Over the last decade a considerable increase in the number of studies addressing the use of antioxidants from natural sources has led to the identification and understanding of the potential mechanisms of biologically active components. This results from the fact that they can be used to replace synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food. Murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz) is a native berry grown in Chile, and in the present study, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of its fruits were studied. Hydroalcoholic extracts of dehydrated fruits from two genotypes of murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.) were produced. Extracts of wild murtilla and 14-4 genotype fruits had 19.35 and 40.28mg GAE/g for Total Phenolic Compounds, 76.48, and 134.35μmol TEAC/g for DPPH, and 157.04 and 293.99 μmol TEAC/g for ABTS, respectively. Components such as quercetin, epicatechin, and gallic, benzoic and hydrocaffeic acids were identified by CG/MS analysis. All of them showed antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is possible to say that the hydroalcoholic extracts of murtilla have antioxidant potential to be used in lipidic food.

Antecedentes: Las propiedades de las plantas con potencial de conservación de los alimentos se conocen desde la antigüedad. El uso de hierbas y especias para mejorar las características sensoriales y prolongar la vida de los alimentos ha tenido un incremento considerable en años recientes. Objetivos: Comparar las propiedades antioxidantes del orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) y de la salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) en carne de pollo precocinada con 0,50% de sal. Métodos: Las muestras fueron separadas en tres grupos: control (sólo sal), 0,10% de orégano (planta seca) y 0,10% salvia (planta seca), almacenadas a -20°C durante 144 horas. Las muestras de pollo fueron envasadas en bolsas de polietileno con tres capas, específicas para la cocción al vacío y a altas temperaturas. Las muestras fueron pre-cocidas durante 8 minutos a 80°C. Se utilizó el hexanal como indicador de la oxidación lipídica. Los análisis para evaluar la formación de hexanal se realizaron en los tiempos de 0, 48, 96 y 144 horas de almacenamiento refrigerado. El hexanal se determinó por cromatografía de gases con detector de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), después de una micro-extracción en fase sólida en espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME) a 70°C, utilizando una fibra (DVD/CAR/PDMS) expuesta durante 20 minutos, y después de 5 minutos de equilibrio entre la muestra y el espacio de cabeza. El método ha sido validado de acuerdo a los parámetros más comunes, tales como límite de detección, linealidad, y repetibilidad. Resultados: Ambas plantas secas (orégano y salvia) son eficaces en la prevención de la oxidación lipídica de la carne de pollo durante 114 horas. El desarrollo de hexanal fue significativamente mayor en las muestras control, 34 μg/100g al inicio y 280 μg/100g de muestra al final del almacenamiento refrigerado. Conclusiones: La adición de 0,10% de orégano o salvia a las muestras en estudio resultó eficaz en la protección contra el desarrollo de hexanal. Además, el orégano demostró, en el largo plazo, ser más eficiente que la salvia. El nivel de hexanal para las 144 horas de almacenamiento fue de 5 μg/100g para el orégano y de 23 μg/100g para la salvia.

Background: The properties of plants with food preservation potential are well known since the antiquity. In recent years, the use of herbs and spices to improve the sensory characteristics and to extend the shelf-life of foods has been growing. Objectives: To compare oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) as a natural antioxidant in balls of chicken breast and added 0.50% salt. Methods: Samples of chicken meatballs were pre-cooked for 8 minutes in a water bath at 80° C, and packaged in polyethylene bags with three layers, specific for vacuum cooking and high temperatures. The samples were separated into three groups: control (just salt), 0.10% oregano (dry plant) and sage 0.10% (dry plant), stored at -20° C for 144 hours. The tests to verify the formation of hexanal in samples were performed in the period of 0, 48, 96 and 144 hours of refrigerated storage. The determination of hexanal, extracted by micro-extraction (headspace solid phase micro-extraction - HS-SPME), was used as an indicator of the lipid oxidation of the samples. The analysis was conducted by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass detector (GC-MS). The method was evaluated according to the validation parameters such as linearity, repeatability and detection limit. The extraction was conducted at 70° C using a fiber (DVD / CAR / PDMS) exposed for 20 minutes in the headspace after 5 minutes of equilibrium between the sample and the headspace. Results: Samples added 0.10% oregano or sage had effective protection in the development of hexanal, compared to control samples. The development of hexanal was significantly higher in the control samples, 34 μg of hexanal/100 g of sample at the beginning and 280 µg/100 g sample at the end of refrigerated storage. Conclusion: Herbs were effective in controlling the development of hexanal. However, the oregano was more effective than sage in preventing the formation of hexanal in chicken meatballs pre-cooked. The level of hexanal in herbs at the end of the storage period was 5 μg hexanal/100 g sample for oregano and 23 µg hexanal/100 g sample for sage.

Os grãos de cereais são suscetíveis ao ataque de insetos e micro-organismos durante o armazenamento. Pesquisas demonstram a viabilidade da utilização da tecnologia de irradiação gama para a conservação de grãos de cereais e seus produtos. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito de diferentes doses da radiação gama (3; 4,5; 6 kGy) em farinha de trigo e fubá e nos seus atributos sensoriais e físico-químicos. As amostras foram irradiadas em irradiador comercial modelo PR1 da CBN, com atividade de 1.200.000 Ci e a taxa de dose de 7 kGy/hora. A irradiação não afetou a qualidade oxidativa das farinhas durante o seu tempo de armazenamento definido dentro do período de validade usual de mercado, no entanto a qualidade sensorial foi afetada negativamente em todos os tratamentos, assim como as suas propriedades viscoelásticas. Sob as condições do experimento, se pode concluir que a irradiação pode ser uma alternativa para conservação de farinhas.

Cereals are susceptible to the attack of insects and microorganisms during storage. Research has demonstrated the viability of the use of gamma irradiation technology for the preservation of cereal grains and their products. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of different doses of gamma radiation (3; 4.5; and 6 kGy) on wheat and corn meal by evaluating the physicochemical and sensorial attributes of these flours. The samples were radiated in a commercial irradiator, model PR1 of the CBN, at 7 kGy/hour dose tax and activity of 1.200.000Ci. Irradiation did not affect the oxidative quality of the flours in any of the treatments administered prior to the expiration date. On the other hand, the organoleptical properties were negatively affected, as well as the viscoelastic properties of these flours. Under the conditions of our experiment, it can be concluded that irradiation may be an alternative means of flour preservation.

Foi conduzido um experimento utilizando-se 200 pintos de corte da linhagem Ross de 10 a 40 dias de idade alimentados com ração à base de milho e farelo de soja e suplementada com 4% de óleo de vísceras de aves fresco ou oxidado, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da qualidade do óleo utilizado nas rações sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte e a estabilidade oxidativa da carne de sobrecoxa congelada. Óleo de vísceras recém produzido com absorbâncias específicas de 5,80 a 232 nm e 0,690 a 532 nm, indicando a presença de quantidades mínimas de compostos de oxidação, foi congelado (-18ºC) até o momento da produção das rações. O óleo oxidado foi produzido a partir deste mesmo lote, que foi aquecido em uma fritadeira elétrica com temperatura em torno de 110 a 120ºC até atingir absorbâncias específicas de 11,33 (232 nm) e 2,31 (532 nm), caracterizando o acúmulo de compostos de ranço. Aos 41 dias de idade, 136 animais foram abatidos para avaliação das características de rendimento da carcaça e das partes e as sobrecoxas desossadas e sem pele foram embaladas e mantidas sob congelamento (-20ºC). O acompanhamento do processo de oxidação lipídica da carne congelada foi avaliado mensalmente pela determinação dos compostos secundários da oxidação (TBARS). O uso do óleo de vísceras oxidado não afetou o desempenho das aves, nem as características principais da carcaça. A partir do sexto mês de armazenamento, a estabilidade oxidativa da carne de sobrecoxa congelada foi comprometida pelo consumo de rações contendo o óleo oxidado, evidenciado pelo maior valor de TBARS.

Two hundred male Ross broiler chicks were raised from 10 to 40 days of age and fed a corn-soy diet with 4% of fresh or oxidized poultry offal fat to evaluate the effects of dietary fat quality on broiler performance and on oxidative stability of frozen thigh meat during storage. Fresh poultry fat, characterized by low concentration of oxidation products determined by specific absorbances of 5.80 and 0.69 at 232 and 270 nm, respectively, was supplied by a local renderer and stored frozen (-18ºC) until diets were produced. Oxidized poultry fat was obtained by heating the fresh poultry fat in a fryer at 110-120 ºC until specific absorbances reached 11.33 (at 232 nm) and 2.31 (at 270 nm), which show increased concentration of oxidation compounds. At 41 days of age, 136 birds were slaughtered and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Skinless and deboned raw thigh meat was packed and stored for 9 months in a non-illuminated freezer at -20ºC. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed monthly in the frozen samples to evaluate the oxidative status of stored meat. Birds performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by the presence of oxidized poultry fat in the diet. After six months of storage, the oxidative stability of frozen thigh meat from broilers fed oxidized poultry fat was reduced, indicated by higher TBARS values.

Um terço da captura mundial de pescado não é empregada para o consumo direto na alimentação humana, segue para elaboração de rações ou é desperdiçada como resíduo. O ideal seria utilizar a matéria-prima em toda a sua extensão e recuperar os subprodutos, evitando a própria formação do resíduo. Com os objetivos de aumentar a receita e a eficiência de produção da indústria e, conseqüentemente, minimizar os problemas ambientais e de sanidade, provenientes do resíduo de pescado, procedeu-se à elaboração da silagem química do resíduo de beneficiamento de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreocrhromis niloticus) após homogeneização e acidificação da biomassa com 3% de ácido fórmico: propiônico, 1:1, adição de antioxidante BHT e manutenção do pH ao redor de 4,0. Foram realizadas análises para determinação da umidade, proteína, lipídios e cinza. Os aminoácidos foram examinados em auto-analisador após hidrólise ácida, à exceção do triptofano determinado por colorimetria. A silagem de tilápia apresentou valores semelhantes ou superiores ao padrão da FAO para todos os aminoácidos essenciais, exceto para o triptofano. Os valores mais elevados encontrados foram para o ácido glutâmico, leucina e lisina. Os resultados indicam a utilização potencial da silagem, preparada a partir do resíduo de processamento da Tilápia-do-Nilo, como fonte protéica na formulação de ração para peixes, uma vez que esta apresentou teores maiores para todos os aminoácidos contidos na farinha de peixe, com exceção do triptofano.

One third of the world's fishing produce is not directly used for human consumption. Instead, it is used for making animal food or is wasted as residue. It would be ideal to use the raw material thoroughly and to recover by-products, preventing the generation of residues. With the objectives of increasing the income and the production of the industry, as well as minimizing environmental and health problems from fish residue, chemical silage from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) processing residues was developed after homogenization and acidification of the biomass with 3% formic acid: propionic, 1:1, addition of antioxidant BHT and maintenance of pH at approximately 4.0. Analyses to determine the moisture, protein, lipids and ash were carried out. The amino acids were examined in an auto analyzer after acid hydrolysis, except for the tryptophan which was determined through colorimetry. The tilapia silage presented contents that were similar to or higher than the FAO standards for all essential amino acids, except for the tryptophan. The highest values found were for glutamic acid, lysine and leucine. The results indicate a potential use of the silage prepared from the Nile tilapia processing residue as a protein source in the manufacturing of fish food.