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ABSTRACT The bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola, is the most important bacterial disease of grapevines cultivated in tropical areas. The objectives of this study were to select grape hybrids resistant to bacterial canker based on genotypic values and to evaluate the response of seedless grape hybrids to artificial infection with bacterial canker. Two experiments were conducted. The field experiment (Experiment I) was conducted with 569 hybrids, evaluated for symptoms of bacterial canker, in the absence of an experimental design, using a single individual of each genotype. Experiment II was conducted in a greenhouse, where ten seedless grape hybrids were evaluated in terms of incubation period, incidence, severity, and area under the progress curve of bacterial canker disease incidence, in a completely randomized design. The use of the residual maximum likelihood/best unbiased linear prediction methodology allowed the selection of 40 grape hybrids with lower genotypic values for resistance to bacterial canker. The CPATSA 49.25 and CPATSA 49.86 hybrids showed greater resistance to bacterial canker in all epidemiological parameters evaluated under greenhouse conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230161

Interseccionalidad y espacios: violencias entre personas lesbianas, gais, transgéneros y transexuales en Acapulco
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Gutiérrez Gamboa, David Ismael

; Evangelista García, Angélica Aremy

; Duarte Cruz, José María

Secuencia

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dec 2023, N. 117 elocation e2101

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Este artículo tiene por objetivo comprender cómo el espacio y las posiciones de privilegio y opresión en torno a categorías sociales como la edad, clase, género y sexualidad influyen en la configuración de violencias entre personas gais, lesbianas, transgénero y transexuales. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que utilizó el método biográfico y las trayectorias de vida. Algunos hallazgos señalan que los espacios de interacción influyen en las relaciones de violencia al ubicar a las personas, con identidades sexogenéricas disidentes, en relaciones de privilegio y opresión.

Abstract: This article aims to understand how the space and positions of privilege and oppression around social categories such as age, class, gender, and sexuality influence the configuration of violence between gays, lesbians, transgender and transsexual people. This is qualitative research that used the biographical method and life trajectories. Some findings indicate that interaction spaces influence relationships of violence by placing people with gender dissident gender identities in relationships of privilege and oppression.

https://doi.org/10.18234/secuencia.v0i117.2101

Third National Registry of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Mexico (RENAPREC III-2022)
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Lara-Vargas, Jorge A.

; Ilarraza-Lomelí, Hermes

; García-Saldivia, Marianna

; Pineda-García, Alfredo D.

; Leyva-Valadez, Eduardo A.

; Justiniano-Cordero, Samuel

; Sahagún-Olmos, Roberto

; Zavala-Ramírez, Juana

; Cassaigne-Guasco, María E.

; Sánchez-Limón, Edgar-F

; Castañeda-López, Javier

; Cerón-Enríquez, Norma

; Ku-González, Andrés

; Arteaga-Martínez, Rodolfo

; Hinojosa-López, Tania

; Vergara-Guzmán, Jéssica

; Pérez-Vázquez, Daniel I.

; Gasca-Zamudio, Pedro D.

; Aranda-Ayala, Zulema L.

; Vacío-Reyes, Martha E.

; Reza-Orozco, Marco

; Alcocer-Gamboa, Miguel A.

; Hernández-González, Pedro A.

; Pérez-Reyes, Angélica A.

; Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P.

; Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús

; Franco-Valles, Sarahí

; Romo-Escamilla, Ricardo E.

; Nuriulú-Escobar, Patricia

; Serna-Santamaría, Iván

; Avilés-González, Jorge

; Salgado-Solorio, María C.

; Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Luz M.

; Mendoza-Díaz, Pedro M.

; Ávila-Estrada, Ángel

; Morales-Medina, Carlos

; Lara-Vázquez, Eduardo

; Rodríguez-Herrera, Paulina

; Galván-López, María

; Segoviano-Mendoza, Georgina

; De-la-Torre-Cruz, Fabiola

; Jiménez-Campos, Cecilia

; Ramírez-Meléndez, Alejandra

; Almaraz-Ríos, Alejandro

; González-Bonilla, Mezthly

; Rojano-Castillo, Jessica

; Rius-Suarez, María D.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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dec 2023, Volume 93 N. 4 Pages 405 - 416

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

Diagnóstico del website FAD-UABC desde la teoría de sistemas de Luhmann, a través de la visualización de redes
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Cid Cruz, Jorge Alberto

; Castro Caballero, María Angélica

Inter disciplina

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aug 2023, Volume 11 N. 30 Pages 265 - 290

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se propuso un enfoque transdisciplinar para el análisis del website FAD-UABC con la finalidad de innovar en los métodos que se utilizan para diagnosticar websites. El estudio tomó como base la arquitectura de la información del website para luego ser conceptualizado como mediador dentro del ‘sistema social’ FAD-UABC a partir de la teoría de sistemas de Luhmann y se estableció como criterio de evaluación la categoría “improbabilidad de la comunicación”. Para su diagnóstico se elaboraron una serie de análisis mediados informáticamente a través de la ‘visualización de redes’ y de la ‘arquitectura de la información’ y se verificó la evaluación con un recorrido por el sitio web, del cual se obtuvieron capturas de pantalla como evidencia que se tradujo en una tabla de evaluación. Posteriormente, se elaboró una discusión de los resultados y se redactaron recomendaciones para el rediseño del sitio web. El trabajo puede tener impacto en el campo de las ciencias sociales, como un referente para el estudio sobre las relaciones sociales que se generan a partir de tecnologías digitales e Internet, así como para el campo del diseño y la informática cuando el objetivo sea rediseñar websites con un enfoque desde las ciencias sociales.

Abstract A transdisciplinary approach was proposed for the analysis of the FAD-UABC website to innovate in the methods used to diagnose websites. The study was based on the information architecture of the website to later be conceptualized as a mediator within the FAD-UABC ‘social systems’ based on Luhmann’s systems theory, the category “improbability of communication” was established as an evaluation criterion. For its diagnosis, a series of computer-mediated analyzes were carried out through ‘network visualization’ and ‘information architecture’ and the evaluation was verified with a tour through the website, from which screenshots were obtained as evidence that was translated into an evaluation table. Subsequently, a discussion of the results was elaborated, and recommendations were drawn up for the redesign of the website. The work may have an impact in the field of social sciences, as a reference for the study of social relationships generated with digital technologies and the Internet, as well as for the field of design and computer science when the objective is to redesign websites with a social science approach.

https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2023.30.82812

Aptitud clínica en residentes de medicina familiar; una aproximación hacia su evaluación. Diseño multicéntrico
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Leyva González, Félix Arturo

; Gómez Arteaga, Gress Marissell

; Gómez Clavelina, Francisco Javier F.

; Degollado Bardales, Lilia

; Aguirre García, María del Carmen

; Vega Mendoza, Santa

; Guerrero Hernández, Rosa Elvia

; Ceja Aladro, Alicia

; Martínez Ángeles, Jesús

; Beltrán Lagunes, Luis

; González Domínguez, Ricardo

; Hernández Hernández, Miguel Ángel

; González Salinas, Consuelo

; Leyva Salas, Rosalba Isabel

; Gómez Arteaga, Martha Angélica

; Cruz Avelar, Agles

; Contreras Angulo, David Alejandro

; Angulo Bernal, Nancy Beatriz

Investigación en educación médica

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jun 2023, Volume 12 N. 46 Pages 40 - 56

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción En México, esta indagación hasta donde se tiene conocimiento representa el primer trabajo multicéntrico que estudia el grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica en cuatro Unidades de medicina familiar del Sector Salud. Por consiguiente, la interrogante de investigación es ¿Cuál es el grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica en tres instituciones de salud?. Este estudio proveerá conocimientos que permitirán emprender investigaciones en las cuales se ensayen estrategias educativas que propicien el desarrollo de esta aptitud. Objetivo Determinar el grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica en residentes de medicina familiar de cuatro sedes académicas. Método Diseño prospectivo, transversal, observacional y multicéntrico. Se estudió toda la matrícula del ciclo académico 2019-2020 con consentimiento informado. Se construyó un instrumento que evaluó la variable “aptitud clínica” mediante ocho indicadores y 182 ítems; la validez conceptual, de contenido y confiabilidad se valoró por cinco médicos familiares con experiencia docente y en investigación educativa. Resultados De las cuatro sedes, las calificaciones globales más altas en los indicadores fueron alcanzadas por los R1 de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar # 20 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (UMF20 IMSS), R2 y R3 del Hospital General de Zona # 1 (HGZMF1 IMSS). Los R1 de la UMF20 alcanzaron los más altos puntajes en 3/8 indicadores. Los R2 y R3 del HGZMF1 lograron las más altas puntuaciones en 2/8 indicadores. Se estimaron diferencias entre R1 (n=46), entre R2 (n=47) y entre R3 (n=40) de las cuatro sedes por indicador y no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en ningún caso. Conclusiones El grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica se puede considerar de nivel medio en las cuatro sedes académicas. Esto en parte se puede explicar a que el instrumento exploró situaciones clínicas problematizadas, que exigieron del residente la reflexión crítica de su experiencia clínica antecedente.

ABSTRACT Introduction In Mexico, this inquiry to the best of our knowledge represents the first multicenter work that studies the degree of development of clinical aptitude in four Family Medicine Units of the Health Sector. Therefore, the research question is : What is the degree of development of clinical aptitude in three health institutions? This study will provide knowledge that will allow undertaking researches in which educational strategies that propitiate the development of this aptitude are tested. Objective To determine the degree of development of clinical aptitude in family medicine residents from four academic sites. Method Prospective, cross-sectional, observational and multicenter design. The entire enrollment of the 2019-2020 academic year was studied with informed consent. An instrument was constructed that assessed the variable "clinical aptitude" by means of eight indicators and 182 items; conceptual, content and reliability validity was assessed by five family physicians with teaching and educational research experience. Results Of the four sites, the highest overall scores on the indicators were achieved by the R1 of the Family Medicine Unit # 20 of the Mexican Social Security Institute (UMF20 IMSS), R2 and R3 of the General Zone Hospital # 1 (HGZMF1 IMSS). UMF20 R1s achieved the highest scores on 3/8 indicators. The R2s and R3s of HGZMF1 achieved the highest scores on 2/8 indicators. Differences were estimated between R1s (n=46), between R2s (n=47) and between R3s (n=40) of the four sites by indicator and no significant statistical differences were found in any case. Conclusions The degree of development of clinical aptitude can be considered medium level in the four academic sites. This can be partly explained by the fact that the instrument explored problematic clinical situations, which required the resident to reflect critically on his previous clinical experience.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.20075057e.2023.46.22479

Anatomical and Histomorphometric Study of the Ulnar Nerve at the Wrist
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Ballesteros-Larrotta, Daniel Raúl

; Ramírez-Blanco, Mónica Alexandra

; Rueda-Quijano, Angélica María

; Guzmán-Cruz, Jammes Alberto

; Ballesteros-Acuña, Luis Ernesto

International Journal of Morphology

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feb 2023, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 319 - 323

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The ulnar nerve (UN) is the main nerve responsible for innervation of the intrinsic musculature of the hand. It is of great importance to have a deep anatomical knowledge of the UN. The aim of this study is to enrich the knowledge of the UN anatomy at the wrist and provide useful reference information for clinical and surgical applications. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 44 upper limbs of fresh cadavers were evaluated. The UN, the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (SBUN), and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) were evaluated. Morphometric variables were measured using a digital caliper, and samples of nervous tissue were taken to evaluate the histomorphometry. Before entering the Guyon's canal, the UN had a diameter of 3.2 ± 0.4 mm. In 36 samples (82 %) the UN presented a bifurcation pattern and in the remaining 8 samples (18 %) a trifurcation was shown. The diameter of the DBUN was 1.9 ± 0.33 mm and that of the SBUN was 1.29 ± 0.22 mm. In the bifurcation patterns, the SBUN had a trunk of 5.71 ± 1.53 mm before bifurcating into the common digital nerve (fourth and fifth fingers) and an ulnar digital collateral nerve (fifth finger). The DBUN had an area of 2.84 ± 0.7 mm2 and was made up of 8 ± 1.4 fascicles and 3595 ± 465 axons. The SBUN area was 1.31 ± 0.27 mm2, it was made up of 6 ± 1.1 fascicles and 2856 ± 362 axons. The reported findings allow the hand surgeon to improve his understanding of the clinical signs of patients with UN pathologies at the wrist level and thus achieve greater precision while planning and performing surgical approaches and dissections.

RESUMEN: El nervio ulnar (NU) es el principal nervio responsable de la inervación de la musculatura intrínseca de la mano. Es de gran importancia tener un profundo conocimiento anatómico del NU. El objetivo de este estudio fue enriquecer el conocimiento de la anatomía del NU en la muñeca y proporcionar información de referencia útil para aplicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas. En este estudio descriptivo transversal se evaluaron 44 miembros superiores de cadáveres frescos. Se evaluó el NU, el ramo superficial del nervio ulnar (RSNU) y el ramo profundo del nervio ulnar (RPNU). Las variables morfométricas se midieron con un caliper digital y se tomaron muestras del nervio para evaluar la histomorfometría. Antes de ingresar al canal del nervio ulnar (canal Guyon), el ONU tenía un diámetro de 3,2 ± 0,4 mm. En 36 muestras (82 %) el ONU presentó un patrón de bifurcación y en las 8 muestras restantes (18 %) se presentó una trifurcación. El diámetro del RPNU fue de 1,9 ± 0,33 mm y el del RSNU de 1,29 ± 0,22 mm. En los patrones de bifurcación, el RSNU presentó un tronco de 5,71 ± 1,53 mm antes de bifurcarse en el nervio digital común (cuarto y quinto dedo) y un nervio digital colateral ulnar (quinto dedo). El RPNU tenía un área de 2,84 ± 0,7 mm2 y estaba formado por 8 ± 1,4 fascículos y 3595 ± 465 axones. El área del RSNU fue de 1,31 ± 0,27 mm2, estaba formado por 6 ± 1,1 fascículos y 2856 ± 362 axones. Los hallazgos reportados permiten al cirujano de mano mejorar su comprensión de los signos clínicos de los pacientes con patologías del NU a nivel de la muñeca y así lograr una mayor precisión en la planificación y realización de abordajes y disecciones quirúrgicas.

Unplanned pregnancy in Brazil: national study in eight university hospitals
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Nilson, Tainá Vieira

; Amato, Angélica Amorim

; Resende, Ceres Nunes

; Primo, Walquíria Quida Salles Pereira

; Nomura, Roseli Mieko Yamamoto

; Costa, Maria Laura

; Opperman, Maria Lúcia

; Brock, Marianna

; Trapani Junior, Alberto

; Damasio, Lia Cruz Vaz da Costa

; Reis, Nadia

; Borges, Vera

; Araújo, Ana Cristina

; Ruano, Rodrigo

; Zaconeta, Alberto Carlos Moreno

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 57 elocation 35

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência de gestação não planejada (GNP) em oito hospitais públicos universitários, distribuídos nas cinco regiões que compõem o Brasil. MÉTODOS Análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional, realizado em oito hospitais universitários públicos, entre 1º de junho e 31 de agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Amostra por conveniência incluindo mulheres que deram à luz em período de sessenta dias consecutivos e atenderam aos seguintes critérios: maiores de 18 anos; idade gestacional acima de 36 semanas no parto; com recém-nascido único e vivo, sem malformações. RESULTADOS Amostra composta por 1.120 puérperas, das quais 756 (67,5%) declararam que a gravidez não tinha sido programada. A mediana da prevalência de GNP foi de 59,7%. Observou-se diferença significativa na prevalência de GNP entre os hospitais: Campinas (54,8%), Porto Alegre (58,2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61,2%), Brasília (64,3%), São Paulo (64,6%), Campo Grande (73,9%) e Manaus (95,3%) (p < 0,001). Foram fatores significativamente associados a GNP a idade materna, cor negra, menor renda familiar, maior número de filhos, maior número de pessoas convivendo em casa e não ter parceiro. CONCLUSÃO Na amostra estudada, cerca de dois terços das gestações foram declaradas como não programadas. A prevalência de gestação não planejada teve relação com fatores sociais e demográficos e variou significativamente entre os hospitais universitários avaliados.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in eight public university hospitals, distributed in the five regions that make up Brazil. METHODS A secondary analysis of a national multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out in eight public university hospitals between June 1 and August 31, 2020, in Brazil. Convenience sample including women who gave birth within sixty consecutive days and met the following criteria: over 18 years old; gestational age over 36 weeks at delivery; with a single and live newborn, without malformations. RESULTS Sample composed of 1,120 postpartum women, of whom 756 (67.5%) declared that the pregnancy had not been planned. The median prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 59.7%. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy across hospitals differed significantly: Campinas (54.8%), Porto Alegre (58.2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61.2%), Brasília (64.3%), São Paulo (64.6%), Campo Grande (73.9%) and Manaus (95.3%) (p < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy were maternal age, black color, lower family income, greater number of children, greater number of people living in household, and not having a partner. CONCLUSION In the studied sample, about two thirds of the pregnancies were declared as unplanned. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was related to social and demographic factors and varied significantly across the university hospitals evaluated.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004449

Unplanned pregnancy in Brazil: national study in eight university hospitals
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Nilson, Tainá Vieira

; Amato, Angélica Amorim

; Resende, Ceres Nunes

; Primo, Walquíria Quida Salles Pereira

; Nomura, Roseli Mieko Yamamoto

; Costa, Maria Laura

; Opperman, Maria Lúcia

; Brock, Marianna

; Trapani Junior, Alberto

; Damasio, Lia Cruz Vaz da Costa

; Reis, Nadia

; Borges, Vera

; Araújo, Ana Cristina

; Ruano, Rodrigo

; Zaconeta, Alberto Carlos Moreno

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 57 elocation 35

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004449

Natural enemies recovered from Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of corn plants under conventional and organic farming systems in Brazil
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SILVA, RAFAEL B. DA

; CRUZ, IVAN

; FIGUEIREDO, MARIA DE LOURDES C.

; REDOAN, ANA CAROLINA M.

; SHIMBORI, EDUARDO M.

; TAVARES, WAGNER DE S.

; DIAS, ANGÉLICA MARIA P.M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 4 elocation e20200042

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The corn cropping system can influence the natural enemy identity and the number of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of this plant. The objectives were to identify the S. frugiperda natural enemies and differences in the number of individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of corn plants under conventional and organic cropping systems, in Brazil after an initial collection of adult males through semiochemical traps. We also evaluated key morphometrical parameters of the larva and factors contributing with the viability of S. frugiperda. A total of 16 and 136 adult males was trapped, and 1,124 and 1,112 larvae was recovered from conventional and organic systems with 4.7 and 6.7% of them parasitized by dipteran and hymenopteran, respectively. Most of the parasitoids recovered had occurrence in both cropping systems, except Cremastinae and Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which were recorded only in organic and Campoletis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) only in conventional corns. The number of parasitoids recovered was similar in corn plant samples between both cropping systems. A total of 152 and 31 larvae was recovered from corn ears under conventional and organic systems, respectively. Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was recovered from all samples under conventional system. The larva length was overall similar between cropping systems. Parasitism by dipteran and hymenopteran, infection by microorganisms, larva mortality by undetermined causes, and differences in viability of S. frugiperda stages were factors contributing with the supression of this pest. The new associations and parasitoids reported represent possibilities of expanding the biological control strategies to manage S. frugiperda in corn crops.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320200042

10.

Alergia a medicamentos: aspectos fundamentales en el diagnóstico y tratamiento
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Villarreal-González, Rosalaura Virginia

; Canel-Paredes, Alejandra

; Arias-Cruz, Alfredo

; Fraga-Olvera, Alira

; Delgado-Bañuelos, Angélica

; Rico-Solís, Germán Agustín

; Ochoa-García, Itzel Vianey

; Jiménez-Sandoval, Jaime Omar

; Ramírez-Heredia, Jennifer

; Flores-González, José Valentín

; Cortés-Grimaldo, Rosa María

; Zecua-Nájera, Yahvéh

; Ortega-Cisneros, Margarita

Revista alergia México

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dec 2022, Volume 69 N. 4 Pages 195 - 213

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: Cualquier sustancia prescrita en el tratamiento de algún padecimiento es capaz de producir eventos dañinos o desagradables, y se denominan reacciones adversas a medicamentos. Estas reacciones se originan por mecanismos inmunológicos y no inmunológicos. Objetivos: Describir los mecanismos inmunológicos de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos, epidemiologia, factores de riesgo, clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico. Métodos: Se revisó la bibliografía actualizada, en inglés y español, asociada con reacciones de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos en las principales bases de datos. Resultados: Se describen los términos para definir las reacciones adversas y de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos, su clasificación y manifestaciones clínicas, métodos diagnósticos actuales y en estudio, algoritmos de tratamiento y pronóstico de los medicamentos más frecuentemente prescritos y con mayor prevalencia de eventos adversos reportados. Conclusión: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos representan un reto, con una fisiopatología compleja y no del todo comprendida. Su abordaje requiere un enfoque cuidadoso, porque no todos los fármacos cuentan con pruebas validadas para establecer el diagnóstico y tratamiento específico. Antes de indicar cualquier medicamento debe considerarse la gravedad de la enfermedad, disponibilidad de otros tratamientos y riesgos potenciales de sufrir eventos adversos.

Abstract Background: Any substance used as a treatment for any disease can produce harmful or unpleasant events called adverse drug reactions (ADRs). They are due to inherent biological effects of the drug and are caused by immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms. Objectives: To describe the immunological mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to drugs, their epidemiology, risk factors, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: A review of the most current literature in English and Spanish was carried out, in the main databases, related to the HSR of various drug groups. Results: This study describes the terms used to define ADRs and HSRs, their classification and clinical manifestations, current diagnostic tools, treatment algorithms and prognosis of the most frequently used medications and with the highest prevalence of reported adverse events. Conclusion: ADRs are a challenging entity, with a complex pathophysiology that has not been fully understood. Its approach requires a careful consideration since not all drugs have validated tests for their diagnosis nor a specific treatment. When indicating the use of any drug, the severity of the disease, the availability of other treatments and the potential risks of developing future adverse events should always be taken into consideration.

https://doi.org/10.29262/ram.v69i4.1181

11.

Economic and social vulnerability because of Covid-19: poverty and food security
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Cruz Reyes, María Angélica

; Luna Bonilla, Mary Xóchitl De

; Chávez Ayecac, Vianey

Mercados y negocios

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apr 2022, Volume 23 N. 45 Pages 69 - 92

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The objective is to analyze food poverty and the effects in terms of vulnerability because of the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico City from the capability approach. In the analysis stage, centrality, variability, and correlation parameters were used to identify the effects of the health crisis on food poverty. The results corroborate that food poverty is a material and immaterial phenomenon, which impacts the economic, sociocultural, and environmental setting of the individual. The State must design strategies with different stakeholders in society for social and economic recovery, not only because of the implications of the pandemic but also because of the economic inequality among the population. Jel code: I320, M14

Resumen El objetivo es analizar la pobreza alimentaria y los efectos en términos de vulnerabilidad como consecuencia de la pandemia Covid-19 en la Ciudad de México desde el enfoque de capacidades. En la etapa de análisis se utilizaron parámetros de centralidad, variabilidad y correlación para identificar los efectos de la crisis de salud con la pobreza alimentaria. Los resultados corroboran que la pobreza alimentaria es un fenómeno material e inmaterial, que impacta el escenario económico, sociocultural y ambiental del individuo. Es necesario que el Estado diseñe estrategias con diferentes actores de la sociedad para la recuperación social y económica, no solo por las implicaciones de la pandemia sino también por la desigualdad económica entre la población.

https://doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi45.7660.g6724 28 downloads

12.

Solar drying of 'Prata' bananas
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SILVA, Álvaro Gustavo Ferreira da

; CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza

; MOREIRA, Wennia Gomes

; PEREIRA, Maria Angelica Freitas

; SILVA, Adriano Sant'Ana

; COSTA, Franciscleudo Bezerra da

; NASCIMENTO, Ana Marinho do

; SOUZA, Pahlevi Augusto de

; TIMOTEO, André Luiz dos Santos

; RIBEIRO, Wellington Souto

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e75021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, but it has little shelf life due to its high water activity. Drying is able to increase shelf life and pre-treatments can optimize the process. The objective was to study the solar drying kinetics and evaluate the effect of pre-treatments on the drying kinetics and physico-chemical quality of 'Prata' bananas. The drying was carried out in a solar dryer and the pre-treatments consisted of immersing the samples in solutions of water, citric acid (1%) and lemon juice (10%). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physical-chemical and colorimetric characteristics of fresh and dried bananas were evaluated. The drying rate was higher at the beginning and stabilized after 20 hours. The mathematical model of Midilli and Kucuk was the one that best fit the experimental data. The water content, ascorbic acid and the parameters L *, b *, C * and h ° reduced after drying. Reducing sugars and a * coordinate increased and the acidity was not changed with drying. The solar drying of 'Prata' bananas is a sustainable and economical way to make a product available with a longer shelf life.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.75021

13.

CARTA AO EDITOR SOBRE O ARTIGO - AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO DE EXPOSIÇÃO PROFISSIONAL AO COVID-19: ADAPTAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL
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Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci

; Rocha, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi

; Cassenote, Alex Jones Flores

; Robazzi, Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz

; Palha, Pedro Fredemir

; Ballestero, Jaqueline Garcia de Almeida

; Terra, Fábio de Souza

; Mininel, Vivian Aline

; Santos, Heloisa Ehmke Cardoso dos

; Fracarolli, Isabela Fernanda Larios

; Garcia, Gracielle Pereira Aires

; Fortunato, Maria Alice Barbosa

; Lima, Marcelo Marques de

; Dutra, Herica Silva

; Thofehrn, Maira Buss

; Dutra, Lidiane Silva

; Araújo, Camila Ribeiro

; Braga, Luciene Muniz

; Carbogim, Fábio da Costa

; Coelho, Angélica da Conceição Oliveira

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 31 elocation e2022c001

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2022-c001

14.

Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade, Miguel Souza

; Campos, Fabrício Souza

; Oliveira, Cirilo Henrique de

; Oliveira, Ramon Silva

; Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini

; Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto de

; Fonseca, Vagner de Souza

; Simonini-Teixeira, Danilo

; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão

; Temponi, Andrea Oliveira Dias

; Magalhães, Fernando Maria

; Chaves, Danielle Costa Capistrano

; Pereira, Maira Alves

; Lamounier, Ludmila Oliveira

; Menezes, Givaldo Gomes de

; Aquino-Teixeira, Sandy Micaele

; Gonçalves-dos-Santos, Maria Eduarda

; Bernal-Valle, Sofía

; Müller, Nicolas Felipe Drumm

; Cardoso, Jader da Cruz

; Santos, Edmilson dos

; Mares-Guia, Maria Angélica

; Albuquerque, George Rêgo

; Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins

; Franco, Ana Cláudia

; Ribeiro, Bergmann Morais

; Roehe, Paulo Michel

; Abreu, Filipe Vieira Santos de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220127

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220127

15.

A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
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Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra

; Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires

; Xavier, Cilene da Silva

; Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves de

; Cruz, Luciane Nascimento

; Polanczyk, Carisi Anne

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e5

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children under five years of age. As there is no specific treatment for RSV infections, prophylaxis with the specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab (PVZ) has been widely recommended for high-risk cases during the RSV season. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a public prophylaxis program with palivizumab on the incidence of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections and RSV in children at high risk for severe RSV infections. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with preterm children or children under two years of age with chronic lung disease or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease; the children were selected on the basis of their exposure status, which was defined as the prophylactic use of palivizumab during the RSV season. Children were enrolled retrospectively in two hospitals located in Southern Brazil, from May 2009 to August 2016. In a sample of 129 children, 69 (53.5%) received palivizumab and adherence to three or more doses was observed in 78%; 60 (46.5%) children did not receive palivizumab. PVZ prophylaxis was independently associated with a 66% reduction in hospitalizations for any cause (26/69 - 37.7%) in the PVZ group and 34/60 (56.7%) in the control group). A 52% reduction in hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infection was observed in the PVZ group (15/69 -21.7%) and 25/60 (41.7%) in the control group. These findings suggest that, for the group of studied patients, the adoption of an RSV prophylaxis scheme reached the same effectiveness as those described in previous clinical trials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163005 608 downloads

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