Resumen El leiomiosarcoma (LMS) de vena cava inferior (VCI) es un tumor maligno poco común que surge de las células del músculo liso, de la túnica media de los vasos. Los sarcomas representan el 1% de todos los tumores malignos, de los cuales el 16% son retroperitoneales. La incidencia de LMS es aproximadamente del 6% y el sitio más habitual es la VCI, con un 2%. Se han reportado únicamente 300 casos de LMS de VCI en la bibliografía internacional, siendo una patología en la que la experiencia mundial es limitada debido a su baja incidencia. El objetivo es exponer una alternativa de tratamiento en la cual el manejo conjunto con cirugía oncológica y cirugía vascular podría mejorar el pronóstico con la garantía de una resección oncológicamente adecuada y una reconstrucción vascular óptima realizada por expertos. En este caso la oportunidad de realizar una cirugía en conjunto con especialistas en ambos ramos garantizó las mejores condiciones para realizar una resección con criterios oncológicos que garantizaron un histopatológico definitivo con bordes libres, es decir R0, y una reconstrucción vascular que garantizó de manera efectiva la permeabilidad de la VCI sin comprometer el pronóstico final.

Abstract Inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the vessels. Sarcomas represent 1% of all malignant tumors, of which 16% are retroperitoneal. The incidence of SCI is approximately 6% and the most common site is the inferior vena cava with 2%. Only 300 cases of IVC LMS have been reported in the international literature, being a pathology in which world experience is limited due to the low incidence of IVC leiomyosarcomas. The objective is to present a treatment alternative in which the joint management with oncological surgery and vascular surgery could improve the prognosis with the guarantee of an oncological adequate resection and an optimal vascular reconstruction carried out by experts. In this case, the opportunity to perform surgery in conjunction with specialists in both branches guaranteed the best conditions to perform a resection with oncological criteria that guaranteed a definitive histopathology with free edges, that is, R0, and a vascular reconstruction that effectively guaranteed the patency of the inferior vena cava without compromising the final prognosis.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was: a) to validate the questionnaire that measures physical activity by means of confirmatory analysis; b) to analyze reliability by means of stability measures; and c) develop percentiles by age and sex range. Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1,937 in university students (1,064 men and 873 women) from the city of Puno, Peru. The weight and height were measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by sex. An 11-question questionnaire was used that measures physical activity. It was validated by Factorial Confirmatory Analysis (FCA) and reliability was verified by test re-test. Percentiles were generated by age and sex range for AF patterns by the LMS method. Results For the FCA, saturations were observed between 0.41 and 0.96, Eigen values greater than 1.0, and the variance explanation was 63.9% (Varimax and Kaiser-Meier-Olkin, KMO=0.872. Sphericity of χ2=4,999.5, p <0.0000). Reliability by re-test showed a Technical Measurement Error (TME) of 2.48 to 3.68% and an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.65 for men and 0.654 for women and for both sexes CCI=0.92. Conclusions The questionnaire of 11 questions that measures physical activity is valid and reliable for university students in a high altitude region of Peru. In addition, the proposed percentiles serve to identify and classify physical activity levels according to age and sex range.

Resumen Introducción El objetivo del presente trabajo fue: a) validar el cuestionario que mide actividad física mediante análisis confirmatorio; b) analizar la fiabilidad por medio de medidas de estabilidad; y c) desarrollar percentiles por rango de edad y sexo. Material y Métodos Se efectuó un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal en 1.937 jóvenes universitarios (1.064 hombres y 873 mujeres) de la ciudad de Puno, Perú. Se midió el peso y estatura y se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) por sexo. Se aplicó un cuestionario de 11 preguntas que mide actividad física. Se validó por Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y se verificó la confiabilidad por test re-test. Se generó percentiles por rango de edad y sexo para los patrones de actividad física por el método LMS. Resultados Para el AFC se observó saturaciones entre 0,41 a 0,96, valores propios superiores a 1,0, el % de explicación de la varianza fue de 63,9% (Varimax y Kaiser-Meier-Olkin, KMO=0,872. Esfericidad de χ2=4.999,5, p<0,0000). La fiabilidad por test re-test mostró un Error Técnico de Medida (ETM) de 2,48 a 3,68% y un coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI) entre 0,65 para hombres y 0,654 para mujeres y para ambos sexos CCI=0,92. Conclusiones El cuestionario de 11 preguntas que mide actividad física es válido y confiable para jóvenes universitarios de una región de elevada altitud del Perú. Además, los percentiles propuestos sirven para identificar y clasificar los niveles de actividad física según rango de edad y sexo.

O tratamento das células epiteliais mamárias humanas MCF-10F com 17-β-estradiol tem sido relatado como resultando nas células transformadas E2, que deram origem às células C5, altamente invasivas, e que geraram tumores em camundongos SCID. A partir desses tumores foram originadas em cultura células tumorais, dentre as quais C5-A6-T6 e C5-A8-T8. Embora diversas fases do processo tumorigênico neste modelo tenham sido estudadas por ensaios de biologia molecular e análise de imagem, não foram ainda estimados dados citológicos referentes a índices apoptóticos e anomalias mitóticas que acompanhassem os vários passos que levam as células CF-10F tratadas com 17-β-estradiol à tumorigênese. Neste trabalho detectamos que o índice apoptótico decresce com a transformação e o avanço da tumorigênese, exceto na linhagem celular tumoral C5-A8-T8, provavelmente por causa de sua velocidade de proliferação mais intensa, que poderia levá-la a um consumo mais rápido do meio de cultura presente e à morte celular. Um aumento na frequência de anomalias mitóticas contribuídas por metáfases tripolares e tetrapolares e por pontes cromossômicas e cromossomos desgarrados, identificáveis na anáfase, foi observado com a transformação e o progresso da tumorigênese. Contudo não foram detectadas diferenças nesses parâmetros quando se compararam as linhagens tumorais C5-A6-T6 e C5-A8-T8 entre si. Os presentes achados estão de acordo com a instabilidade nuclear e o enriquecimento em desregulação de genes que atuam no processo apoptótico, promovidos pela transformação e tumorigênese nas células MCF-10F tratadas com 17-β-estradiol.

Treatment of human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F with 17-β-estradiol has been reported to result in E2-transformed cells which have given rise to highly invasive C5 cells that in turn generate tumors in SCID mice. From these tumors, various cell lines, among which C5-A6-T6 and C5-A8-T8, were obtained. Although different phases of the tumorigenesis process in this model have been studied in molecular biology and image analysis assays, no cytological data on apoptotic ratios and mitotic abnormalities have been established to accompany the various steps leading to 17-β-estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells to tumorigenesis. Here we detected that the apoptotic ratio decreases with the transformation and tumorigenesis progress, except for the tumor cell line C5-A8-T8, probably on account of its more intense proliferation rate and a more rapid culture medium consumption. Increased frequency of mitotic abnormalities contributed by triple- and tetrapolar metaphases, and by lagging chromosomes and chromosome bridges observed at the anaphase found by transformation and tumorigenesis progress. However, no difference was found under these terms when the C5-A6-T6 and C5-A8-T8 tumor cell lines were compared to each other. Present findings are in agreement with the nuclear instability and enrichment of dysregulated genes in the apoptotic process promoted by transformation and tumorigenesis in 17-β-estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells.