RESUMO O óleo essencial de capim limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), obtido por arraste a vapor, foi avaliado, em diferentes concentrações, na ação antimicrobiana in vitro a Rhizoctonia solani Kühn e no efeito fitotóxico na germinação de sementes de alface da cultivar Maravilha Quatro Estações. Também foi testado em tratamentos de substrato comercial (pré ou pós infestado artificialmente por R. solani), visando o controle de tombamento ou damping off em plantas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.), em condições de casa de vegetação. A inibição total in vitro do patógeno ocorreu a partir da concentração de 0,25% e nesta concentração, o óleo essencial de capim limão não prejudicou a porcentagem de plântulas normais de alface. Ainda nesta concentração, verificou-se que apresenta alta atividade no controle de R. solani e do tombamento de plantas de alface. A partir destes resultados, observam-se evidências positivas do uso potencial do óleo essencial de capim limão para controle de patógenos do solo.

ABSTRACT The essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) was obtained by steam distillation and evaluated at different concentrations for its in vitro antimicrobial action against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and for its phytotoxic effect on the germination of lettuce seeds of ‘Marvel of Four Seasons’ cultivar. It was also tested in commercial substrate treatments (pre or post-infested artificially with R. solani) for the control of damping-off in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) under greenhouse conditions. Total in vitro inhibition of the pathogen occurred at concentrations equal or superior to 0.25%; at this concentration, lemongrass essential oil did not adversely affect the percentage of normal lettuce seedlings. At that same concentration, the tested oil had great activity on the control of R. solani and damping-off percentage of lettuce plants. These results provide positive evidence regarding the potential use of lemongrass essential oil in controlling soil pathogens.

Abstract Guava (Psidium guajava L.), is adapted to tropical and subtropical climates, and, in addition to its nutritional value, has great medicinal potential. One of the medicinal effects is antibacterial, and this can be identified from the phytochemicals present in its various parts, especially the leaf, which contains flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, as well as phytocomposites with antibacterial action. Therefore, the interaction of this plant with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Meloidogyne enterolobii is a biotechnological resource that can increase the production of secondary metabolites so that the guava ethanolic extract is effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the inhibitory action of mycorrhizal guava leaf extract and Meloidogyne enterolobii on strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. Guava seedlings from cuttings were inoculated with Acaulospora longula, and later with Meloidogyne enterolobii; the leaves were harvested at two maturation times of the plant and placed in an oven. Next, a leaf extract was prepared using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was tested in multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase from operative wounds using disc diffusion methodology. The plant-AMF-phytonematode interaction positively potentialize the inhibitory action of guava leaf ethanolic extract on multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

RESUMO Este estudo retrospectivo apresenta a experiência no tratamento do espasmo facial unilateral com toxina botulínica tipo A. Dezenove pacientes receberam 71 aplicações. O índice de sucesso foi de 94,4%. A duração média do efeito foi de 17,7 (± 7,2) semanas. A incidência de complicações foi de 35,2% e dose dependente, todas elas locais, transitórias e de grau leve a moderado.

SUMMARY This retrospective study presents the auhor 's experience in the treatment of the hemifacial spasm whit botulinum toxin type A . Nineteen patients received 71 injections. Success rate was 94.4%. The mean duration of effect after the treatment was 17.7 (± 7.2) weeks. The incidence of complications was 35.2% and dose related. All of them were minar, transitories and restricted to the face.