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ABSTRACT The SPIRIT 2013 statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes. The SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trial protocols evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for trial reports: CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 26 candidate items, which were consulted upon by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The SPIRIT-AI extension includes 15 new items that were considered sufficiently important for clinical trial protocols of AI interventions. These new items should be routinely reported in addition to the core SPIRIT 2013 items. SPIRIT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention will be integrated, considerations for the handling of input and output data, the human–AI interaction and analysis of error cases. SPIRIT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness for clinical trial protocols for AI interventions. Its use will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the design and risk of bias for a planned clinical trial.

RESUMO A declaração SPIRIT 2013 tem como objetivo melhorar a integralidade dos relatórios dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos, fornecendo recomendações baseadas em evidências para o conjunto mínimo de itens que devem ser abordados. Essas orientações têm sido fundamentais para promover uma avaliação transparente de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials - Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz de relatório para protocolos de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Essa diretriz foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para relatórios de ensaios clínicos, CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials - Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 26 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão SPIRIT-AI inclui 15 itens novos que foram considerados suficientemente importantes para os protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Esses itens novos devem constar dos relatórios de rotina, juntamente com os itens básicos da SPIRIT 2013. A SPIRIT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA será integrada, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída, a interação humano-IA e a análise de casos de erro. A SPIRIT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente o delineamento e o risco de viés de um futuro estudo clínico.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.12

Directrices para presentación de informes de ensayos clínicos sobre intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: extensión CONSORT-AI
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Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Moher, David

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e13

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT The CONSORT 2010 statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency in the evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes. The CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 29 candidate items, which were assessed by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a two-day consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The CONSORT-AI extension includes 14 new items that were considered sufficiently important for AI interventions that they should be routinely reported in addition to the core CONSORT 2010 items. CONSORT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention is integrated, the handling of inputs and outputs of the AI intervention, the human–AI interaction and provision of an analysis of error cases. CONSORT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trials for AI interventions. It will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the quality of clinical trial design and risk of bias in the reported outcomes.

RESUMO A declaração CONSORT 2010 apresenta diretrizes mínimas para relatórios de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Seu uso generalizado tem sido fundamental para garantir a transparência na avaliação de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz para relatórios de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Ela foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para protocolos de ensaios clínicos, a SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials – Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 29 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão CONSORT-AI inclui 14 itens novos que, devido à sua importância para as intervenções de IA, devem ser informados rotineiramente juntamente com os itens básicos da CONSORT 2010. A CONSORT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA está inserida, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída da intervenção de IA, a interação humano-IA e uma análise dos casos de erro. A CONSORT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos relatórios de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente a qualidade do desenho do ensaio clínico e o risco de viés nos resultados relatados.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.13

Mineral content of shrubs from goat’s production systems in two seasons in an arid zone
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Rivas-García, Tomás

; Toyes-Vargas, Eduardo Alberto

; Espinoza-Villavicencio, José Luis

; Palacios-Espinosa, Alejandro

; Murillo-Amador, Bernardo

Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios

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aug 2023, Volume 10 N. 2 elocation e3528

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Los minerales son necesarios en la dieta de los animales para su mantenimiento, desarrollo y reproducción. El objetivo fue determinar el contenido de minerales en arbustos que consumen las cabras en una zona árida en tres sistemas de producción, durante las estaciones húmeda y seca. Las hojas, vainas tallos o flores y un suplemento se muestrearon y se determinó en 34 arbustos Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B y Cl. Los arbustos en los sistemas de producción mostraron suficiente K, Ca, K, Mg, Na, B, Cl y N para las necesidades de las cabras; sin embargo, el contenido de P fue bajo. El contenido de Zn, Cu, Fe y Mn fue menor en todos los arbustos. Los resultados sugieren que, en la zona de estudio es posible utilizar forrajes no leguminosos en la dieta para mejorar su valor nutricional, debido a su contenido mayor en minerales. El sistema de producción semi-intensivo mostró que, el 58% de los minerales fue mayor en este sistema, considerado como el mejor. El contenido mineral en L. brevipes, T. lobaeformis y A. barclayana en el semi-intensivo fueron adecuados para las cabras, mientras que en el extensivo el contenido mineral fue de buena calidad nutricional con S. thurberi y C. gayana para el sistema intensivo. Los arbustos mostraron diferencias entre los macrominerales y la cantidad/calidad nutricional de estos para las cabras difiere en función del sistema de producción, la estación y los tipos de arbustos.

Abstract Minerals are needed in the diet of animals for maintenance, development, and reproduction. The aim was to determine mineral content of shrubs consumed by goats in an arid area from three production systems, during wet and dry seasons. The leaves, pods, stems, or flowers of 34 shrubs and one supplement were sampled manually and analyzed Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, and Cl. The shrubs showed enough K Ca, K, Mg, Na, B, Cl and N for goat requirements for all production systems; however, P was lower. The Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents were lower in all shrubs. The results suggest that in the study area more non-legumes could be used in the goat diet to enhance nutritional value because of their higher mineral content. Considering the status of mineral content, 58% of all minerals had higher content in the semi-intensive production system, and possibly, it is the best production system. Adequate values of mineral content 58% of all minerals had higher content in the semi-intensive production system, and possibly, it is the best production system. Adequate values of mineral content were found in L. brevipes, T. lobaeformis and A. barclayana in the semi-intensive system, while in the extensive system the mineral content was of good nutritional quality with S. thurberi and C. gayana for the intensive system. The 35 shrubs showed differences among macrominerals and the nutritional quantity/quality of these minerals for goats varied depending on production system, season, and types of shrubs.

https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a10n2.3528

Diversity and bioactivity of sediment-associated fungi from a mangrove forest in Mexico with different conservation conditions
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Lagunes, Irene

; Lumbreras-Martínez, Homero

; Espinoza, César

; Padrón, José M.

; López-Portillo, Jorge

; Trigos, Ángel

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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jul 2023, Volume 51 N. 3 Pages 379 - 387

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The biological importance of rhizosphere sediment-associated fungi in mangroves is poorly understood, especially when they are affected by high salinity and anaerobiosis in disturbed areas. This study evaluated the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere sediments of three mangrove species associated with three conservation conditions of mangrove forests in preserved, semi-preserved, and deteriorated areas. In addition, fungal bioactivity was correlated to the fungal diversity found in mangrove species from each area. We isolated 50 fungal strains belonging to three phyla, seven classes, and 10 orders. The fungal diversity was higher in the preserved area (H’ = 2.22) than in the semi-preserved (H’ = 1.73) and deteriorated areas (H’ = 1.68); the redundancy analysis showed a tendency of fungal accumulation towards the rhizosphere of Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans in the preserved and semi-preserved areas. In addition, the redundancy analysis showed that 10 bioactive fungi genera tended to accumulate on the rhizosphere of R. mangle and A. germinans in the preserved and semi-preserved areas. The preserved area is related to the semi-preserved area, with a 28% Jaccard similarity coefficient. The diversity and bioactivity of the isolated fungi encourage the need to conserve and restore mangrove ecosystems considering their current and potential services, such as bioprospecting new pharmacological compounds.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue3-fulltext-2971

Factores que favorecen el tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 12 a 49 años: Sub-análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2019, Perú
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Tokumoto-Valera, Fiorella Sumiko

; Vidarte-Paiva, Julio César

; Talavera, Jesús E.

; Ramírez-Ortega, Andrea P.

; Torres-Malca, Jenny Raquel

; Vera-Ponce, Victor Juan

; Espinoza, Ruben

; De la Cruz-Vargas, Jhony A.

Medicina clínica y social

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apr 2023, Volume 7 N. 1 Pages 17 - 25

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Papanicolaou test smear helps detect cervical cancer in a timely manner in routine intervention. Objective: To analyze factors associated with screening for cervical cancer in women aged 12 to 49 years in Peru in 2019. Methods: An observational, analytical-cross-sectional study of a secondary analysis of data from 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was carried out. Two-stage, probabilistic, balanced, and stratified sampling. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used (level of inference p<0.05). For the bivariate and multivariate analysis, prevalence ratios were used with a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05. Results: The frequency of cervical cancer screening in the political regions with the lowest prevalence values were Pasco (0.52%) and Tumbes (0.55%). Discussion: The factors associated with cervical cancer screening are age, having a partner, higher education level, poor socioeconomic level, residing in a rural area, having health insurance, age at the start of sexual relations, and having heard of cervical cancer.

RESUMEN Introducción: La prueba de Papanicolau ayuda a detectar de manera oportuna en la intervención de rutina el cáncer de cuello uterino. Objetivo: Analizar factores asociados al tamizaje para cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 12 a 49 años en Perú durante el año 2019. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico-transversal de un análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del 2019. Muestreo bietápico, probabilístico, equilibrado y estratificado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y analítica (nivel de inferencia p<0.05). Para el análisis bivariado y multivariado se utilizaron razones de prevalencia con intervalo de confianza de 95% y p<0.05. Resultados: La frecuencia de tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en las regiones políticas con menores valores de prevalencia fueron Pasco (0,52%) y Tumbes (0,55%). Discusión: Los factores asociados al tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino son la edad, tener pareja, nivel educación superior, nivel socioeconómico pobre, residir en área rural, tener seguro de salud, edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales y haber escuchado del cáncer de cuello uterino.

https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v7i1.268

El efecto de la poda de Acropora palmata como estrategia para la obtención de tejido vivo en acciones de restauración arrecifal
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Padilla-Souza, Claudia

; Navarro-Espinoza, Eduardo

; García-Medrano, Diego

; González-Vázquez, David

; Gutiérrez-Plata, Sara

; Ramírez-Mata, Eloy

; Estrada-Saldívar, Nuria

Revista de Biología Tropical

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apr 2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 1 elocation e54910

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Los arrecifes de coral son ecosistemas altamente degradados, por lo que ha sido necesario implementar acciones de restauración activa para recuperar su estructura y funcionamiento. Se ha implementado la propagación clonal para obtener fragmentos pequeños (~ 10 cm) de las ramas distales de colonias donadoras de corales de la especie Acropora palmata, para posteriormente fijarlos en el sustrato arrecifal, simulando el efecto de dispersión que ocurre de manera natural en esta especie, a lo que en este trabajo se denomina ''dispersión asistida”. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar los efectos de esta técnica como son: la cantidad de fragmentos que se puede obtener de cada colonia, el periodo de recuperación de tejido de las colonias donadoras y los fragmentos sembrados. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de poda en las colonias donadoras estimando el porcentaje de tejido podado de colonias donadoras de A. palmata y su tasa de recuperación 30 meses después. Métodos: Se realizaron cuatro monitoreos: antes, inmediatamente después de la poda, un mes después de la siembra, y 30 meses después, en cuatro colonias de A. palmata localizadas en el Parque Nacional Costa Occidental de Isla Mujeres, Punta Cancún y Punta Nizuc en el Caribe mexicano. La modelación 3D basada en fotogrametría se realizó con el software Agisoft Metashape Pro, mientras que las métricas de área de superficie de tejido, extensión radial y apical se obtuvieron mediante el software CloudCompare. Resultados: Posterior a la colecta de fragmentos de las colonias, se observó que el material utilizado en la dispersión asistida representa menos del 12% del tejido vivo. Después de un mes, las colonias donadoras presentaban una recuperación del 5% con tejido nuevo recubriendo las áreas de corte. Las colonias donadoras perdieron, en promedio, 65% de tejido vivo tras el impacto de cuatro huracanes, y en un caso la colonia fue totalmente eliminada, pero con los fragmentos sembrados se pudo conservar el genotipo. Conclusiones: La dispersión asistida podría incrementar el tejido vivo de corales ramificados en intervalos de tiempo relativamente cortos, sin comprometer la integridad de la colonia donadora, si se poda menos del 12%.

Abstract Introduction: Coral reefs are highly degraded ecosystems, for which it has been necessary to implement active restoration actions to recover their structure and functioning. Asexual propagation has been implemented to obtain small fragments (~10 cm) from the distal branches of donor colonies of corals of the species Acropora palmata, to subsequently relocate them in the reef substrate, simulating the dispersion effect that occurs naturally in the species, which in this work is called assisted propagation. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of this technique, such as the number of fragments that can be obtained from each colony, the tissue recovery period of the donor colonies and fragments. Objective: To address the effect of pruning on donor colonies by estimating the percentage of live tissue removed from donor colonies of A. palmata and their recovery rate after 30-months. Methods: Four surveys were carried out: before, immediately after pruning, one month after outplanting, and 30 months after pruning on four colonies of A. palmata located in the Parque Nacional Costa Occidental de Isla Mujeres, Punta Cancún and Punta Nizuc in the Mexican Caribbean. Photogrammetry-based 3D modeling was performed using Agisoft Metashape Pro software, while tissue surface area, radial and apical growth were obtained using CloudCompare software. Results: After fragment collection, the material used in the assisted propagation represents less than 12% of the living tissue. After one month, the donor colonies showed a recovery of 5%, with new tissue covering the cut areas. The donor colonies lost on average 65 % of living tissue after four hurricanes, and in one case the colony was lost all together, but with the outplanted fragments the genotype could be preserved. Conclusions: Assisted propagation could increase living tissue of branching corals in relatively short intervals of time, without serious damage to the donor colony if less than 12 % is removed.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54910

Polyphenolic-rich extracts from Ilex paraguariensis and Larrea divaricata leaves and their antioxidant and antiCOVID-19 potential
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Contreras-Esquivel, Juan C.

; Cano-González, Carlos N.

; Ascacio-Valdes, Juan

; Aguirre-Joya, Jorge A.

; Aguillón-Gutierrez, David

; Breccia, Javier

; Espinoza-Perez, Judith D.

; Aguilar, Cristóbal N.

; Torres-León, Cristian

Biotecnia

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apr 2023, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 61 - 66

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las hojas de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St. Hil) y jarilla (Larrea divaricata Cav.) se usan comúnmente como infusión de té en algunos países de América Latina. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la actividad antioxidante (FRAP, ABTS y DPPH) y el potencial inhibitorio de los extractos de yerba mate y jarilla sobre la proteasa 3CL (Mpro) de coronavirus SARS-COV-2 por enfoque de acoplamiento molecular. Los principales compuestos bioactivos presentes en los extractos de plantas fueron identificados por HPLC-MS. De acuerdo con los resultados, los extractos polifenólicos de yerba mate y jarilla presentaron alta actividad antioxidante en los ensayos DPPH (> 91 %), ABTS (> 90 %) y FRAP (> 47 mg TE/g). Además, los compuestos fenólicos presentes en la yerba mate, quercetina-3-O-rutinósido (rutina) (-9,60 kcal/ mol) y ácido 3,4-dicafeoilquínico (- 8,20 kcal/mol) han demostrado ser más efectivos (en Mpro) que los medicamentos antivirales remdesivir y ribavirin. Los compuestos rutina y ácido 3,4-dicafeoilquínico tienen alta afinidad e interacción con uno de los residuos catalíticos Cys145 de Mpro. Estos resultados sugieren que las hojas de yerba mate y jarilla podrían potenciar las defensas antioxidantes del organismo y podrían beneficiar la salud.

Abstract Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St. Hil) and jarilla (Larrea divaricata Cav.) leaves are commonly used as tea infusions in some Latin American countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH) and the inhibitory potential of yerba mate and jarilla extracts on the 3CL protease (Mpro) from coronavirus SARS-COV-2 by a molecular docking approach. The main bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts were identified by HPLC-MS. According to the results, the extracts of yerba mate and jarilla showed high antioxidant activity in DPPH (> 91 %), ABTS (> 90 %), and FRAP (> 47 mg TE/g) assays. Additionally, the phenolic compounds present in yerba mate, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (-9.60 kcal/mol) and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (- 8.20 kcal/mol) were more effective on Mpro than the antiviral drugs remdesivir and ribavirin. The compounds rutin and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid have a high affinity and interaction with one of the catalytic residues Cys145 of Mpro. The glycosylation of phenolic compounds affects biological activities: positively anti-COVID-19 and negatively antioxidant. The results suggest that extracts of yerba mate and jarilla leaves could enhance the body’s antioxidant defenses and can be used to improve health.

https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i1.1762

Low Expression of E-Cadherin and Cdh1 Variants Associated with Diffuse Gastric Cancer
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García-Ruvalcaba, Azaria

; Vázquez-Ibarra, Katia C.

; Magaña-Torres, María T.

; C. Rizo de-la-Torre, Lourdes del

; Meléndez-Aranda, Lennon

; López-Armas, Gabriela

; Cruz-Ramos, José A.

; Peregrina-Sandoval, Jorge

; Espinoza-Jiménez, Esther

; Rosales-Gradilla, María E.

; Sánchez-López, Josefina Y.

Revista de investigación clínica

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feb 2023, Volume 75 N. 1 Pages 37 - 44

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background Reduced or null expression of E-cadherin protein is a frequent cause of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). More than 50% of patients with DGC present somatic variants in CDH1 gene. Objectives The objectives of this study were to study E-cadherin expression and identify variants in the CDH1 gene in gastric tumors of patients with DGC. Methods We studied 18 Mexican DGC patients who attended a hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute; E-cadherin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and variants were identified by Sanger sequencing in promoter and coding regions. Predictive analysis was performed using PolyPhen-2 and HOPE software. Results We found that 56% of DGC patients showed reduced expression of E-cadherin. All patients carried CDH1 variants; overall, 12 different CDH1 variants were identified. Predictive analysis revealed that the rs114265540 variant was probably damaging, with a value of 0.985, indicating a functional impact on the E-cadherin protein. Variants rs34939176 and rs33964119 were identified as risk factors for DGC (odds' ratios [OR] = 31.3, 95% CI 6.3-154.0, p < 0.001; OR = 6.1, 95% CI 2.0-19.0, p < 0.001, respectively) given their elevated frequency and by comparing it with those reported for MXL population in the 1000 Genomes Project database. Conclusions In this Mexican population, the percentage of diffuse gastric tumors with reduced expression of E-cadherin was similar to that reported in other populations. All gastric tumors of DGC patients studied had somatic CDH1 gene variants; however, the rs114265540, rs34939176, and rs33964119 variants were importantly related to DGC.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.22000257

Disinfection of adult pecan leaflets, and in vitro callogenesis induction
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Gándara-Ledezma, V.

; Tineo-García, L.

; Rodríguez-de la O, J.L.

; Castro-Espinoza, L.

; Ruiz-Cru, S.

; Márquez-Cervantes, A.

; Gutiérrez-Coronado, M.A.

Polibotánica

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2023, N. 55 Pages 121 - 144

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Until now, there is no protocol for the micropropagation of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis) from explants of adult trees. Persistent microbial contamination and browning of tissues have impeded the success of previously proposed methods. Specifically, the adult tree leaf explant constitutes an unexplored starting point for the regeneration of C. illinoinensis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine a disinfection method and in vitro culture conditions that induce greater callus production in adult pecan tree leaf explants. Five disinfection methods were tested: (1) 70% ethanol for 50 s, 1.8-2.7% sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 50 s, (2) 70% ethanol for 2 min, 1.8-2.7% sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 2 min, (3) 70% ethanol for 2 min, 1.8-2.7% sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 2 min, 1 g/L of carbendazim with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 20 min, (4) 70% ethanol for 2 min, 1.8-2.7% sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 2 min, 8.8 g/L of carbendazim with 2 drops /L of Tween 80 for 20 min, and (5) 70% ethanol for 2 min, 1.8-2.7% sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 2 min, 1 g/L of prochloraz with 2 drops/L of Tween 80 for 20 min. In addition, 6 different culture media were tested where the carbon source (sucrose, glucose and maltose), the inclusion of an antioxidant (AgNO3 and activated carbon), and the concentration of MS salts (maximum or one third of the maximum concentration) were varied. The explants were incubated for 50 days; a portion of the explants was incubated in the dark and the other under a photoperiod of 16 h. Likewise, some explants were inoculated in abaxial orientation, and others in abaxial orientation. The level of browning, the percentage of explants with callus, the fresh and dry weight of the calluses, and the percentage of explants contaminated by microorganisms were evaluated. The lowest percentage of contaminated explants was observed in the disinfection treatment that included immersion in prochloraz, and prochloraz was the only fungicide that allowed callogenesis in 100% of the treated explants. The darkening in the explants did not increase when the concentration of MS salts tripled. Glucose significantly reduced browning, but also significantly decreased the percentage of explants with callus, compared to that observed when using sucrose or maltose. The adaxial orientation promoted a higher percentage of explants with callus, with a fresh and dry weight, as well as a higher moisture percentage. The photoperiod prevented callus production, while incubation in the dark allowed more than 80% of the explants to produce callus in each treatment. The medium without antioxidant and the medium with 5 mg/L of silver nitrate gave similar browning results, while 1 g/L of activated carbon left the explants unviable. The present work proposes a method for the aseptic establishment and in vitro culture conditions for callus initiation in leaflets of adult pecan tree, with reproducible results.

Resumen Hasta ahora, no existe un protocolo para la micropropagación de nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis) a partir de explantes de árbol adulto. La contaminación microbiana persistente y el oscurecimiento oxidativo de los tejidos han impedido el éxito de métodos previamente propuestos. Específicamente, el explante de hoja de árbol adulto constituye un punto de partida inexplorado para la regeneración de C. illinoinensis. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar un método de desinfección y las condiciones de cultivo in vitro que inducen una mayor producción de callo en explantes de hoja de árbol adulto de nogal pecanero. Se probaron 5 métodos de desinfección: (1) etanol 70% por 50 s, 1.8-2.7% hipoclorito de sodio con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 50 s, (2) etanol 70% por 2 min, 1.8-2.7% hipoclorito de sodio con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 2 min, (3) etanol 70% por 2 min, 1.8-2.7% hipoclorito de sodio con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 2 min, 1 g/L de carbendazim con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 20 min, (4) etanol 70% por 2 min, 1.8-2.7% hipoclorito de sodio con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 2 min, 8.8 g/L de carbendazim con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 20 min, y (5) etanol 70% por 2 min, 1.8-2.7% hipoclorito de sodio con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 2 min, 1 g/L de procloraz con 2 gotas/L de Tween 80 por 20 min. Además, se probaron 6 diferentes medios de cultivo donde se varió la fuente de carbono (sacarosa, glucosa y maltosa), la inclusión de un antioxidante (AgNO3 y carbón activado), y la concentración de sales MS (máxima o un tercio de la concentración máxima). Los explantes fueron incubados durante 50 días; una porción de los explantes fue incubada en la oscuridad y la otra ante un fotoperiodo de 16 h. Asimismo, unos explantes fueron inoculados en orientación abaxial, y otros en orientación abaxial. Se evaluó el oscurecimiento oxidativo de los explantes, el porcentaje de explantes con callo, el peso fresco y seco de los callos, y el porcentaje de explantes contaminados por microorganismos. El menor porcentaje de explantes contaminados se observó en el tratamiento de desinfección que incluyó inmersión en procloraz, además procloraz fue el único fungicida que permitió la callogénesis en el 100% de los explantes tratados. El oscurecimiento en los explantes no aumentó al triplicar la concentración de sales MS. La glucosa redujo significativamente el oscurecimiento de los explantes, pero también disminuyó de manera significativa el porcentaje de explantes con callo, en comparación con lo observado al utilizar sacarosa o maltosa. La orientación adaxial, promovió un mayor porcentaje de explantes con callo, con un peso fresco y seco, así como un porcentaje de humedad superiores. El fotoperiodo impidió la producción de callo, mientras que la incubación en la oscuridad permitió que más del 80% de los explantes produjeran callo. El medio sin antioxidante y el medio con 5 mg/L de nitrato de plata dieron resultados semejantes de oscurecimiento, mientras que 1 g/L de carbón activado dejó los explantes inviables. El presente trabajo propone un método para el establecimiento aséptico y condiciones de cultivo in vitro para la iniciación de callos en hojas de nogal pecanero adulto, con resultados reproducibles.

https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.55.9

10.

DNA sequencing in the classroom: complete genome sequence of two earwig (Dermaptera; Insecta) species
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Kobayashi, Sanae

; Maldonado, Jonathan E.

; Gaete, Alexis

; Araya, Ingrid

; Aguado-Norese, Constanza

; Cumplido, Nicolás

; Díaz, Sebastián

; Espinoza, Alonso

; Fernández, Edelmira

; Gajardo, Felipe

; González-Ordenes, Felipe

; Hauyon, Khantati

; Maldonado, Piedad

; Maldonado, Rodrigo

; Pochet, Isabel

; Riveros, Aníbal

; Sandoval, Paula

; Sepúlveda-González, Ailynne

; Stuardo, Camila

; Tapia-Reyes, Patricio

; Thornton, Carolina

; Undurraga, Soledad

; Varas, Macarena

; Valdivieso, Camilo

; Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A.

; Orellana, Ariel

; Montecino, Martín

; Maass, Alejandro

; González, Mauricio

; Allende, Miguel L.

; Hodar, Christian

; Irles, Paula

Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation 6

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Despite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project. Students from twelve schools across Chile were instructed to capture earwig specimens in their geographical area, to identify them and to provide material for genome sequencing to be carried out by themselves in their schools. Results The school students collected specimens from two cosmopolitan earwig species: Euborellia annulipes (Fam. Anisolabididae) and Forficula auricularia (Fam. Forficulidae). Genomic DNA was extracted and, with the help of scientific teams that traveled to the schools, was sequenced using nanopore sequencers. The sequence data obtained for both species was assembled and annotated. We obtained genome sizes of 1.18 Gb (F. auricularia) and 0.94 Gb (E. annulipes) with the number of predicted protein coding genes being 31,800 and 40,000, respectively. Our analysis showed that we were able to capture a high percentage (≥ 93%) of conserved proteins indicating genomes that are useful for comparative and functional analysis. We were also able to characterize structural elements such as repetitive sequences and non-coding RNA genes. Finally, functional categories of genes that are overrepresented in each species suggest important differences in the process underlying the formation of germ cells, and modes of reproduction between them, features that are one of the distinguishing biological properties that characterize these two distant families of Dermaptera. Conclusions This work represents an unprecedented instance where the scientific and lay community have come together to collaborate in a genome sequencing project. The versatility and accessibility of nanopore sequencers was key to the success of the initiative. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of two important and widely distributed species of insects which had not been analyzed at this level previously. The data made available by the project should illuminate future studies on the Dermaptera.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00414-9

11.

Diversidad y distribución de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en la frontera México-Guatemala
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Vázquez-Marroquín, Rafael

; Castañeda-Rivero, Francisco R.

; Chan-Chable, Rahuel J.

; Cruz-Ramos, Josué M. de la

; Espinoza-González, Carlos A.

; Ortega-Morales, Aldo I.

Revista mexicana de biodiversidad

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2023, Volume 94 elocation e944063

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se realizaron recolectas de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en el intradomicilio y peridomicilio a lo largo de la frontera Chiapas-Guatemala durante octubre-noviembre del 2018. Se recolectaron 4,439 especímenes pertenecientes a 2 subfamilias, 18 géneros y 41 especies, una de ellas Mansonia dyari (Belkin, Heinemann y Page, 1970) es un nuevo registro estatal para Chiapas. De las 41 especies recolectadas, 21 tienen importancia en salud pública, siendo algunas de ellas los principales vectores de malaria, dengue, fiebre amarilla, chikungunya, zika, mayaro, encefalitis equina venezolana, encefalitis equina del oeste y fiebre del valle del Rift. Culex quinquefasciatus y Aedes aegypti mostraron ser las más abundantes. En algunos casos, los municipios con mayor número de especies e individuos no fueron los más diversos y equitativos, con una alta disimilitud en la composición de sus especies. El intradomicilio obtuvo las mayores abundancias de mosquitos, sin embargo, su diversidad y equitatividad fue baja a diferencia del peridomicilio, presentándose una disimilitud ligeramente alta entre sus especies. Los resultados obtenidos tienen importancia para el establecimiento de programas de vigilancia y control en los municipios fronterizos en el estado de Chiapas, ya que brindan información base de la presencia y distribución de la fauna de mosquitos.

Abstract Mosquito collection was conducted intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary along the Chiapas-Guatemala international border during October-November 2018. We collected 4,439 specimens belonging to 2 subfamilies, 18 genera and 41 species, one of which Mansonia dyari (Belkin, and Page, 1970) is a new record for Chiapas, and 21 species with medical importance were found. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were the most common species. Some municipalities with the highest number of species and individuals were not the most diverse and equitable, with a high dissimilarity in species composition. The intradomiciliary collections obtained the highest abundances of species, however the diversity and evenness were low in contrast with the peridomiciliary collections, where obtained slightly high dissimilarity among species. The results obtained have importance for the establishment of surveillance and mosquito control programs in the state of Chiapas, since they provide basic information on the occurrence and distribution of mosquito fauna.

https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2023.94.4063

12.

Monitoreo y fluctuación poblacional de parasitoides del picudo del chile Anthonomus eugenii (Cano, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en una zona productora de Puebla, México
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Espinoza-Castillo, Diana Fernanda

; Aragón-Sánchez, Miguel

; Aragón-García, Agustín

; Rodríguez-Leyva, Esteban

; Rivera-Landa, María del Rosario

Acta zoológica mexicana

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2023, Volume 39 elocation e3912568

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Anthonomus eugenii (Cano, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most important pest in chili crop. In Mexico, the natural parasitism of various control agents on the chili pepper weevil has been reported. This work the presence of parasitoids Jaliscoa hunteri (Crawford, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Urosigalphus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is describes for the first time for the Puebla state, with a percentage of parasitism of 1.3% and 3.7%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that the population fluctuation of these natural enemies coinciding with the largest population of A. eugenii, therefore, these parasitoids can be considered an alternative for the biological control of the pest.

Resumen La plaga más importante en el cultivo de chile es Anthonomus eugenii (Cano, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). En México se ha reportado el parasitismo natural de diversos agentes de control sobre el picudo del chile. En este trabajo se describe por primera vez la presencia de los parasitoides Jaliscoa hunteri (Crawford, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) y Urosigalphus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) en el estado de Puebla, con un porcentaje de parasitismo del 1.3 % y 3.7 %, respectivamente. Además, se determinó que la fluctuación poblacional de estos enemigos naturales coincidió con la mayor población de A. eugenii, por lo que estos parasitoides pueden ser considerados una alternativa para el control biológico de la plaga.

https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2023.3912568

13.

Antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas donghuensis and Bacillus subtilis for the management of “Damping off” phytopathogens of the chile crop.
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Jiménez-Pérez, O.

; Gallegos-Morales, G.

; Hernández-Castillo, F. D.

; Espinoza-Ahumada, C. A.

; Castro del Angel, E.

; Sanchez-Yañez, J.M.

Revista bio ciencias

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2023, Volume 10 elocation e1382

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of the Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas donghuensis strains for the control of Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum, which cause the drowning of chili seedlings in the greenhouse, was evaluated. Its pathogenicity to cause the disease was verified and antagonism tests were obtained in culture plates with enriched PDA. Through the in vitro confrontation of these phytopathogens with three strains of the species Bacillus subtilis, it was observed that this sporulate has the capacity to inhibit to a greater or lesser degree (39.35- 56.24 %) the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, but not the from P. aphanidermatum, none of the Bacillus isolates used in this study had an effect in inhibiting this Oomycete, since it grew faster than the spore-forming bacteria, since P. aphanidermatum developed and grew to fill the culture plate in just 36 hours. On the other hand, P. donghuensis inhibited the growth of this last phytopathogen by 56 %, however, it did not present an inhibition effect against F. oxysporum, so it could be feasible to use mixtures of these two antagonists for the management of this disease and be able to control Damping off problems caused by these phytopathogens.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la efectividad de Pseudomonas donghuensis y Bacillus subtilis para el control de Fusarium oxysporum y Pythium aphanidermatum causantes del ahogamiento de plántulas de chile en invernadero. Se comprobó su patogenicidad para ocasionar la enfermedad y se realizaron pruebas de antagonismo en placas con PDA enriquecido. Mediante la confrontación in vitro de estos fitopatógenos con tres cepas de Bacillus subtilis se comprobó que este esporulado inhibió en mayor o menor grado (39.35- 56.24 %) el crecimiento micelial de F. oxysporum, pero no tuvo efecto alguno para P. aphanidermatum, ningún Bacillus inhibió a este Oomycete, debido a su rápido crecimiento en la placa de cultivo (36 h de incubación). En contraste P. donghuensis inhibió en un 56 % el crecimiento de P. aphanidermatum, y no presentó efecto inhibitorio para F. oxysporum, por lo que la mezcla de ambos antagonistas pudiera tener potencial para el control de los problemas de ahogamiento ‘‘Damping off” causados por estos fitopatógenos.

https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.10.e1382

14.

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Chan, An-Wen

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e149

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.149

15.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Bentazon Pesticide by a Fe2O3-TiO2 Composite Catalyst Irradiated by UVA, UVB, and Natural Light
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Braga, Cristian S.

; Bessegato, Guilherme G.

; Maestre, Keiti

; Espinoza-Quiñones, Fernando R.

; Alves, Helton J.

; Silva, Leandro C. da

; Eising, Renato

; Bariccatti, Reinaldo A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 9 Pages 1284 - 1292

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Environmental pollution by contaminants of emerging concern, among these various pesticides, has been a concern of environmentalists and scientists around the world. Thus, efforts to mitigate the impacts of these substances have been carried out, and the use of advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysis, is an alternative. This work sought to synthesize a composite photocatalyst based on iron oxides and titanium dioxide to assess its applicability in degrading the herbicide bentazon (BTZ) by a lamp that simulates the solar spectrum (visible, ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) and sunlight. Photocatalytic degradation reached 51% in 120 min with a rate constant k = 0.0058 min-1 when a UV-Vis lamp of 300 W was used. The applicability was demonstrated under sunlight radiation, reaching 38% degradation of a bentazon solution (4.1 × 10-4 mol L-1) after 320 min. TiO2 and Fe2O3 were synthesized similarly but showed no degradation under the same conditions. Thus, Fe2O3-TiO2 is an inexpensive and non-toxic material capable of efficiently conducting the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, such as the bentazon herbicide.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230039

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