ABSTRACT Lippia origanoides is a honey shrub which has showed hypotensive potential assessed by in vivo studies. The aim of this work is the development of a pharmaceutical formulation composed by an optimized extract obtained from aerial parts of L. origanoides. The quantification of the naringenin marker in the dry extract and tablets developed was performed, as well as the assessment of the oral acute toxicity in rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. origanoides was spray-dried with the addition of colloidal silicon dioxide (Lo-HAE/CSD), and then applied in the preparation of eight different lots of tablets. The influence of the diluent (cellulose or babassu mesocarp), the presence of binder, and the percentage of lubricant, as well as organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were screened. For the quantification of the marker content both in Lo-HAE/CSD and in the tablets, an analytical curve of the naringenin standard was fitted, and the samples were then analyzed in UFLC. The toxicological assessment was performed in female Wistar rats according to the Acute Toxic Class Method from OECD. The developed tablets produced meet acceptable macroscopic characteristics, and the presence of babassu as diluent provided improved physicochemical properties. The best content of Lo-HAE/CSD in the tablet (100.27%) was identified for the lot containing babassu, composed by 1.0% magnesium stearate, without PVP binder in its formulation. Moreover, Lo-HAE/CSD showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, the babassu mesocarp powder is a promising pharmaceutical excipient for the development of herbal tablets containing the Lippia origanoides extract.

Introduction: Food and dietetic components have received considerable attention as auxiliary feeding resources on controlling of chronic non-transmissible diseases, among them diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of supplementary diet with multimixture based on linseed, sesame, oats and sunflower seeds on the hepatic function and antioxidant activity of diabetic rats. Methods: Male rats were distributed on groups of seven animals: diabetic control (DC), diabetics subject to multimixture diet (DM), diabetic with insulin (DI), and normal control (NC). The treatment was started on the 5th day after diabetes induction with 40 mg/kg i.v. streptozotocin on tampon citrate and kept during 50 days. Results: The ethereal extract of the supplemented diet showed a higher content of phenolics (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts of the supplemented diet and the ethereal extract of the standard diet. There was no difference in antioxidant in vitro activity of the utilized diets. Concerning to transaminases, significant bigger ALT levels (p < 0.05) were present on diabetic groups compared to NC. The relative liver weight on diabetic groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to NC group. Non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on DM and I groups when compared to DM and NC. Only the treatment with insulin resulted in an improvement of antioxidant activity concerning to hepatic catalase. The supplementation with multimixture did not improve the metabolic control of diabetes. Conclusion: The multimixture treatment showed an isolated improvement on antioxidant activity in the hepatic tissue, evidenced by the increasing on non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels.

Introducción: alimentos y componentes de la dieta han recibido considerable atención como recursos auxiliares en el control de las enfermedades crónicas, como la diabetes. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la dieta suplementada con base de linaza multimezcla, sésamo, avena y semillas de girasol en la función hepática y la actividad antioxidante de ratas diabéticas. Métodos: las ratas macho fueron divididas en grupos de siete animales: control de la diabetes (CD), diabéticos sometidos a dieta multimezcla (DM), diabéticos con insulina (DI), y control normal (CN). El tratamiento se inició en el quinto día después de la inducción de la diabetes con estreptozotocina 40 mg/kg i.v. en tampón citrato y se mantuvo durante 50 días. Resultados: la dieta extracto etéreo complementado tenía el contenido fenólico más alto (p < 0,05) que los otros extractos de la suplementación de la dieta y el extracto de éter de la comida estándar. No hubo diferencia en la actividad antioxidante in vitro de la alimentación usada. A medida que las transaminasas, los niveles de ALT significativamente mayor (p < 0,05) estuvieron presentes en el grupo de diabéticos en comparación con CN, el peso relativo del hígado en el grupo de diabéticos fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001) en comparación con el grupo CN. Los grupos sulfhidrilo de los niveles de proteína no fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) en los grupos F e I comparados con CN y CD. El tratamiento con insulina resultó en una mejora de la actividad antioxidante con respecto a la catalasa hepática. Conclusión: la suplementación con multimezcla no mejora el control metabólico de la diabetes. El tratamiento con multimezcla aislado mostró una mejora en la actividad antioxidante en el tejido hepático, como se evidencia por el aumento de los niveles de grupos sulfhidrilo no proteicos.

Introduction: Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients. Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB <3.5 g/dL) were defined as case (n = 26) and control (n = 38) those with ALB ≥ 3.5 g/dL. Determinations of activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide production by the contraction of nitrite in erythrocytes, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, lipid profile and micronutrient antioxidants intake were performed. For comparisons between groups, the Student t test was used. Possible associations between variables were tested using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Consumption of copper was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper.

Introducción: La albúmina se considera una molécula antioxidante extracelular importante. La hipoalbuminemia es un predictor fuerte e independiente de mortalidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis. El presente estudio evaluó la relación entre hipoalbuminemia y el estrés oxidativo mediante la comparación de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa, la peroxidación lipídica y el consumo de micronutrientes antioxidantes en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles se llevó a cabo con 64 pacientes de ambos sexos de 18 a 59 años. Los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g / dL) se definieron como los casos (n = 26) y el grupo control (n = 38) aquellos con ALB ≥ 3,5 g/dL. Fueran realizadas determinaciones de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa en los eritrócitos, la producción de óxido nítrico por la contracción de nitrito e concentración de malondialdehído (MDA) en plasma, el perfil de lípidos en plasma, la ingesta de proteínas y micronutrientes antioxidantes se realizaron. Para las comparaciones entre grupos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student. Posibles asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante el test de correlación lineal y Pearson y en la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El consumo de cobre fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) para el grupo con hipoalbuminemia. Correlaciones entres las concentraciones de albúmina y el uso de cobre (r = 0,280). Se encontró correlación negativa entre las concentraciones de albúmina y MDA. Conclusión: La hipoalbuminemia se asocia con aumento de la peroxidación lipídica, y puede contribuir al estrés oxidativo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Además, los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis evaluados en este estudio habían reducido el consumo de cobre.

INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos têm sido realizados visando identificar um medicamento que acelere a consolidação de fraturas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do exercício físico e da administração de testosterona no processo de consolidação de fratura de tíbia e fíbula de ratos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Rattus norvegicus (250 a 300 g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de oito animais: Controle- fratura e imobilização; G1- fratura, imobilização e propionato de testosterona; G2- fratura, imobilização e treinamento físico de natação; G3- fratura, imobilização, treinamento físico de natação e propionato de testosterona. Os tratamentos foram iniciados imediatamente após a realização de fraturas fechadas no terço médio da tíbia direita. O programa de treinamento físico consistiu em 50 minutos de natação durante quatro semanas, cinco vezes por semana. O propionato de testosterona 3 mg/kg foi administrado por via subcutânea cinco vezes na semana durante quatro semanas. As variáveis analisadas incluíram evolução ponderal, tamanho do calo ósseo, níveis séricos de fósforo, cálcio, albumina, proteínas totais e atividade da fosfatase alcalina. RESULTADOS: O tamanho do calo ósseo foi maior no grupo submetido a tratamento combinando imobilização, exercício físico e testosterona. Os grupos tratados com testosterona combinada ou não a programa de natação apresentaram maiores níveis de fósforo e de fosfatase alcalina, além de menores níveis de proteínas totais e albumina. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo submetido ao programa de treinamento físico de natação combinado com a administração de testosterona obteve melhor consolidação óssea evidenciada pelo maior calo ósseo e atividade aumentada da fosfatase alcalina, sugerindo maior rapidez no processo de consolidação óssea.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have been conducted to identify a drug to accelerate the consolidation of fractures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise and the administration of testosterone in the consolidation process of fracture of the tibia and fibula of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rattus norvegicus (250 to 300 g) were randomly assigned to four groups of eight animals: Control- fracture and immobilization; G1- fracture, immobilization and testosterone propionate; G2- fracture, immobilization and physical training of swimming; G3- fracture, immobilization, physical training and swimming testosterone propionate. The treatments started immediately after completion of closed fractures in the middle third of right tibia. The physical training program consisted of 50 minutes of swimming for four weeks, five times a week. The testosterone propionate 3 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously five times a week for four weeks. The variables analyzed included weight gain, size of bone callus, serum phosphorus, calcium, albumin, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS: The size of callus was higher in group undergoing treatment combining immobilization, exercise and testosterone. The groups treated with testosterone, combined or not with the swimming program, had higher levels of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and lower levels of total protein and albumin. CONCLUSION: The group undergoing swimming exercise training combined with the administration of testosterone obtained best evidenced by increased bone callus and alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting faster bone healing process.