Abstract Clove is a kind of food spice, which can be used as food flavoring additive. In this work, we looked at clove's impact and underlying mechanism on cognitive impairment in infected mice. By using the open field test, Morris water maze, ELISA technique, kit method, and qPCR method, the biochemical and molecular biological indices of mice were identified. Clove component composition was established using HPLC. The findings demonstrated that clove might enhance mouse survival rates in comparison to the model group and could also lengthen driving distances, standing and combing periods, target quadrant duration, and crossing periods. In the hippocampus of infected mice, clove can lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA while increasing SOD and CAT activity. In the hippocampus of infected animals, clove additionally increased the mRNA expression of SIRT1 and FOXO1 and decreased the mRNA expression of NF-B and p53. Animal studies revealed that clove's impact was comparable to dexamethasone in that it might help septic mice with cognitive impairment. The analysis revealed that rutin, isoquercitrin, ferulic acid, dihydroquercetin, and quercitrin were all present in clove. It is clear that clove can help septic mice with cognitive impairment by triggering SIRT1 through its active components.

Andrographolide (ANDRO) has been studied for its immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection effects. Because brain hypoxia is the most common factor of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury, we studied the role and possible mechanism of ANDRO in this process using hypoxia-injured astrocytes. Mouse cortical astrocytes C8-D1A (astrocyte type I clone from C57/BL6 strains) were subjected to 3 and 21% of O2 for various times (0–12 h) to establish an astrocyte hypoxia injury model in vitro. After hypoxia and ANDRO administration, the changes in cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Expression changes in apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, main factors of JNK pathway, ATG5, and S100B were determined by western blot. Hypoxia remarkably damaged C8-D1A cells evidenced by reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Hypoxia also induced autophagy and overproduction of S100B. ANDRO reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy and S100B expression. After ANDRO administration, autophagy-related proteins, S-100B, JNK pathway proteins, and ATG5 were all upregulated, while autophagy-related proteins and s100b were downregulated when the jnk pathway was inhibited or ATG5 was knocked down. ANDRO conferred a survival advantage to hypoxia-injured astrocytes by reducing cell apoptosis and promoting autophagy and s100b expression. Furthermore, the promotion of autophagy and s100b expression by ANDRO was via activation of jnk pathway and regulation of ATG5.

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence indicate that miRNAs play an important role on gastric cancer (GC) progression via regulating several downstream targets, but it is still partially uncovered. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of GC by comprehensive analysis of mRNAs and miRNA expression profiles. Methods: The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of GSE79973 and GSE67354 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE-miRNAs among GC tissues and normal tissues. Then, targets genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted and the DE-miRNA-DEG regulatory network was constructed. Next, function enrichment analysis of the overlapped genes between the predicted DE-miRNAs targets and DEGs was performed and a protein-protein interactions network of overlapped genes was constructed. Finally, RT-PCR analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of several key DEGs and DE-miRNAs. Results: A set of 703 upregulated and 600 downregulated DEGs, as well as 8 upregulated DE-miRNAs and 27 downregulated DE-miRNAs were identified in GC tissue. hsa-miR-193b-3p and hsa-miR-148a-3p, which targeted most DEGs, were highlighted in the DE-miRNA-DEG regulatory network, as well as hsa-miR-1179, which targeted KNL1, was newly predicted to be associated with GC. In addition, NCAPG, which is targeted by miR-193b-3p, and KNL1, which is targeted by hsa-miR-1179, had higher degrees in the PPI network. RT-qPCR results showed that hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, and hsa-miR-1179 were downregulated, and NCAPG and KNL1 were upregulated in GC tissues; this is consistent with our bioinformatics-predicted results. Conclusions: The downregulation of miR-193b-3p might contribute to GC cell proliferation by mediating the upregulation of NCAPG; as additionally, the downregulation of miR-193b-3p might contribute to the mitotic nuclear division of GC cells by mediating the upregulation of KNL1.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and the susceptibility and repellency of drug use combined with HIV infection in Chinese.Methods:A total of 213 unrelated healthy people, 41 HIV-infected drug users, 24 HIV-uninfected drug users, and 64 HIV-infected non-drug users were recruited. Their HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies were analyzed by PCR-SSP and allele distribution was analyzed.Results:Compared with healthy controls, in drug users, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1 *0401-041, *1001 were significantly higher; in HIV-infected patients, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1 *0101-0103, *0401-0411, *1001 were significantly higher, while the frequencies of DRB1 *1501-1502, *1101-1105, *1301-1302, DRB4, DRB5 were significantly lower; in HIV-infected drug users, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1 *0101-0103, *0401-0411, *0801-0806, *1001, *1401/1404/1405 were significantly higher, while the frequencies of DRB1 *1301/1302, 1501-1502, DRB5 were significantly lower.Conclusion:There is close relationship between the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 alleles and drug use with HIV infection, which plays an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis and providing the basis for therapeutics and prophylaxis of patients with drug use and HIV infection.

Red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) as a dietary supplement is currently used to treat menopausal symptoms because of its high concentrations of mildly estrogenic isoflavone. The application rate of N and P fertilizer has a huge influence on the isoflavone content (IC) in red clover. Trifolium pratense ’Minshan’ is a unique plant resource in the alpine pasture region of northwest China. It plays a very important role in livestock production and the pharmaceutical industry because of its high nutritional value and IC. To date, little information exists on the selection of optimal N and P application rates to maximize the IC in red clover. Therefore, a 3-yr study was conducted to define the optimum N and P application rate to achieve a high IC in ’Minshan’. The results showed that topdressing 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 with 52-105 kg P ha-1 yr-1 could produce a high level of IC at the branching, flower bud, early flowering, full flowering, pod setting, and mature stages in red clover. Second-year crops produced higher IC than did third-year crops. The IC was highest during the vegetative growing period and started to decline following the reproductive development of the plant until the seeds matured.

A comparative evaluation was made between the effectiveness and tolerance of Trofín at doses of 8mg/kg/day and those of ferrous fumarate at the same dosage and by the same route of administration. 40 children aged 6-36 months with iron-deficiency anemia that were randomly divided into 2 groups of treatment, 20 in each group, were studied. A higher increase of the levels of haemoglobin was observed in the group treated with ferrous fumarate. The time of recovery of haemoglobin was significantly longer in the group treated with Trofin. 19 children (95%) treated with ferrous fumarate attained the haemoglobin reference value during the first 3 months of treatment, whereas in the group treated with Trofin,75% reached this value on the fourth month. Trofin was welll tolerated in 90% of the cases. The occurrence of vomiting in 2 children was attributed to a marked rejection to the drug's flavour.The effectiveness of Trofin as an antianaemic drug was good, althought lower than that of ferrous fumarate. Its main inconvenient was the rejection to flavour

Se realizó la evaluación comparativa de la eficacia y tolerancia del Trofín en dosis de 8 mg/Kg/día, con el fumarato ferroso en igual dosis y vía de administración. Se estudiaron 40 niños entre 6 y 36 meses de edad con anemia por deficiencia de hierro que fueron distribuidos al azar en 2 grupos de tratamiento, 20 pacientes en cada grupo. Se observó un incremento más rápido de los niveles de hemoglobina en el grupo tratado con fumarato ferroso. El tiempo de recuperación de la hemoglobina fue significativamente más prolongado en el grupo tratado con Trofín. Diecinueve niños (95 %) tratados con fumarato ferroso alcanzaron el valor de referencia de hemoglobina en los 3 primeors meses de tratamiento, mientras que en el grupo tratado con Trofín, el 75 % lo alcanzó al cuarto mes. El Trofín fue bien tolerado en el 90 % de los casos. La aparición de vómitos en 2 niños se atribuyó a un marcado rechazo al sabor del medicamento. La eficacia del Trofín como antianémico fue buena, aunque menor que la del fumarato ferroso. Su principal inconveniente lo constituyó el rechazo al sabor