ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.

Abstract The Paspalum genus has potential for further genetic improvement because of its adaptability to different ecosystems and production of high yields for grazing livestock. We estimate the genetic parameters of 195 intraspecific P. notatum hybrids using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), followed by selection based on Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) through multivariate analysis. The intraspecific hybrids studied showed considerable genetic variability in the evaluated forage traits, displaying their potential for progression in subsequent stages of the genetic improvement program. Notably, plant height emerged as an important trait for indirect selection to enhance forage production. The use of the REML/BLUP procedure proves to be a robust tool for data analysis, particularly for perennial species. Furthermore, multivariate analysis based on BLUPs should be used in the selection process within breeding programs. Based on the BLUP values, hybrids D3, D16, C17, C2 and B17 were identified as superior for forage production, and they hold promise for future breeding programs for future breeding initiatives aimed at direct selection to improve yield.

RESUMO: Andropogon lateralis Nees é uma gramínea nativa do sul do Brasil e uma das espécies mais frequentes na flora dos campos nativos da região. Possui ampla distribuição e alto grau de plasticidade fenotípica, tornando-o adaptável as condições edafoclimáticas e a práticas de desfolha. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dissimilaridade entre doze ecótipos de A. lateralis N., coletados em diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, submetidos a duas frequências de desfolha e três alturas de corte. No período de setembro a fevereiro, os ecótipos foram avaliados quanto à produção de matéria seca total, de lâminas foliares e de colmo. Além disso, foram medidos o número de perfilhos totais, vegetativos e reprodutivos e a altura das plantas. Essas características são importantes para a seleção de genótipos superiores em termos de variabilidade genética e produção de forragem. A matéria seca total e a matéria seca foliar são características com importância agronômica e apresentaram a maior correlação (r = 0,77), possibilitando uma seleção indireta para uma dessas características. A seleção natural das plantas resultou em características estruturais, morfológicas e produtivas distintas com uma heterogeneidade que permite a seleção e agrupamento de acordo com as características, ecótipos com características agronômicas superiores podem ser incluídos em programas de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT: Andropogon lateralis Nees is a native grass of southern Brazil and is one of the most frequent specie found in native grasslands. The species is widely distributed and has a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, which makes it highly adaptable to different edaphoclimatic conditions and management. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of twelve ecotypes of A. lateralis, collected in different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and cut to three different heights and subjected to two different defoliation frequencies. From September to February, the ecotypes were evaluated for total dry matter, leaf and stem yields. In addition, total, vegetative and reproductive tillers and plant height were measured. These characteristics are important for the selection of superior genotypes in terms of genetic variability and forage production. Total dry matter and leaf dry matter are characteristics with agronomic importance and they showed the highest correlation (r = 0.77), enabling an indirect selection for one of these characteristics. The natural selection of plants resulted in distinct structural, morphological and productive characteristics with heterogeneity that allows the selection and grouping according to the characteristics, ecotypes with superior agronomic characteristics can be included in breeding programs.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to identify the existence of root exudation of organic acid in Lotus corniculatus germplasms subjected to toxic aluminum (Al) levels and investigate the effect of this mechanism on the Al content in the root tissue and in morphological parameters of plant development. Two experiments were performed in nutrient solution to evaluate the Al accumulation and exudation of organic acids, using cultivars INIA Draco and São Gabriel and genotypes UFRGS and UF-T2. The plants were cultivated in Al-free solution, which was applied on the 45th day in half of the pots of each genotype. Root exudation was highly correlated with the reduced accumulation of Al in the root tissue (r2 = 0.75 at 72 h). Genotype UF-T2, selected for Al tolerance, extruded 80% more oxalic acid in the presence of Al compared with the other germplasms, indicating that this mechanism is involved with Al tolerance in L. corniculatus. This experiment showed strong evidence that L. corniculatus exhibits Type I tolerance, in which anionic channels are rapidly activated by Al exposure. Exudation of oxalic acid is likely a crucial mechanism that allows the maintenance of L. corniculatus growth when exposed to toxic Al conditions, and this characteristic should be used to identify tolerant genotypes in the future.

Resumo: Com o avanço das tecnologias de produção e de materiais, hoje é possível utilizar a Manufatura Aditiva (MA), também conhecida como impressão 3D, para a produção em grande escala de produtos acabados, com inúmeras vantagens como alto nível de personalização, simplificação do chão de fábrica e entrega rápida. O sequenciamento da produção, conhecido como Scheduling, é um tema bastante consolidado em sua área de pesquisa, mas sua aplicação dentro de um ambiente de MA enfrenta questões específicas que ainda foram pouco exploradas pelos pesquisadores. No presente artigo, realiza-se uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) para mapear o estado da arte no que tange o sequenciamento da produção em MA, discutindo o conteúdo de 27 artigos publicados em revistas, entre os anos de 2017 à 2021. Foram identificados os principais modelos matemáticos, algoritmos adotados para sua solução e as características principais dos experimentos computacionais realizados. Os resultados mostram que algumas características do problema ainda podem ser incluídas nos modelos, como a possibilidade de terceirização e restrições de tecnologia, que foram pouco exploradas na literatura. Observa-se, ainda, a necessidade de experimentos computacionais mais robustos para uma melhor avaliação das soluções propostas pelos autores.

Abstract: Advancements in production technologies and materials have facilitated the use of additive manufacturing (AM) (i.e., 3D printing) in the large-scale production of finished products with high level of customization, simplification of the factory floor, and fast delivery. Production sequencing is a well-established topic in this research area; however, its application to an AM environment suffers from specific issues that are yet to be explored. This paper presents a systematic literature review for mapping the state-of-the-art production sequencing methods in AM and for discussing the content of 26 articles published in magazines between 2017–2020. The main mathematical models, algorithms adopted for their solution, and main characteristics of computational experiments performed in these articles are identified; the results indicate that some characteristics of the problem can still be included in these models, such as the possibility of outsourcing and technology restrictions, which are yet to be explored in the literature. Further, authors observed the need for more robust computational experiments to better evaluate the proposed solutions.

Abstract The Vila Jussara Suite (VJS) is formed by Neoarchean (~ 2.75 Ga) granites that are located in the Sapucaia Domain of the Carajás Province (CP), Amazonian Craton. Four petrographic varieties were identified in the VJS: biotite-hornblende monzogranite (BHMzG); biotite-hornblende tonalite (BHTnl); biotite monzogranite (BMzG); and hornblende-biotite granodiorite (HBGd). In terms of magnetic signature, BHMzG has two subgroups: the first subgroup has low magnetic susceptibility (MS) values (0.16 × 10-3 to 0.81 × 10-3) and more commonly contains ilmenite with titanite rims; the second subgroup shows moderate to high MS (1.91 × 10-3 to 6.02 × 10-3) and magnetite dominant over ilmenite. BHTnl has moderate MS (0.85 × 10-3 to 1.36 × 10-3) and dominance of pyrite followed by magnetite. BMzG and HBGd have comparatively high MS (3.35 × 10-3 to 19.3 × 10-3 and 2.14 × 10-3 to 25.0 × 10-3, respectively), with magnetite dominant over pyrite. The granite varieties of the VJS were formed under different oxygen fugacity (fO2) conditions, varying from reducing (< fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ)) to oxidizing conditions (nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) to NNO+1). In addition, biotite-hornblende syenogranite occurs subordinately and shows high MS values and extremely high FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) ratios, both in whole-rock and amphibole and biotite. The granites of the VJS are similar to other Neoarchean granites of the Carajás province. The reduced VJS granites are akin to the ferroan granites of Planalto suite, Estrela Complex and Vila União area and the magnesian granites of VJS approach the magnesian granites of Vila União area.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to describe morphology and grouping of Paspalum notatum accessions, based on multicategorical data which discards the redundant variables for quantification of genetic diversity. We also tested the hypothesis that geographical distance was correlated with morphological divergence. In our study, multivariate analyzes successfully demonstrated the geographic and morphological variability of the P. notatum accessions characterized. Many of these evaluated accessions can be included in future genetic improvement programs. Based on two methodologies for discarding variables, it was possible to identify the potentially important morphological characteristics from genetic diversity studies and characterize new accessions aimed at improving forage and seed production. The methodologies used to discard variables are biometric tools that can be used successfully in future plant breeding programs, especially when a large number of traits and accessions are being evaluated. Although significant, geographic distance had a low association with morphological traits. This indicated the need to use other characteristics, such as forage and seed yield, in addition to molecular analysis. Our analyzes showed genetic variability in P. notatum for all the characteristics studied.

Abstract We present this manuscript as a methodological approach and general guidelines for geochemical mapping and background/baseline projects for environmental assessment in tropical areas. A case study was carried out in the Itacaiúnas River watershed (IRW), Eastern Amazon, to fill in a gap in knowledge on the distribution of chemical elements, particularly those potentially toxic, in the near-surface environment of the area. The high-impact results of this research project revealed the need for similar scientific investigation across the globe with the implementation of a systematic methodology. The study shows, for example, the importance of well-planned field activities, multi-medium sampling, analytical methods, laboratory procedures, database construction, and general aspects of data processing and statistical treatment. The importance of this contribution is that it can be used as a reference in support of geospatial analysis in research within the scope of geochemical mapping and background-baseline projects. The database is accessible through a web-based geographic information system front-end; a Geochemical Atlas of the IRW will be available as soon as possible.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine Paspalum notatum genotypes appropriate for the establishment of mixtures with temperate legumes and compare the productivity of mixtures with mineral-fertilized systems along two years. Four hybrids of P. notatum, ecotype Bagual and cv. Pensacola, were either subjected to mixtures with white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or fertilized with 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha−1 year−1. P. notatum leaf blades and stems and herbage accumulation denoted a management × year interaction. Herbage accumulation varied between the mixtures and fertilized systems in first year, while in the second year, herbage accumulation of mixed systems employing the B26, B43, C22, C9, and Bagual genotypes were similar to that of systems fertilized with 120 and 240 kg N ha−1. Hybrids B26 and C9 and ecotype Bagual, once made available to producers, could be indicated for mixtures with temperate legumes because they are superior to cv. Pensacola. Herbage accumulation in mixtures involving white clover plus birdsfoot trefoil and P. notatum genotypes is similar to that of mineral nitrogen-fertilized systems with 240 kg N ha−1, emphasizing the viability of mixed between these species.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate 94 Paspalum notatum genotypes over two growing seasons to estimate genetic dissimilarity through agronomic traits and the distance between genotypes. This information is used to create an ideotype from the best averages obtained for the set of characteristics evaluated. Seven apomitic, three sexual, and 81 hybrid genotypes were compared with native genotypes “André da Rocha”, “Bagual”, and cultivar “Pensacola” as controls. There is genetic variability in P. notatum for the studied characteristics, and distinct genotypes with superior characteristics can be used in new combinations between apomictic and sexual plants to obtain hybrids. The characters with the greatest relative contribution to the dissimilarity between the genotypes were tiller density, stem dry mass, and leaf dry mass yield. Thus, these characteristics are suitable criteria to infer genetic distance studies in P. notatum . The selection index based on the ideotype is an auxiliary tool in the breeding process. The ideotype must be based on characteristics of interest according to the objective of the breeding program, as well as on the breeder’s prior knowledge in relation to culture.

Resumo Inatividade física e sedentarismo são associados com baixa saúde física e mental. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as mudanças nos hábitos dos participantes brasileiros praticantes de atividades físicas em relação às suas práticas, devido às medidas de distanciamento social durante a epidemia COVID-19 em 2020. O objetivo secundário foi descrever seus níveis de ansiedade e depressão. O questionário utilizado nesta pesquisa on-line incluiu informações demográficas, questões sobre a autopercepção do impacto do COVID-19 nas rotinas da vida e a Escala de Depressão de Ansiedade Hospitalar de 14 itens. Um total de 1.613 adultos completou o questionário entre 11 e 15 de maio de 2020. Destes, 79,4% relataram que as medidas para conter a epidemia tiveram algum impacto em suas atividades físicas e muitos tiveram que interromper ou diminuir a frequência de suas práticas. Os participantes que sentiram um maior impacto da quarentena em suas atividades físicas tendem a ter maior prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Os indivíduos que praticavam atividades físicas relataram que o distanciamento social teve alta influência em suas práticas. Além disso, as mudanças destes hábitos são associadas com altos níveis de precária saúde mental.

Abstract Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with poor physical and mental health. The article aims to assess the changes in the habits of the Brazilian participants engaged in physical activities in relation to their practices, due the measures of social distancing during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The secondary objective was to describe their levels of anxiety and depression. The questionnaire used in this online survey included demographic information, questions about self-perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 in the life routines and the 14-item Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. A total of 1,613 adults completed the questionnaire between May 11 and 15, 2020. Of those, 79.4% reported that the measures to contain the epidemic had any impact on their physical activities, and many had to interrupt or decrease the frequency of their practices. Participants who felt a higher impact of quarantine on their physical activities tend to have higher prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Individuals who practiced physical activities reported that social distance had a high influence on their practices. Furthermore, changes in these habits are associated with high levels of poor mental health.

Resumo Inatividade física e sedentarismo são associados com baixa saúde física e mental. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as mudanças nos hábitos dos participantes brasileiros praticantes de atividades físicas em relação às suas práticas, devido às medidas de distanciamento social durante a epidemia COVID-19 em 2020. O objetivo secundário foi descrever seus níveis de ansiedade e depressão. O questionário utilizado nesta pesquisa on-line incluiu informações demográficas, questões sobre a autopercepção do impacto do COVID-19 nas rotinas da vida e a Escala de Depressão de Ansiedade Hospitalar de 14 itens. Um total de 1.613 adultos completou o questionário entre 11 e 15 de maio de 2020. Destes, 79,4% relataram que as medidas para conter a epidemia tiveram algum impacto em suas atividades físicas e muitos tiveram que interromper ou diminuir a frequência de suas práticas. Os participantes que sentiram um maior impacto da quarentena em suas atividades físicas tendem a ter maior prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Os indivíduos que praticavam atividades físicas relataram que o distanciamento social teve alta influência em suas práticas. Além disso, as mudanças destes hábitos são associadas com altos níveis de precária saúde mental.

Abstract Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with poor physical and mental health. The article aims to assess the changes in the habits of the Brazilian participants engaged in physical activities in relation to their practices, due the measures of social distancing during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The secondary objective was to describe their levels of anxiety and depression. The questionnaire used in this online survey included demographic information, questions about self-perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 in the life routines and the 14-item Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. A total of 1,613 adults completed the questionnaire between May 11 and 15, 2020. Of those, 79.4% reported that the measures to contain the epidemic had any impact on their physical activities, and many had to interrupt or decrease the frequency of their practices. Participants who felt a higher impact of quarantine on their physical activities tend to have higher prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Individuals who practiced physical activities reported that social distance had a high influence on their practices. Furthermore, changes in these habits are associated with high levels of poor mental health.

Abstract The Pedra Branca suite (2.75 Ga) is located in the Canãa dos Carajás domain in the southeastern Amazonia Craton. It diverges from typical TTG in mineralogical and geochemical terms, by the presence of hornblende and clinopyroxene and because it has a high content of HFSE (Zr, Y, Ti, and Nb). It belongs to the low-K subalkaline series, which varies from metaluminous to peraluminous, and are mostly calc and ferroan granitoids. Amphibole is calcic and classified as ferroan-edenite, and hastingsite. Plagioclase is mainly oligoclase. The Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios found in the amphiboles indicate that these granitoids were formed under high to moderate fO2 conditions. Geobarometric calculations suggest pressures between 9.3 and 71 Kbar for the origin and 4.8-53.4 Kbar for the emplacement. Geothermometric calculations suggest initial crystallization temperatures between 945 and 862°C, and the water content in the magma is estimated to be higher than 4 wt%. The magma source was defined as tholeiitic continental gabbro melted in an extensional setting (Carajás Rift) with geochemical features similar to diabase from Nova Canadá (PA). The Pedra Branca magma was originated by partial melting (~28%), leaving a residue with plagioclase (An40), hornblende, clinopyroxene, and may or may not have magnetite.

Abstract Paspalum notatum is an important forage native to Southern Brazil and one of the most promising fodder species in terms of productivity, quality, resistance and growth speed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive mode and fertility of hybrid progenies resulting from artificial crosses among artificially duplicated sexual plants, selected intraspecific hybrids of the UFRGS breeding program and apomictic ecotypes of the species. The resulting F1 progenies were represented by 24 plants with high pollen viability (varying from 82.15 to 99.67%) and 1.2:1 segregation for the sexual: apomictic reproduction mode, indicating predominantly sexual hybrids, due to distorted segregation. In the apomictic plants, most chromosomes paired as bivalents in diakinesis. Since the low presence of abnormalities observed in the meiotic chromosome pairing and the high pollen viability of the hybrids, all plants were confirmed as promising parents for future crosses.