Projekborge speel belangrike rolle by die fase stadium hekke van 'n projeklewensiklus model. Die rol van projekborge by hierdie hekke, en die kenmerke wat vereis word van die borg, is egter nog selde bestudeer. Hierdie studie het die rol van staatsdiens en munisipale borge by hekke tussen die fases van 'n lewensiklus model van 'n water-nutsorganisasie ondersoek, en kenmerke waaroor die borge moet beskik asook uitdagings wat hulle die hoof moet bied, geïdentifiseer. 'n Gevallestudiebenadering is gevolg, en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is met relevante belanghebbendes gevoer. Die bevindings kan die senior bestuur van water-nutsorganisasies, staatsdepartemente, en munisipaliteite help om geskikte projekborge aan te stel.

Project sponsors play significant roles at the stage gates of project life cycle models (PLCMs). However, research on the roles that sponsors play at stage gates, and the attributes required of the sponsor, are sparse. This study investigated the roles played by government and municipal sponsors at the PLCM stage gates of a water utility, and identified the attributes that the sponsor should have as well as the challenges they face. A case study approach was employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders. The findings could assist the senior management of water utilities, national government departments, and municipalities when appointing suitable project sponsors.

Mobiele bystandstelsels (MAS) beloof om die personeeltekorte in die operasiesaal wêreldwyd te oorkom. 'n Literatuuroorsig geïnspireer deur die PRISMA 2020 metode bepaal die stand van die kuns van MAS en identifiseer 'n gebrek aan toepassingsareas vir MAS in die operasieteater. Onderhoude met vakkundiges het ten doel om toepassingsareas vir MAS te ondersoek. Die resultate toon dat die meeste operasionele take na materiaalbestuur en pasiëntbestuur verwys. MAS met die potensiaal om die tyd in materiële en pasiëntbestuur te verminder, sowel as fisiese en geestelike spanning in pasiëntbestuur, het groot potensiaal in die operasieteater.

Mobile assistance systems (MAS) promise to overcome personnel shortages in operating theatres worldwide. A literature review inspired by the PRISMA 2020 method determines the state of the art of MAS, and identifies a lack of application areas for MAS in the operating theatre. Interviews with subject-matter experts aim to investigate application areas for MAS. The results show that most operational tasks refer to material management and patient management. MAS, with their potential to reduce the time needed for material and patient management, and the physical and mental strain of patient management, have great potential in the operating theatre.

Delaminasies en krake is nadelige verskynsels wat die kwaliteit van die finale produk in die vervaardiging van metaal byvoeg vervaardiging belemmer. Die doeltreffende gebruik van ander aanlyn moniteringstelsels wat hierdie vervormings en delaminasies tydens die vervaardigingsproses kan opspoor, word tans ontwikkel en in die praktyk geïmplementeer. In hierdie artikel word gasgedraagde akoestiese emissie gebruik om te wys dat krake/delaminasies wat tydens die vervaardigingsproses voorkom, opgespoor en van ander masjiengeraas onderskei kan word. Die pieke in die amplitude van die sein wat in die tyddomein uitgestuur word, kan gebruik word om die voorkoms van krake tydens die bouproses aan te dui. Die frekwensie-eienskappe van die sein kan ook duidelik die voorkoms van die makrokrake aandui en onderskei tussen die seine van die krake en die masjiengeraas.

Delaminations and cracks are detrimental phenomena that hinder the quality of the final product in metal additive manufacturing. The effective use of other online monitoring systems that can detect these deformations and delaminations during the manufacturing process is currently being developed and implemented in practice. In this paper, gas-borne acoustic emission is used to show that cracks/delaminations that occur during the metal laser powder bed fusion build process can be detected and distinguished from other machine noise. The peaks in the amplitude of the signal emitted in the time domain could be used to indicate the occurrence of cracks during the build process. The frequency characteristics of the signal could also clearly indicate the occurrence of the macro cracks and differentiate between the signals from the cracks and the machine noise.

Diepleer het gewild geword as gevolg van diepleer se hoë akkuraatheid en vermoë om kenmerke outomaties van invoerdata te leer. Verskeie benaderings word in die literatuur voorgestel om bestuurders wat nie konsentreer op die taak, te identifiseer. Die werkverrigting van hierdie algoritmes is egter tipies beperk tot beelddatastelle wat 'n soortgelyke verspreiding as die opleidingdatastel het, wat dit moeilik maak om dit in werklike scenario's toe te pas. Om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, stel hierdie artikel 'n robuuste benadering voor om bestuurders wat afgelei is op te spoor, gebaseer op die herkenning van die unieke liggaamsbewegings wat betrokke is wanneer 'n bestuurder 'n voertuig bestuur. Eksperimentele resultate dui daarop dat hierdie metode beter presteer as huidige diepleeralgoritmes vir die opsporing van afgeleide bestuurders, wat lei tot 'n 6% verbetering in klassifikasie akkuraatheid en 'n tweevoudige verbetering in algehele prestasie (F1-telling).

Deep learning has become popular owing to its high accuracy and ability to learn features automatically from input data. Various approaches are proposed in the literature to detect distracted drivers. However, the performance of these algorithms is typically limited to image datasets that have a similar distribution to the training dataset, which makes it difficult to apply them in real-world scenarios. To address this issue, this paper proposes a robust approach to detecting distracted drivers, based on recognising the unique body movements involved when a driver operates a vehicle. Experimental results indicate that this method outperforms current deep learning algorithms for detecting distracted drivers, resulting in a 6% improvement in classification accuracy and a two-fold improvement in overall performance (F1 score).

Litografie-gebaseerde keramiekvervaardiging (LCM) is 'n laagvervaardigingstegnologie (LV) wat pasgemaakte, driedimensionele keramiekonderdele laag vir laag bou. Die vlak van akkuraatheid van die proses maak voorsiening vir die druk van pasgemaakte intern-aaneenlopende roosterstrukture en ontwerpe wat geskik is vir beenimplantate. Hierdie studie het die LCM-veraardigbaarheid van verskeie roosterstrukture ondersoek met die hidroksieapatiet (HA480) verskaf deur Lithoz. Verskillende roosterstrukture is gekarakteriseer. Die mikroskopiese struktuur, die samestelling en die oppervlakrofheid van die toetsmonsters is bepaal. Om die meganiese eienskappe van die strukture te verkry, is druktoetse uitgevoer. Die waargenome mikroporieë van ±3 µm en die makroporieë van ±320 µm was geskik vir beenselgroei. Die gemete mikrohardheid van HA480 was 556±25 HV in die bourigting en 559±27 HV loodreg op die bourigting. Die druksterkte van die rombiese dodekaëderroosterstruktuur was 4±0.5 MPa, en was beter as ander getoetste roosters. Uit die resultate is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat roosterstrukture wat deur LCM vervaardig word, die potensiaal het om gebruik te word vir vervaardiging van pasgemaakte beenregenererende steiers.

Lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that builds custom-designed, three-dimensional ceramic parts layer by layer. The level of precision of the process allows for the printing of custom-made interconnected lattices and designs suitable for bone implants. This study investigated the LCM printability of various lattice structures with the hydroxyapatite (HA480) supplied by Lithoz. Different lattice structures were characterised. The microscopic structure, the composition, and the surface roughness of the test specimens were determined. To obtain the mechanical properties of the structures, compression tests were performed. The observed micropores of ±3 µm and the macropores of ±320 µm were suitable for bone cell growth. The measured microhardness of HA480 was 556±25 HV in the built direction and 559±27 HV perpendicular to the built direction. The compressive strength of the rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure was 4±0.5 MPa, and was superior to other tested lattices. From the results it was concluded that lattice structures produced through LCM have the potential to be used to produce customised bone-regenerating scaffolds.

Abstract In view of enhanced Pc applications, doped materials have drawn much attention. The present work focused on synthesizing pure and Pd doped WO3 Np, which were used as Pc for MB and RhB aqueous solutions discoloration, under VL, by a unique MWI technique. XRD and TEM studies revealed that Pd dopant did not influence WO3 samples structure and morphology, since they had mono-dispersed spherical forms, with an average diameter of about 50-30 nm. Optical spectra showed a red shift in the absorption edges, with an increase in Ct of Pd from 0 to 10 wt%, which indicates the decrease in Eg of WO3 with Pd doping. Eg was calculated as 3.02, 2.84 and 2.73 eV, for pure and Pd (5 and 10 wt%) doped WO3 samples, respectively. Pc intensity of Pd doped WO3 was significantly higher than that of the pure one. This was due to the recombination of photo-excited electrons and holes. Pc activities of pure and Pd doped WO3 samples were analyzed based on their ability to degrade MB and RhB dyes under VL. Pd doped WO3 showed better Pc degradation, due to an increase in SA, and a decrease in Eg and O vacancies.

RESUMO Introdução: O setor da alimentação coletiva inclui um número razoável de trabalhadores envolvidos. Empiricamente, não existem dúvidas de que este setor possui áreas de trabalho que pela sua natureza envolvem uma série de fatores de risco que podem afetar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Conhecer e catalogar os mesmos, de modo a poder elaborar um plano preventivo, é essencial para a saúde do trabalhador (e da entidade que o emprega). Este artigo objetiva reunir os principais fatores de risco/riscos ocupacionais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de umaScoping Review, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada nas base de dados Medline (via Pubmed), realizada durante o mês de novembro de 2023, englobando artigos (em português e inglês), com as palavras-chave “kitchen worker” e “occupational” no título, sem limite temporal. Utilizou-se como complemento a ferramenta de análise de riscos “Online interactive risk assessment”, da Agência Europeia para a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho. Conteúdo: Os principais fatores de risco encontrados são exposição a agentes químicos (produtos na higienização das instalações e/ou hortofrutícolas, ou subprodutos derivados da confeção); riscos ergonómicos (posturas mantidas/ forçadas; movimentos repetitivos, manuseamento manual de cargas); riscos de acidentes (quedas ao mesmo nível ou a níveis diferentes; manuseamento de equipamentos/utensílios que aumentem o risco de queimaduras, cortes e/ou amputações); contato com equipamentos elétricos, ruído, stress térmico e riscos psicossociais. As principais doenças profissionais referem-se a condições musculoesqueléticas, psicossociais ou dermatológicas. Cada unidade deverá, no entanto, ser avaliada individualmente, mediante as suas caraterísticas intrínsecas. Conclusões: A segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores das unidades de alimentação coletiva são questões que merecem atenção constante dos Empregadores, reguladores e da sociedade em geral. Este artigo explorou alguns dos principais riscos ocupacionais e listou a necessidade de medidas preventivas eficazes. A redução destes riscos não é apenas uma responsabilidade ética e legal, mas uma estratégia inteligente para melhorar a eficiência operacional e a qualidade dos serviços, evitando acidentes, minimizando o absentismo, mas também melhorando a produtividade das empresas. Seria pertinente desenvolver investigações que avaliassem a realidade nacional.

SUMMARY Introduction: The food sector includes a reasonable number of workers involved. Empirically, there is no doubt that this sector has work areas that by their nature involve a series of risk factors that can affect the health. Knowing and cataloguing these, in order to be able to draw up a preventive plan, is essential for the health of the worker (and the entity that employs him). This article aims to gather the main occupational risk factors/occupational risks, occupational diseases and recommended protective measures at kitchen workers. Methodology: This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a search carried out in the Medline database (via Pubmed), carried out during the month of November 2023, encompassing articles (in Portuguese and English), with the keywords "kitchen worker" and "occupational" in the title, with no time limit. The risk analysis tool "Online interactive risk assessment" of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was used as a complement. Content: The main risk factors found are exposure to chemical agents (products used to clean facilities and/or fruit and vegetables, or by-products from cooking); ergonomic risks (maintained/forced postures; repetitive movements, manual handling of loads); accidents (falls at the same level or at different levels; handling of equipment/utensils that increase the risk of burns, cuts and/or amputations); contact with electrical equipment, noise, heat stress and psychosocial risks. The main occupational diseases refer to musculoskeletal, psychosocial or dermatological conditions. Each unit should, however, be evaluated individually, according to its intrinsic characteristics. Conclusions: The safety and health of kitchen workers are issues that deserve constant attention from employers, regulators and society at large. This article explored some of the main occupational hazards and listed the need for effective preventive measures. Reducing these risks is not only an ethical and legal responsibility, but a smart strategy to improve operational efficiency and quality of services, avoiding accidents, minimizing absenteeism, but also improving the productivity of companies. It would be pertinent to develop investigations that assess the national reality

Abstract: Currently, Ecuadorian electrical system operation is experiencing several technical challenges, such as: 1) neighboring electrical systems integration in the Andean Electrical Interconnection System (SINEA) and 2) primary energy sources diversification. Under these new operating conditions, dynamic safety may be compromised by frequency stability issues. Based on frequency regulation, the objective is to use control mechanisms and available generation reserves to respond suitably to the electrical system's demands. Within this context, it becomes imperative to devise methodologies that ensures fast and accurate responses of power-frequency control equipment, such as speed regulators employed for Primary Frequency Regulation in generators. Given this foundation, an approach is presented relying on heuristic optimization methodologies, for the development of a tool that helps to compute the parametric identification and adjustment of speed controllers. Using measurements obtained from the proposed methodology, the developed tool was able to effectively perform the identification and validation of the speed regulation system of the CCS power plant as well as to propose new parameters that improve the response of the identified system.

Resumen: En la actualidad, la operación del sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano experimenta varios desafíos técnicos, tales como: 1) la integración de sistemas eléctricos vecinos en el Sistema de Interconexión Eléctrica Andina (SINEA) y 2) la diversificación de las fuentes primarias de energía. Bajo estas nuevas condiciones operativas, la seguridad dinámica puede ser afectada por problemas de estabilidad de frecuencia. Con base en la regulación de frecuencia se busca, a través de mecanismos de control y reservas de generación disponible, responder en forma adecuada a las exigencias del sistema eléctrico. Bajo este contexto, es necesario el desarrollo de metodologías que permitan la respuesta rápida y precisa de los equipos de control potencia - frecuencia, tales como los reguladores de velocidad, los cuales actúan de forma local en los generadores para realizar la Regulación Primaria de Frecuencia. Con estos antecedentes, se propone una metodología, basada en métodos heurísticos de optimización, para el desarrollo de una herramienta que permita realizar la identificación paramétrica y ajuste de los reguladores de velocidad. Con las mediciones obtenidas en base a la metodología propuesta, la herramienta desarrollada logró de manera efectiva realizar la identificación y validación del sistema de regulación de velocidad de la central CCS así como proponer nuevos parámetros que mejoran la respuesta del sistema identificado.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em determinar o grau de associação entre o mapa social (Índice Sintético Econômico-habitacional-ISEH) e o nível de desenvolvimento educacional (Índice Sintético Educacional-ISE) modelizados para os municípios da bacia do rio Luján. A construção dos índices foi realizada através da aplicação de métodos de análise multivariada baseados em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e seus vínculos determinados pela Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais, utilizando um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão Espacial (SADE). O resultado permitiu contrastar a hipótese proposta; nesse sentido, são construídas uma afirmação teórica e uma ferramenta metodológica a partir da cartografia resultante. A análise evidencia a importância das variáveis contextuais e sua incidência nos indicadores de desenvolvimento educativo, sendo que a perspectiva espacial fornece as bases para apoiar a tomada de decisões espaciais a nível da gestão municipal.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the degree of association between the social map (Synthetic Economic-Housing Index-ISEH) and the level of educational development (Synthetic Educational Index-ISE) modeled for the municipalities of the Lujan River basin. The indices were constructed by applying multivariate analysis methods based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data determined their links using a spatial decision support system (SDSS). The result facilitated the contrast of the proposed hypothesis. In this sense, a theoretical statement and a methodological tool are built from the cartography. The analysis highlights the importance of contextual variables and their incidence on educational development indicators since the spatial perspective provides the bases to support spatial decision-making at the municipal management level.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en determinar el grado de asociación entre el mapa social (Índice Sintético Económico-habitacional - ISEH) y el nivel de desarrollo educativo (Índice Sintético Educativo - ISE) modelizados para los municipios de la cuenca del río Luján. La construcción de los índices fue realizada a partir de aplicar métodos de análisis multivariados basados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y sus vínculos determinados por el Análisis Exploratorio de Datos Espaciales mediante la aplicación de un Sistema de Ayuda a la Decisión Espacial (SADE). El resultado permitió contrastar la hipótesis planteada, en este sentido, se construye una afirmación teórica y una herramienta metodológica a partir de la cartografía resultante. El análisis pone en evidencia la importancia de las variables contextuales y su incidencia en los indicadores de desarrollo educativo, siendo que la perspectiva espacial brinda las bases para apoyar la toma de decisiones espaciales a nivel de la gestión municipal.

Abstract In the present study, a prediction of hardness deterioration and abrasive wear was performed through a neural network using artificial intelligence on a material printed in SLA. This article aims to predict the mechanical properties, wear resistance and surface hardness of parts manufactured by SLA stereolithography printing. A full factorial DOE was used to associate the peculiar parameters (print orientation, cure time, layer height) to perform experiments. The mechanical properties were evaluated according to ASTM regulations, with the objective of obtaining feeding data and validation of the predictions of the Taber Wear Index and hardness using an artificial neural network. The experimental results are in good agreement with the measured data with satisfactory prediction errors with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.01 corresponding to abrasive wear using the clear resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 0.09 with an R2 of 0.756, the prediction with the neural network with a mean square error (MSE) of 2.47 corresponding to abrasive wear using the tough resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 14.3 with an R2 of 0.97. It was shown that the accuracy of the prediction is reasonable, and the network has the potential to be improved if the experimental database for training the network could be expanded. Therefore, wear and hardness mechanical properties can be predicted appropriately with an ANN.

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó una predicción del deterioro de la dureza y el desgaste abrasivo a través de una red neuronal utilizando inteligencia artificial sobre un material impreso en SLA. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo predecir las propiedades mecánicas de resistencia al desgaste y dureza superficial de piezas fabricadas mediante impresión por estereolitografía (SLA). Para realizar los experimentos se utilizó un diseño factorial de dos niveles o DOE factorial completo y así asociar los parámetros peculiares (orientación de impresión, tiempo de curado, altura de la capa). Las propiedades mecánicas fueron evaluadas según normativas ASTM, con el objetivo de obtener datos de alimentación y validación de las predicciones del índice de desgaste Taber y la dureza empleando una red neuronal artificial. Los resultados experimentales concuerdan con los datos medidos con errores de predicción satisfactorios con un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 0,01 correspondiente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina transparente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 0,09 con un R2 de 0,76. La predicción con la red neuronal tiene un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 2.47 perteneciente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina resistente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 14,3 con un R2 de 0,97. Se demostró que la precisión de la predicción es razonable, y que la red tiene potencial para mejorar si se pudiera ampliar la base de datos experimental para entrenar la red. Por lo tanto, las propiedades mecánicas de desgaste y dureza se pueden predecir, adecuadamente, con una RNA.

Abstract This study researched S275JR MS corrosion sites deactivation in (Na3H(CO3)2) heavy deposits (Gamboru, Borno State, Nigeria), using PPQ as alternative inhibitor, and employed WL, HER, EIS, PDP, SEM and computational techniques. PPQ showed effective MS corrosion mitigation in (Na3H(CO3)2) heavy deposits. IE(%) of 98.8, 99.5, 82.9 and 95.9 %, for gravimetric, HER, EIS and PDP, respectively, at 208 K, were obtained. PPQ had a shortest (E of 0.1 eV, with a higher absolute molecular σ of 2.4, compared to molecular η of 0.4, which makes it a better inhibitor of MS corrosion in (Na3H(CO3)2) heavy deposits. With higher inhibitor Ct, its IE(%) increase and CR of MS decreased. This was due to PPQ molecules strong adsorption onto the MS surface. PPQ was also thermodynamically stable, showed less disorderliness, and its absorption was spontaneous and physical.

Peace education is the basis for global peace and a prerequisite for attaining sustainable development and global goals. Considering the widespread physical and structural violence and destructive protests across South African higher education, it is crucial to embrace peace education to deal with violence in all its forms. This article explores the need for peace education in the South African higher education curriculum. A qualitative critical review of the literature reveals widespread gender-based violence, sexual exploitation, destructive student protests at and the militarisation of universities through military force to quell violent student protests nationwide in South Africa. Lack of peace skills indicates that both lecturers, university management and students are in need peace education. Peace education must be incorporated in South African higher education. As part of a model for it, this article recommends the establishment of peace as a stand-alone subject, extra-curricular activities for peace and storytelling to deliver peace education and inculcate a culture of peace in both educators and students. More so, there is a need to embrace the pedagogy of peace education and establish institutes for peace and conflict resolution at every higher education institution in South Africa.

The current business climate has been described as being volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). This new world paradigm requires new skill sets. Professional bodies are responding to changes created by this new-world paradigm that university graduates will enter with revised competency frameworks that focus on business, digital, relational, and decision-making acumen (SAICA 2021b) and include both professional (i.e., non-technical) and technical skills. Historically, accounting departments that trained chartered accountants focused on developing technical competencies in students and did not have a tradition of research. Accounting departments are investigating various teaching initiatives or tools to help develop nontechnical skills in response to the changing work environment and to comply with the updated Competency Framework. Research projects, where students must formulate and investigate an unstructured question and present their findings, are used globally as a tool to develop professional competencies; however, there is limited application of research projects in the training of aspirant chartered accountants in South Africa. The 2020 cohort of postgraduate accounting students at a South African university provided a unique opportunity to investigate students' perceptions of professional skills competency development through a group research project as very few had prior experience in conducting research. This study documents students' perceptions of the use of the research project as a learning tool to develop specific professional competencies not traditionally taught and assessed. Although students found the research challenging, they believed that it supported the professional competency development required of future graduates that was not previously addressed appropriately.

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a crop of high socioeconomic importance for the semi-arid region of Brazil, although facing significant yield losses due to drought, requiring management strategies to overcome this scenario. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of cowpea genotypes under drought in different cultivation systems. The statistical design was randomized blocks arranged in a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme corresponding to two cowpea genotypes (BRS Pujante and Costela de Vaca), four levels of crop evapotranspiration (40, 60, 80, and 100%), and two cultivation systems (with and without soil mulching). The BRS Pujante showed a higher leaf area and 100-grain weight than Costela de Vaca under all levels of crop evapotranspiration. The cowpea yield parameters showed the best results at 80 and 100% crop evapotranspiration. Regardless of the genotype, soil mulching provided higher cowpea 100-grain weight values. Soil mulching combined with 80% crop evapotranspiration is an appropriate strategy for cowpea production.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi tem grande importância socioeconômica para o semiárido brasileiro, porém sofre perdas significativas de produção pelo estresse por seca, necessitando de estratégias de manejo para superar esse cenário. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a produção de genótipos de feijão-caupi sob estresse hídrico em diferentes sistemas de cultivo. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 4 × 2, correspondendo a dois genótipos de feijão-caupi (BRS Pujante e Costela de Vaca), quatro níveis de evapotranspiração da cultura (40, 60, 80 e 100%) e dois sistemas de cultivo (com e sem cobertura morta do solo). O genótipo de feijão-caupi BRS Pujante apresentou maior área foliar e peso de 100 grãos do que o genótipo Costela de Vaca em todos os níveis de evapotranspiração da cultura. Os parâmetros de produção do feijão-caupi apresentaram os melhores resultados a 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura. Independentemente do genótipo, a cobertura morta do solo proporcionou maiores valores de peso de 100 grãos de feijão-caupi. A cobertura do solo combinada com 80% da evapotranspiração da cultura é uma estratégia adequada para a produção de feijão-caupi.

ABSTRACT Although soybean is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world, it has been losing genetic diversity in recent decades, due to the intense breeding process and reproduction method. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines, and identify promising crossings. A total of 66 soybean genotypes were evaluated, 61 of which were pre-commercial lines, and five commercial cultivars (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) as controls. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. The distance matrix between the inbred lines was calculated by Mahalanobis distance and grouping by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The maximum distance was 1,776.26 between cultivar M7110 and the G23 inbred line, and the minimum 1.50 between inbred lines G13 and G36, with an average distance of 364.40, demonstrating genetic diversity. The traits that contributed most to genetic divergence were number of days to flowering (66.7%) and physiological maturation (28.55%). Inbred lines G60 (higher grain yield), G51 and G33 (lower physiological maturation) and cultivar M7110 (greater divergence) stood out. Four groups were formed, with G1 having the highest grain yield and fewest days to flowering and physiological maturation. The indicated crossings are between G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 and G32 (group G1) and G47 (group G4).

RESUMO A soja é uma das mais importantes comodities agrícolas mundiais, no entanto, devido ao intenso processo de melhoramento e sua forma de reprodução, vem perdendo diversidade genética ao longo das últimas décadas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico, estimar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens e identificar cruzamentos promissores. Para isto, foram avaliados 66 genótipos de soja, sendo 61 linhagens pré-comerciais e cinco cultivares comerciais (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) como controles. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A matriz de distância entre as linhagens foi calculada pela distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento pelo método da ligação média entre grupos (UPGMA). A distância máxima foi de 1.776,26 entre as linhagens M7110 e G23, e a mínima de 1,50 entre as linhagens G13 e G36, sendo a distância média de 364,40, demonstrando a existência de diversidade genética. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram número de dias para o florescimento (66,7%) e maturação fisiológica (28,55%). As linhagens G60 (maior produtividade de grãos), G51 e G33 (menor maturação fisiológica) e a cultivar M7110 (maior divergência) se destacaram. Formaram-se quatro grupos, sendo o grupo G1 com maior produtividade de grãos e menor número de dias para o florescimento e maturação fisiológica. Os cruzamentos indicados são entre G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 e G32 (grupo G1) com a G47 (grupo G4).