Abstract Temporary pools are freshwater bodies of significant interest due to their high species diversity, and the colonization and extinction processes observed at temporal scales. The aim of the present study was to perform a short-term ecological comparison in a group of shallow temporary pools in northern Chilean Patagonia in two periods, August and September 2018. The results revealed marked differences in terms of species richness in the study pools at different conductivities and chlorophyll a concentrations. The dominant species was the calanoid copepod Boeckella gracilis Daday, 1902, while the presence of the rare Anostracan Branchinecta rocaensis Cohen, 1982 was reported in conditions of low chlorophyll a and low conductivity. The community was studied using co-occurrence null models that revealed the absence of structured patterns in species associations, and the presence of niche overlap, with many repeated species that have a similar ecological niche. The present results are identical with observations from temporary pools in southern Chilean Patagonia.

RESUMO A fauna bentônica nos córregos do norte da Patagônia é caracterizada pela presença de espécies indicadoras de qualidade da água. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar as comunidades bentônicas em riachos associados a locais com presença de florestas de Nothofagus e com intervenção humana sem florestas de Nothofagus usando modelos nulos em ecologia, teoria unificada de biodiversidade unificada (UNTB) e método de grupo de par não ponderado com média aritmética (UPGMA). Os resultados do modelo nulo de co-ocorrência de espécies revelaram que as associações de espécies são aleatórias, enquanto os resultados de modelos nulos de sobreposição de nicho revelaram a presença de sobreposição de nicho. Os resultados do UNTB revelaram baixo número de espécies. Os resultados da UPGMA demonstraram que a composição de espécies é específica para cada local, existindo diferenças marcadas. Os resultados expostos concordam com os resultados observados para os rios chileno central e norte da Patagônia, onde a composição das espécies é variável de acordo com as propriedades da bacia circundante e às condições sazonais.

ABSTRACT The benthic fauna in northern Patagonian streams is characterized by presence of water quality indicator species. The aim of the present study was characterized the benthic communities in streams associated to sites with presence of Nothofagus forests and with human intervention without Nothofagus forests using null models in ecology, unified neutral theory of biodiversity (UNTB) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The results of species co-occurrence null model revealed that species associations are random, whereas the results of niche overlap null models revealed the presence of niche overlap. The UNTB results revealed low species number. The results of UPGMA revealed that species composition is specific for each site existing marked differences. The exposed results agree with results observed for central and northern Patagonian Chilean rivers, where the species composition is variable in according to surrounding basin properties and seasonal conditions.

Abstract: The dynamics of change in soil use, period 1994-2007, for a watershed in the region of La Araucania, Chile, was analyzed. The study area shows changes in soil use, intense land division and degradation of natural systems. The methodology included (1) cartographic analysis, confusion matrix and kappa index, and (2) analysis/quantification of changes using a change matrix. The results allowed us to identify spatially the soil covers subject to the greatest use pressure. “Crops and natural grassland” and “forestry plantations” were the categories identified as accounting for 79,5% of the total area undergoing soil use change in the study area, with a surface profit rate of forest use exotic species of 432 ha year-1 at the expense of soil for agricultural use. Our results reaffirm the need to analyze the evolution in soil use prior to the identification of the potential of soil resources to support new productive activities.

Resumen: Se analizó la dinámica de cambio de cobertura y uso de suelo para una subcuenca hidrográfica, región de La Araucanía, Chile, periodo 1994-2007. El área registra cambios en la cobertura del suelo, intensa división predial y degradación de los sistemas naturales. La metodología comprendió (1) análisis cartográfico, matriz de confusión e índice de kappa y (2) análisis/cuantificación de cambios mediante matriz de cambio. Los resultados permitieron identificar áreas sometidas a mayor presión de uso, identificándose las categorías “cultivos-praderas naturales” y “plantaciones forestales” como las coberturas que concentran el 79,5% de la superficie total del cambio neto en el área, con tasa de ganancia de superficie de uso forestal con especies exóticas de 432 ha año-1 en desmedro de suelos de uso agropecuario. Nuestros resultados reafirman la necesidad de analizar la evolución en el uso del suelo previo a la identificación de las potencialidades del recurso suelo para soportar nuevas actividades productivas.

Aristotelia chilensis is mentioned for the first time for plants grown on pig carcasses decomposing. Its potential as a bioindicator species for the development of forensic botany in Chile and its importance in the reconstruction of criminal events are discussed.

Ecosystem services provide many benefits to society. These services have been classified into four categories: provisioning services, regulating, cultural and support. One of the major gaps in mapping these services is related to the lack of a standardized methodology that integrates biophysical and perceptual variables derived from the vision of relevant actors in a territory. Multi-criteria spatial analysis (MCSA) is an appropriate methodological framework to integrate this type of information. The present study aims at proposing and applying a methodology of multi-criteria analyses based on GIS tools and homogeneous environmental units (HEU) for mapping ecosystem services in Quepe river basin. Results indicated that provision, regulation and cultural services were significantly associated with the HEU Bosque Nativo. Furthermore, the level of presence of these services was significantly lower in the HEU Plantación and Tierras Agrícolas. We conclude that the method has the advantage of providing ease and flexibility in data spatialization, while collecting perceptual values of a specific service in the sub-basin.

Los servicios ecosistémicos proveen variados beneficios a la sociedad. Dichos servicios han sido clasificados en cuatro categorías: servicios de provisión, regulación, soporte y culturales. Una de las principales brechas en el mapeo social y la espacialización de estos servicios, se relaciona con la ausencia de una metodología que integre variables biofísicas y perceptuales de actores relevantes en un territorio. El análisis espacial multicriterio (AEMC) constituye un marco metodológico apropiado que permite integrar esta información. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer y aplicar una metodología de análisis multicriterio, basado en herramientas SIG y unidades ambientales homogéneas (UAH) para el mapeo de servicios ecosistémicos en la subcuenca del río Quepe. Los resultados indicaron que los servicios de provisión, regulación y culturales, estuvieron significativamente presentes y asociados a la UAH bosque nativo. Por otro lado, el nivel de presencia de estos servicios fue significativamente menor en las UAH plantaciones y terrenos agrícolas. Se concluye que el método presenta la ventaja de otorgar facilidad y flexibilidad en la espacialización de datos, mientras que recoge de manera sencilla los valores perceptuales de los actores locales y cómo estos perciben el nivel de presencia de un determinado servicio en la subcuenca.

C. Esse, PJ. Donoso, V. Gerding, and F. Encina-Montoya. 2013. Determination of homogeneous edaphoclimatic zones for the secondary forests of Nothofagus dombeyi in central-southern Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2): 351-360. Nothofagus dombeyi grows in a wide variety of sites in Chile (30-47°S), but there is little knowledge about its productive potential. This lack of information hinders decision-making to better guide the production of goods and services from these forests. This study was conducted in central-southern Chile (39°S-41°S), where this species is prominent, especially in secondary forests. The aim of the study was to determine the homogeneous edaphoclimatic zones for secondary forests of N. dombeyi based on the integration of environmental factors. The methodological approaches considered the spatial analysis and construction of geographic covers using geographic information systems, principal components multivariate analysis, and clustering techniques with CART analysis. Five homogeneous zones could be determined for N. dombeyi with a high level of accuracy. The spatial distribution of N. dombeyi secondary forests was explained in decreasing order by climate, soil and topography.

C. Esse, PJ. Donoso, V. Gerding y F. Encina-Montoya. 2013. Determinación de zonas edafoclimáticas homogéneas para bosques secundarios de Nothofagus dombeyi en el centro-sur de Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2): 351-360. Nothofagus dombeyi crece en una amplia variedad de sitios en Chile (30-47 ° S), por ello existe escaso conocimiento sobre su potencial productivo. Esto dificulta la toma de decisiones que orienten de mejor forma la producción de bienes y servicios de estos bosques. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el centro-sur de Chile (39° S-41° S), donde esta especie es prominente, especialmente en bosques secundarios. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar zonas edafoclimáticas homogéneas para los bosques secundarios de N. dombeyi, basado en la integración de factores biofísicos. Los enfoques metodológicos consideraron análisis espacial y construcción de coberturas geográficas por medio de sistemas de información geográfica, análisis multivariado de componentes principales y técnicas de agrupamiento con análisis CART. Fue posible determinar cinco zonas homogéneas para N. dombeyi con un alto nivel de precisión. La distribución espacial de la especie se explicó en orden decreciente por los factores biofísicos clima, suelo y topografía.

The purpose of this study was to develop polymorphic site index curves for the regeneration of coigüe (Nothofagus dombeyi ) in the pre-Andean mountains of the IX Region of Chile. Three forest sites were defined a priori for this purpose, based on a spatial analysis of physiographical variables related with ecological requirements of the species: elevation, aspect and gradient. Subsequently, for the purpose of adjusting the age-height models, an analysis was carried out in 50 sample units, together with a dendrometric sampling of 150 felled dominant and co-dominant trees. The results allowed the determination of three forest sites, with indexes of 20, 18 and 16 meters for a key age of 40 years. Aspect and elevation were both significant variables affecting site index.

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en la construcción de curvas de índice de sitio para renovales de coigüe (Nothofagus dombeyi) en la precordillera andina de la IX Región, Chile. Para esto se definieron a priori tres sitios forestales, a partir del análisis espacial de las variables fisiográficas altitud, exposición y pendiente. Posteriormente, con el objeto de ajustar los modelos de altura-edad se realizó un muestreo en 50 unidades muestrales y un análisis de tallo con volteo de 150 árboles dominantes y codominantes. Los resultados permitieron determinar la existencia de tres sitios forestales con índices de 20, 18 y 16 metros respectivamente, para la edad clave de 40 años. Los modelos seleccionados fueron polimórficos, y las variables fisiográficas incidentes fueron exposición y altitud.