo tecido adiposo.

White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered an endocrine organ. When present in excess, WAT can influence metabolism via biologically active molecules. Following unregulated production of such molecules, adipose tissue dysfunction results, contributing to complications associated with obesity. Previous studies have implicated pro- and anti-inflammatory substances in the regulation of inflammatory response and in the development of insulin resistance. In obese individuals, pro-inflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the molecules with anti-inflammatory action, that have been associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, have your decreased production. Imbalance of these substances contributes significantly to metabolic disorders found in obese individuals. The current review aims to provide updated information regarding the activity of biomolecules produced by WAT.

Introduction: Studies have shown that oxidative stress, found in patients with type 2 diabetes, may be due to changes in the metabolism of minerals, such as magnesium and iron. Data related to compartmentalization of these minerals in diabetes are scarce and controversial. Objective: This study assessed the influence of magnesium on biochemical parameters of iron and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A case-control study in male and female subjects aged 27-59 years, divided into two groups: type 2 diabetes (n=40) and control (n=48). Intake of magnesium and iron was assessed by three-day food record. Plasma, erythrocyte and urinary levels of magnesium, serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, creatinine clearance and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were analyzed. Results and Discussion: Magnesium intake and plasma magnesium were lower in diabetic subjects. There was low urinary magnesium excretion, with no difference between groups. Although normal, the diabetic group had lower serum iron and ferritin concentrations compared to control subjects. Plasma TBARS in diabetic patients was higher than control while creatinine clearance was lower. An inverse correlation between erythrocyte magnesium and serum iron and ferritin was observed in the diabetes group. Conclusions: Diabetes induced hypomagnesemia and this, associated with chronic hyperglycemia, may have enhanced oxidative stress. Erythrocyte magnesium may have contributed to prevent iron overload and worsening of oxidative stress and hyperglycemic status.

Introducción: Los estudios han demostrado que el estrés oxidativo, que se encuentra en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, puede ser debido a cambios en el metabolismo de los minerales, como el magnesio y el hierro. Los datos relacionados con la compartimentación de estos minerales en la diabetes son pocos y cuestionables. Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia del magnesio sobre parámetros bioquímicos de hierro y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Estudio caso-control en los sujetos masculinos y femeninos de edad 27 a 59 años, divididos en dos grupos: la diabetes tipo 2 (n = 40) y control (n = 48). La ingesta de magnesio y hierro se evaluó por tres días registro de alimentos. Plasma, eritrocitos y los niveles urinarios de magnesio, hierro sérico, ferritina, capacidad total de fijación del hierro, glucosa en ayunas, hemoglobina glucosilada, la insulina, el aclaramiento de creatinina y el plasma se analizaron tiobarbitúrico sustancias reactivas al ácido (TBARS). Resultados y Discusión: La ingesta de magnesio y el magnesio en plasma fueron más bajos en los pacientes diabéticos. Hubo baja excreción urinaria de magnesio, sin diferencias entre los grupos. Aunque lo normal, el grupo de diabéticos tenían concentraciones de hierro y ferritina sérica inferiores en comparación con los sujetos control. TBARS plasmáticos en los pacientes diabéticos fue mayor que en el control, mientras que la depuración de creatinina fue menor. Se observó una correlación inversa entre el magnesio y el hierro en suero de los eritrocitos y la ferritina en el grupo de diabetes Conclusiones: Diabetes hipomagnesemia inducida y esto, asociado a la hiperglucemia crónica, pueden haber mejorado el estrés oxidativo. Magnesio eritrocitaria puede haber contribuido a evitar la sobrecarga de hierro y el empeoramiento de estrés oxidativo y el estado de hiperglucemia.

Introduction: The accumulation of visceral fat affects the metabolism of hormones and some nutrients, but these mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To assess the influence of cortisol on the metabolism of zinc in morbidly obese women. Method: Cross-sectional, case-control study involving 80 women aged between 20 and 59 years. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental (morbidly obese, n = 40) and control (normal weight, n = 40). Zinc concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and serum and urinary cortisol by chemiluminescence method. Results: Zinc intake was significantly different between groups. Mean plasma zinc was lower in obese compared to control group. Mean values for erythrocyte zinc were 44.52 ± 7.84 μg/gHb and 40.17 ± 6.71 μg/gHb for obese and control groups, respectively. Urinary excretion of this mineral was higher in obese compared to control subjects (p < 0.05). Mean values for plasma cortisol were 9.58 ± 4.86 μg/dL for obese and 9.89 ± 5.61 μg/dL for control groups. Mean values for urinary cortisol were 163.00 ± 100.35 μg/dL and 109.71 ± 34.88 μg/dL for obese and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05). The correlation analysis between cortisol and zinc was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Obese patients have hypozincemia and high erythrocyte zinc levels. The correlation between zinc parameters and cortisol concentration showed no influence of this hormone on zinc metabolism.

Introducción: El acumulo de grasa visceral compromete el metabolismo de hormonas y de algunos nutrientes, sin embargo, esos mecanismos aún no están esclarecidos. Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia del cortisol sobre el metabolismo del zinc en mujeres obesas mórbidas. Métodos: Estudio transversal, caso-control, envolviendo 80 mujeres, en la faja etaria entre 20 y 59 años. Las participantes fueron distribuidas en dos grupos: experimental (obesas mórbidas, n = 40) y control (eutróficas, n = 40). Las concentraciones de zinc fueron determinadas por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y el cortisol sérico y urinario, por quimioluminiscencia. Resultados: La ingestión de zinc reveló diferencia significativa entre los grupos estudiados. Los valores medios de zinc plasmáticos fueron inferiores en las obesas cuando fueron comparadas al grupo control. El promedio de zinc eritrocítico fue de 44,52 ± 7,84 μg/gHb e de 40,17 ± 6,71 μg/gHb para las obesas y control, respectivamente. La excreción urinaria de este mineral fue superior en las obesas cuando comparadas al control (p < 0,05). Los valores medios del cortisol sérico fueron de 9,58 ± 4,86 μg/dL para las obesas y de 9,89 ± 5,61 μg/dL para el control. Las medias de cortisol urinario fueron de 163,00 ± 100,35 μg/dL e de 109,71 ± 34,88 μg/dL para obesas y control, respectivamente (p > 0,05). El análisis de correlación entre el cortisol y el zinc no fue significativo. Conclusiones: las pacientes obesas presentan hypozincemia y elevada concentración de zin eritrocítico. La correlación entre los parámetros de zinc y las concentraciones de cortisol no demuestran influencia de esta hormona sobre el metabolismo del mineral.