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Resumo O extrato bruto de Marcetia macrophylla mostrou atividade antioxidante, fotoprotetora e antinociceptiva, sendo em seguida investigado como ingrediente ativo em uma formulação fotoprotetora. Assim, o extrato de M. macrophylla apresentou atividade antioxidante com IC50 de 3,43 mg/mL (teste de sequestro do DPPH∙) e Fator de Proteção Solar de 20,25 (FPS/UV-B, 250 µg/mL) e UV-A de 78,09% (teste de fotobranqueamento do trans-resveratrol). A atividade antinociceptiva usando o teste in vivo de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético foi superior a todos os padrões testados (99,14% na dose de 200 mg/Kg). A análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de fotodiodos e espectroscopia de massas multi-estágio (CLAE-DAD-EM/EM) possibilitou a caracterização dos flavonoides quercetina-3-O-hexosídeo, quercetina-3-O-pentosídeo e quercetina-3-O-desoxihexosídeo. A formulação farmacêutica contendo o extrato ativo bruto de Marcetia macrophylla foi preparada e os testes físico-químicos (características organolépticas, análise de pH e centrifugação), o UVB in vitro (fator de proteção solar, FPS) e UVA (β-caroteno) foram investigados. A formulação apresentou resultados satisfatórios frente aos parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados e ativos contra UV. Assim, M. macrophylla apresentou atividades biológicas com potencial uso em preparações fitofarmacêuticas.

Abstract The antioxidant, photoprotective and antinociceptive Marcetia macrophylla active extract was investigated as an active ingredient in a sunscreen cream formulation. Thus, the M. macrophylla extract showed IC50 of 3.43 mg/ml of the antioxidant (DPPH∙ scavenging test) and Sun Protection Factor of 20.25 (SPF/UV-B, at 250 µg/ml) and UV-A of 78.09% (photobleaching trans-resveratrol test). The antinociceptive activity was superior to all standards tested using the in vivo acetic acid-induced writhing test (99.14% at the dose of 200 mg/kg) and the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectroscopy multi-stage (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) enabled the structural characterization of the quercetin-3-O-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-pentoside and quercetin-3-O-desoxihexoside. The pharmaceutical formulation containing the Marcetia macrophylla crude active extract was prepared and the physicochemical tests (organoleptic characteristics, pH analysis and centrifugation), the in vitro UVB (sun protection factor, SPF) and UVA (β-carotene) using the spectroscopic method were investigated. The formulation showed satisfactory results concerning the physicochemical parameters evaluated and active against the UV test. Thus, M. macrophylla showed biological activities with potential use in pharmaceutical preparations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.246312 183 downloads

Identification of Self-Buffer Layer on GaN/glass Films Grown by Reactive Sputtering
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Oliveira, R. S. de

; Folli, H. A.

; Horta, I. M.

; Damasceno, B. S.

; Augstrose, J. H. C.

; Miyakawa, W.

; Pereira, A. L. J.

; Massi, M.

; Silva Sobrinho, A. S. da

; Leite, D. M. G.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20230005

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work reports on the properties of GaN films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering onto glass substrate kept at relatively low temperature (400°C), using different RF power applied to the Ga target. Their structural, morphological, vibrational and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force and scanning electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The films have wurtzite phase with strong preferential orientation in the c-axis direction. Moreover, two clear contributions to the (0002) diffraction peak could be found, indicating the presence of two different morphologies, which were discussed in terms of the formation of an intermediate layer between the substrate and a dominating columnar-like microstructured film.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0005

Microbiological evaluation of homemade mayonnaise and self-serve acai sold in Araguaína, Tocantins
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Paiva, M. J. M.

; Silva, M. L. R.

; Alcantara, M. R.

; Santos, F. B. S.

; Costa, J. V. R.

; Diogo, R. F.

; Silva, L. T. F.

; Santos, A. L.

; Guedes, E. H. S.

; Vellano, P. O.

; Magalhães, C. C. R. G. N.

; Damasceno, I. A. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275603

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Foodborne diseases are common illnesses caused by the consumption of food contaminated with microorganisms, such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and protozoa. Every year, 600 million people become ill and 420,000 people die as a result of consuming contaminated food. Therefore, food safety is an important issue. In this study, samples of homemade spiced mayonnaise and self-serve acai sold in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil were analyzed for microbiological contaminants. Acai was collected from 10 stores, one sample from each store, and tested for mold, yeast, and coliforms, as well as coliform identification and total and thermotolerant coliform counts. Mayonnaise was collected from 20 snack bars, one sample from each. These samples were inoculated on MacConkey and Salmonella Shigella agar plates, and the plates were analyzed for growth. Salmonella spp. were detected in some Mayonnaise samples, and coliforms were detected in all acai samples; 60% of samples had thermotolerant coliforms, and only 40% were within the limits established by ANVISA. The collected samples of mayonnaise and acai were contaminated with molds and yeasts above the established limit of 103 CFU/g. Thus, the analyzed mayonnaise and acai samples were contaminated and unfit for consumption, demonstrating the importance of hygienic-sanitary measures in food handling.

Resumo As doenças transmitidas por alimentos são doenças comuns causadas pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados com microrganismos, como vírus, fungos, bactérias e protozoários. Todos os anos, 600 milhões de pessoas ficam doentes e 420.000 pessoas morrem como resultado do consumo de alimentos contaminados. Portanto, a segurança alimentar é uma questão importante. Neste estudo, amostras de maionese temperada caseira e açaí self-service vendidas na cidade de Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil foram analisadas quanto a contaminantes microbiológicos. O açaí foi coletado em 10 lojas, uma amostra de cada loja, e testado para mofo, levedura e coliformes, bem como identificação de coliformes e contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A maionese foi coletada de 20 lanchonetes, sendo uma amostra de cada. Essas amostras foram inoculadas em placas de ágar MacConkey e Salmonella Shigella, e as placas foram analisadas quanto ao crescimento. Salmonela spp. foram detectados em algumas amostras de maionese e coliformes foram detectados em todas as amostras de açaí; 60% das amostras apresentaram coliformes termotolerantes, e apenas 40% estavam dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela ANVISA. As amostras coletadas de maionese e açaí estavam contaminadas com bolores e leveduras acima do limite estabelecido de 103 UFC/g. Assim, as amostras de maionese e açaí analisadas estavam contaminadas e impróprias para o consumo, demonstrando a importância das medidas higiênico-sanitárias na manipulação de alimentos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275603

Influence of maternal periuterine and periovarian fat on reproductive performance and fetal growth in rats
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GOMES, MARIA EDUARDA P.

; DIDOMIZIO, LUIGI M.J.

; SINZATO, YURI K.

; PAULA, VERÔNYCA G.

; SOUZA, MAYSA R.

; GALLEGO, FRANCIANE Q.

; BARCO, VINÍCIUS S.

; VOLPATO, GUSTAVO T.

; DAMASCENO, DÉBORA CRISTINA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 2 elocation e20230079

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We aimed to evaluate how high-fat diet consumption can interfere with rat reproductive performance and fetal development. High-fat diet (HFD) was initiated in 30-day-old rats, distributed into two groups (n=7 animals/group): Rats receiving a standard diet and rats receiving HFD. At adulthood, the rats were mated, and on day 21 of pregnancy, the females were anesthetized, decapitated, and submitted to laparotomy to obtain visceral and periovarian adipose tissue. The uterine horns were exposed for analysis of maternal reproductive performance. The fetuses and placentas were weighed and analyzed. Pearson’s correlation test was used, and p<0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant positive correlation (HFD consumption x increased periovarian fat) and a negative correlation with the implantation, live fetus numbers and lower litter weight. Furthermore, the increased relative weight of periuterine fat was related to the lower number of live fetuses and litter weight. Regarding the fetal weight classification, there was a negative correlation between the relative weight of periovarian fat and the percentage of fetuses appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age. Therefore, our findings show that HFD maternal intake negatively influenced on reproductive performance and fetal growth.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230079

Structural, Morphological, Vibrational and Optical Properties of GaN Films Grown by Reactive Sputtering: The Effect of RF Power at Low Working Pressure Limit
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Oliveira, R. S. de

; Folli, H. A.

; Stegemann, C.

; Horta, I. M.

; Damasceno, B. S.

; Miyakawa, W.

; Pereira, A. L. J.

; Massi, M.

; Silva Sobrinho, A. S. da

; Leite, D. M. G.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e20210432

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This work reports the properties of GaN films grown onto c-Si (100) at relatively low substrate temperature (400°C) by reactive magnetron sputtering. The study depicts the effect of working pressure and RF power on the GaN film structural, vibrational and optical properties characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force and scanning electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Unusual low pressure deposition condition (0.40 Pa) was achieved by using a separated argon inlet directed to the Ga target surface, resulting in improved crystalline quality of the films. In this condition, the preferential crystalline orientation, the surface morphology and the optical gap of the GaN films show a strong dependence on the RF power applied to the Ga target, where low RF power (30-60 W) was responsible for increasing the c-axis orientation and the optical gap, while higher RF power (75-90 W) decreased the overall crystal quality and increased the surface roughness.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0432

Structure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of iso and non-iso architected TiN/Cr multilayers coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering
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Soares, Vagner F. G.

; Ramirez, Daniel A.

; Damasceno, Igor Z.

; Echevirrigaray, Fernando G.

; Figueroa, Carlos A.

; Perotti, Bruna L.

; Serafini, Francisco L.

; Oliveira, Givanilson B.

; Terto, André R.

; Tentardini, Eduardo K.

Materials Research

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2021, Volume 24 N. 1 elocation e20200315

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Iso and non-iso architected TiN/Cr multilayers with constant composition were deposited by balanced magnetron sputtering aiming to investigate the influence of different architectures over coatings structures and properties. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy analyses were used to determine in-depth constituents and suggested that no diffusion of elements occurred between layers in room temperature. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that all multilayers presented sharp interfaces and low porosity microstructures, with column-like grain growth influenced by layer sizes. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction analyses showed that multilayers consist of polycrystalline α-Cr and δ-TiN phases with a main peak in Cr(110) plane. The overlapping of TiN onto metallic layers led to the suppression of growth in the TiN(111) plane, although TiN layers thicker than 50 nm demonstrated a growth in plane TiN(200). Nanoindentation tests registered equal hardness values for all multilayers of around 16.2 GPa, on the other hand, a tendency to improve hardness has been identified for hierarchical multilayer. Oxidation tests revealed that architectures with thicker TiN top layers presented an improved oxidation resistance up to 600 ºC, probably due to growth in more compact TiN(200) plane. However, TiN/Cr coatings did not resist integrally to oxidation tests at 750 ºC.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0315 518 downloads

Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the São Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae)
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Pio, I. D. S. L.

; Lavor, A. L.

; Damasceno, C. M. D.

; Menezes, P. M. N.

; Silva, F. S.

; Maia, G. L. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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jan 2019, Volume 79 N. 1 Pages 87 - 99

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas nas ilhas do Massangano, Jatobá II e Rodeadouro, localizadas entre Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, no submédio do rio São Francisco e posterior investigação fitoquímica e farmacológica da espécie mais citada, conforme a indicação da comunidade. Realizaram-se visitas de observação nas ilhas e os dados etnobotânicos foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 informantes-chave. Calculou-se a Importância Relativa (IR), a Porcentagem Corrigida de Concordância quanto ao Uso Principal (CUPc) e o Valor de Uso (VU). Utilizaram-se as partes aéreas da espécie mais citada para obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB-Re), suas frações hexânica (HEX-Re), clorofórmica (CLO-Re) e acetato de etila (AE-Re); o produto liofilizado (LIO-Re) e o óleo essencial (OE-Re). A técnica de microdiluição foi usada para determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para microorganismos selecionados. A atividade espasmolítica foi avaliada em fragmentos isolados de útero de ratas Wistar pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM. Foram relatadas 34 espécies, contidas em 22 famílias diferentes. A maioria das plantas era cultivada pelos moradores. Registraram-se 51 enfermidades diferentes, mas a principal indicação foi doenças parasitárias e infecciosas. A espécie Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer foi a mais citada, com principal indicação para tratar infecção do trato urinário e dismenorreia. O screening fitoquímico revelou prevalência de flavonoides, taninos, lignanas e saponinas em LIO-Re e AE-Re e compostos terpênicos em HEX-Re e CLO-Re. Os testes antibacterianos mostraram que AE-Re é mais atuante contra E. coli e S. aureus do que para P. aeruginosa. O EEB-Re tem efeito parcial contra bactérias gram-negativas e OE-Re possui moderada resposta para todos microorganismos testados. LIO-Re, EEB-Re e HEX-Re possuem atividade espasmolítica dependente da concentração, sem diferença significativa e sem relaxamento total. Este trabalho trouxe conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais pelos ribeirinhos do rio São Francisco e revela a importância de estudos mais aprofundados para a comprovação científica do uso popular da R. echinus.

Abstract This study aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of the Rodeadouro Island, Jatoba Island and Massangano Island, located in The Submedium São Francisco River Valley. Also phytochemicals and preliminary pharmacological tests were performed to species most cited by the community. Ethnobotanical data were collected through observation visits and semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. We calculated the relative importance (RI), the percentage of agreement related to the main uses (cAMU) and use value (UV). The aerial parts of Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer were used to obtain the lyophilizate (LYO-Re), crude ethanol extract (CEE-Re) and their hexanic (HEX-Re), chloroform (CLO-Re) and ethyl acetate (EA-Re) fractions. The microdilution technique was used for determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selected microorganisms. Already the spasmolytic effect was evaluated in isolated uterus fragments of Wistar rats, pre contracted with KCl 60 mM. We found 34 species cited, belonging to 22 families. The most plants were grown by locals. There were 51 different diseases, but the main indication was infectious and parasitic diseases. The species R. echinus was the most reported and it was indicated for urinary tract infection and dysmenorrhea. The screening revealed a higher prevalence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans and saponins in LYO-Re and AE-Re. Already terpene compounds were more present in HEX-Re and CLO-Re. The RE-Re fraction stood out with strong effect against E. coli and S. aureus while CEE-Re has moderate effect against gram-negative bacteria. The evaluation of the spasmolytic activity showed that LYO-Re, CEE-Re and HEX-Re fractions have similar activity, with partial effect and concentration-dependent response. This work brought about knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the riparian of the São Francisco River. It also revealed the importance of other methodologies for scientific evidence for the popular use of R. echinus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.177447 2213 downloads

TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER WITH HIGH FAT CONTENT EMPLOYING AN ENZYME POOL AND BIOSURFACTANT: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
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Damasceno, Fernanda R. C.

; Cavalcanti-Oliveira, Elisa D.

; Kookos, Ioannis K.

; Koutinas, Apostolis A.

; Cammarota, Magali C.

; Freire, Denise M. G.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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jun 2018, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 531 - 542

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The combination of 0.5% weight per volume (w/v) crude enzyme consortia produced by solid state fermentation with Penicillium brevicompactum and 27 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by submerged fermentation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was employed to pretreat wastewater from a poultry slaughterhouse in bench upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactors. One bioreactor was fed with untreated wastewater (Control) and another with pretreated wastewater (Test). Under an organic loading rate of 11 kg COD/m3.d, the Test bioreactor showed higher specific methane production (67.8 mL CH4 (STP)/g COD removed), higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) (91.2%), and oil and grease (O&G) (95.8%) removal than the Control bioreactor, which produced 36.1 - 16.9 mL CH4 (STP)/g COD removed with 72.5% COD removal and 48% O&G removal. The Control bioreactor experienced five clogging episodes due to the accumulation of fat on the surface, while the Test bioreactor operated without operational problems. The scum of the Control bioreactor contained more than 10 times higher quantities of fat than the Test bioreactor. The economic analysis indicated that such alternative technology has lower costs than conventional technology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160711 3854 downloads

O papel terapêutico do Programa Farmácia Viva e das plantas medicinais
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PEREIRA, J. B. A.

; RODRIGUES, M. M.

; MORAIS, I. R.

; VIEIRA, C. R. S.

; SAMPAIO, J. P. M.

; MOURA, M. G.

; DAMASCENO, M. F. M.

; SILVA, J. N.

; CALOU, I. B. F.

; DEUS, F. A.

; PERON, A. P

; ABREU, M. C.

; MILITÃO, G. C. G.

; FERREIRA, P. M. P.

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais

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dec 2015, Volume 17 N. 4 Pages 550 - 561

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMOEste trabalho realizou um levantamento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais na cidade de Picos-PI, identificou as plantas cultivadas no horto pertencente ao Laboratório Fitoterápico de Picos (LAFIPI), e analisou o uso de fitoterápicos dispensados pelo Programa Farmácia Viva no triênio 2008-2010. Do total dos 750 entrevistados, 37,6% foram homens e 62,4 % mulheres, dentre os quais a maioria não concluiu o segundo grau (69,2%) e 77,2% possuíam renda mensal de até dois salários mínimos. Com relação ao consumo de plantas medicinais, 76,3% afirmaram utilizá-las para tratar doenças, principalmente por considerá-las mais saudáveis (84,8%). A indicação do uso foi orientada, sobretudo, por familiares (82,2%), embora a maioria adquira as plantas em feiras livres (32,8%). Das 127 plantas relatadas, as mais citadas foram erva-cidreira, boldo e hortelã, sendo as folhas a parte mais utilizada (42,3%), predominantemente por infusão (39,4%). As aplicações mais lembradas foram para tratar dores em geral (17%), distúrbios respiratórios (16,5%) e digestivos (16%). As espécies mais cultivadas no horto são chambá (Justicia pectoralis), alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides), malva santa (Plectranthus barbatus) e erva cidreira (Lippia alba). O lambedor de chambá foi o fitoterápico mais procurado pela população entre 2008 e 2010. Esse estudo descreveu, pela primeira vez, o uso tradicional de plantas medicinais no município de Picos e demonstrou, também de forma inédita, a relevância de investimentos do Programa Farmácia Viva no município de Picos e sua inclusão no Programa Saúde da Família como forma de disponibilizar à população de baixa renda fitoterápicos produzidos localmente a custos reduzidos.

ABSTRACTThis study performed a research about the use of medicinal plants in Picos city, identifying the plants grown in the garden belonging to the Laboratory of Phytotherapics in Picos (LAFIPI) and analying the use of phytotherapics distributed by the Farmácia Viva Project between 2008-2010. From the total of 750 interviewed participants, 37.6% were men and 62.4 % women. Most of them do not have secondary education (69.2%) and 77.2% had an income of up until two minimum wages. Regarding consumption of medicinal plants, 76.3 % used them to treat diseases, mainly because they considered them to be healthier (84.8%). The indication of use of the plants was mainly suggested by relatives (82.2%), even though the majority of the participants acquires plants in open markets (32.8%). From the 127 plants mentioned, the most cited ones were balm, boldo and mint, and leaves were the most utilized parts (42.3%), predominantly by infusion (39.4%). The most common reasons for the usewere to treat pain in general (17%), and respiratory (16.5%) and digestive disorders (16%). The most cultivated species in the garden were chambá (Justicia pectoralis), alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides), malva santa (Plectranthus barbatus) and erva cidreira (Lippia alba). The "chambá licker" was the most herbal medicine searched by the population between 2008 and 2010. This investigation described, for the first time, the traditional use of medicinal plants in Picos and demonstrated,alsounprecedentedly, the relevance of investments in the Farmácia Viva Project in Picos city and its inclusion in the Family Health Program as a strategyin order to provide locally producedphytotherapics for low-income population at low costs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_008 18677 downloads

10.

I Diretriz sobre o consumo de gorduras e saúde cardiovascular
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Santos, R.D.

; Gagliardi, A.C.M.

; Xavier, H.T.

; Magnoni, C.D.

; Cassani, R .

; Lottenberg, A.M.P.

; Casella Filho, A.

; Araújo, D.B.

; Cesena, F.Y.

; Alves, R.J.

; Fenelon, G.

; Nishioka, S.A.D.

; Faludi, A.A.

; Geloneze, B.

; Scherr, C.

; Kovacs, C.

; Tomazzela, C.

; Carla, C.

; Barrera-Arellano, D.

; Cintra, D.

; Quintão, E.

; Nakandakare, E.R.

; Fonseca, F.A.H.

; Pimentel, I.

; Santos, J.E.

; Bertolami, M.C.

; Rogero, M.

; Izar, M.C.

; Nakasato, M.

; Damasceno, N.R.T.

; Maranhão, R.

; Cassani, R.S.L.

; Perim, R.

; Ramos, S.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2013, Volume 100 N. 1 Pages 1 - 40

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

290296 downloads

11.

Estudo da ativação ácida e tratamento térmico de bauxita extraída de jazidas em Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Prado, C. M. R.

; Alves, M. I. R.

; Leles, M. I. G.

; Medeiros, R. I.

; Otto, C. R. N.

; Damasceno, F. C.

; Brait, C. H. H.

; Franco, P. I. B. M.

; Antoniosi Filho, N. R.

Cerâmica

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mar 2012, Volume 58 N. 345 Pages 111 - 117

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de bauxita, contudo pouco se conhece sobre as características químicas e mineralógicas desse mineral. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objetivo dar prosseguimento à caracterização de bauxita, estudando as transformações ocorridas nesse material quando submetido à ativação ácida e ao tratamento térmico. Os resultados demonstraram que a bauxita "in natura" é composta basicamente pelo mineral gibbsita, seguido de semicristalitos de goethita e óxido de silício, apresentando característica de sólido com ausência de mesoporosidade, com baixos valores de área superficial total, diâmetro e volume de poros. As modificações químicas e físicas que ocorrem no material durante a calcinação são governadas, principalmente, pela desidratação das fases de hidróxidos de alumínio presentes, levando à formação das fases boehmita, hematita e alfa alumina, além de resultar em aumento na porosidade e na área superficial da bauxita. As bauxitas ativadas em meio ácido mostraram que as transformações sofridas no sólido estão diretamente relacionadas com a concentração da solução ácida utilizada e resultam em aumento da área superficial total, diâmetro e volume de poros.

Brazil is one of the world's leading producers of bauxite. Little is known, however, about the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of Brazilian bauxite. The objective of this paper is to characterize bauxite in both natural and thermally and chemically activated forms. The transformations occurring during these two processes are described. The results show that the raw bauxite is basically composed of the mineral gibbsite, followed by semicrystalites of goethite and silicon oxide. Its characteristics are those of a solid without mesoporosity, with small total surface area and pore diameter and volume. The chemical and physical modifications that occur in the material during the calcination process are governed mainly by the dehydration of the aluminum hydroxides phases, leading to the formation of the boehmite, hematite and alpha alumina phases. Calcination results in an increase in the porosity and surface area of the bauxite as well as the appearance of the characteristics of mesoporous and thermally stable materials. The activation of bauxites in an acid medium showed that the transformations in the solid are directly related to the concentration of the acid solution used and result in an increase in the total surface area and pore diameter and volume.

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12.

Influence of geometric dimensions on the performance of a filtering hydrocyclone: an experimental and cfd study
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Oliveira, D. C.

; Almeida, C. A. K.

; Vieira, L. G. M.

; Damasceno, J. J. R.

; Barrozo, M. A. S.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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sep 2009, Volume 26 N. 3 Pages 575 - 582

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Filtering hydrocyclone is a device that was developed and patented by the Particulate System Research Group at the Federal University of Uberlandia. This equipment consists of a hydrocyclone whose conical section is replaced by a conical filtering wall. Thus, during the operation of these devices, besides the underflow and overflow streams, there is another stream of liquid, resulting from the filtrate produced in the porous cone. In the present work, the influence of some geometric variables of a filtering hydrocyclone was analyzed by an experimental and CFD study. The geometric variables analyzed were underflow orifice diameter (D U) and vortex finder length (ℓ). Data from a conventional hydrocyclone of the same configuration were also obtained. The results indicated that the performance of hydrocyclones is significantly influenced by the conical filtering wall. The incorporation of the filtering medium decreased the Euler numbers and increased the total efficiency of the hydrocyclones. Depending on the specific functions of the separator (as a classifier or concentrator) the best values of D U and ℓ were also found for the filtering hydrocyclone.

6155 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Effect of NaCl and HCl concentrations on primary pH measurement for the certification of standard materials
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Souza, V.

; Ordine, Alberto Pires

; Fraga, I. C. S.

; Getrouw, Monique Audrey

; Borges, P. P.

; Damasceno, J. C.

; Couto, P. R. G.

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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jan 2006, Volume 49 N. spe Pages 79 - 86

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O pH é um importante parâmetro para o controle do processo de produção de inúmeros insumos e produtos finais da indústria alimentícia, farmacêutica, petroquímica, entre outras. Assim, o uso de soluções tampão certificadas na calibração de medidores de pH é necessário para conferir confiabilidade às medições. Uma das missões da Divisão de Metrologia Química (Dquim) do Inmetro é a certificação de materiais de referência, no caso do pH, soluções tampão, utilizando o sistema primário de medições de pH implantado em 2003. A solução tampão de fosfato com valor nominal de pH igual a 6,865 será a primeira solução a ser certificada, sendo importante para isso o estudo de determinados parâmetros de medição, tais como: concentração de HCl e NaCl, potencial padrão do eletrodo de Ag/AgCl e temperatura. Neste trabalho, a influência de alguns parâmetros na medição exata da grandeza pH é discutida, valendo-se dos resultados obtidos pelo Inmetro com amostras da comparação SIM 8.11P, utilizando o sistema primário de medição de pH. Observou-se que a influência dos valores nominais e experimentais das concentrações de NaCl e HCl afetam o valor de pH em 0,33% e 0,11%, respectivamente, em comparação ao valor de consenso da comparação, utilizado como valor de referência.

pH is an important parameter to control the production of food, medicine, petrochemical products and others. Thus, standard reference materials used to calibrate pH meters are necessary to guarantee reliability of the measurements. The Chemical Metrology Division (Dquim) of the National Metrology Institute of Brazil (Inmetro) has as one of its missions the certification of standard reference materials. In the case of pH, it will be done by the pH primary measurement system of Inmetro, in operation at Dquim since 2003. The buffer solution of nominal pH value equal to 6.865 will be the first to be certified. The study of some measurement parameters has already been accomplished, and will lead to the improvement of the primary pH measurement. In this paper, the effect of NaCl and HCl concentrations on the primary pH measurement is discussed, based on the results obtained by Inmetro in the regional comparison SIM 8.11P.

17948 downloads

14.

Performance analysis and design of filtering hydrocyclones
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Vieira, L. G. M.

; Barbosa, E. A.

; Damasceno, J. J. R.

; Barrozo, M. A. S.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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mar 2005, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 143 - 152

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The filtering hydrocyclone is a solid-liquid separation device patented by the Chemical Engineering Department at the Federal University of Uberlândia, which consists of a hydrocyclone whose conical section was replaced by a conical filtering wall. The objective of this work is to compare the performances of the filtering hydrocyclones designed by Bradley and by Rietema. The experimental results obtained with the filtering hydrocyclones under the same operational conditions as those used with the conventional device allow the conclusion that performance of the Bradley and Rietema types is significantly influenced by the filtering medium. Rietema's filtering hydrocyclones had a lower volumetric feed flowrate than the conventional device and Bradley's filtering hydrocyclones showed increases in this same variable. In both designs, overall efficiency was influenced by the underflow-to-throughput ratio.

26809 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

15.

Aporte de nutrientes pela serapilheira em uma área degradada e revegetada com leguminosas arbóreas
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Costa, G. S.

; Franco, A. A.

; Damasceno, R. N.

; Faria, S. M.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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oct 2004, Volume 28 N. 5 Pages 919 - 927

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aporte de nutrientes pela deposição de serapilheira em uma área degradada, que sofreu empréstimo de solo, após dez anos da sua revegetação com as leguminosas arbóreas: Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá), Acacia auriculiformis (acácia) e Gliricidia sepium (gliricídia); e outra área vizinha, um fragmento da mata Atlântica em crescimento secundário (capoeira). O trabalho foi realizado no campo experimental da Embrapa-Agrobiologia, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. Na amostragem, utilizaram-se coletores circulares do material formador da serapilheira com área de 0,25 m², determinando-se os teores de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) e polifenóis. A quantidade de serapilheira depositada foi influenciada pelas espécies de leguminosas utilizadas na revegetação, variando de 5,7 Mg ha -1 ano-1 de matéria seca (MS), onde predominava gliricídia, até 11,2 Mg ha-1 ano-1 , na faixa formada pela sabiá com contribuição do material de acácia. A deposição na capoeira foi de 9,2 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de MS. O material de gliricídia foi o mais rico em nutrientes (N, P, Ca e Mg) e o que apresentou os menores teores de polifenóis; qualitativamente formou a serapilheira mais favorável ao processo de decomposição. O aporte de nutrientes correlacionou-se com a quantidade de serapilheira depositada. Na revegetação, o aporte anual de nutrientes, em kg ha-1 ano-1 , variou: para o N, de 130 a 170; para o P, de 4,9 a 7,9; para K, de 24 a 31; para o Ca, de 150 a 190, e para o Mg, de 28,6 a 40,0. Estes valores foram similares ou superiores aos observados para a capoeira, que foram para o N, 140, para o P, 4,9, para o Ca, 110, e para o Mg, 31,7, exceto para o K, 63. A revegetação com leguminosas, em áreas degradadas, adiciona, relativamente, em pouco tempo, grande quantidade de matéria orgânica e N por meio da produção de serapilheira, favorecendo a ciclagem de nutrientes e o processo de recuperação.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutrient input through litterfall, in one area degraded by soil remotion, replanted with ten-year-old nitrogen-fixing legume trees Acacia auriculiformis (acácia), Gliricidia sepium (gliricídia), and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) and another neighbor area with a secondary growth Atlantic forest ("capoeira") fragment. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa - Agrobiologia research station, Km 47, Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The litterfall was quantified in litter traps with an area of 0.25 m²; nutrients and polyphenols of the litter components were determined. The litterfall quantity varied according to the legume tree species, reaching a dry mass (DM) of 5.7 Mg ha-1 year-1 where gliricídia predominated, and 11.2 Mg ha-1 year-1 under sabiá land cover including some litterfall from acácia. The litterfall production under "capoeira" was 9.2 Mg ha-1 year-1 . The gliricídia litterfall showed the lowest polyphenol concentration and was richest in nutrients (N, P, Ca, and Mg), representing the most favorable litter quality for decomposition processes. The nutrient input was correlated with the amount of litterfall. The annual nutrient input in kg ha-1 year-1 ranged from 130-170 for N, 4.9-7.9 for P, 24-31 for K, 150-190 for Ca, and 29-40 for Mg. These values are similar or superior to those observed in "capoeira" which are 140 for N, 4.9 for P, 110 for Ca, and 31.7 for Mg, except for 63 for K. Land revegetation with legume trees added large quantities of organic matter and N to the system through litterfall in a relatively short time, improving nutrient cycling and the rehabilitation process.

4172 downloads Cited 12 times in SciELO

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