Abstract Objective The present study aims to assess the reproducibility of digital planning for cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) among surgeons with different levels of experience. In addition, it attempts to determine the degree of planning reliability based on a contralateral THA or on a spherical marker positioned at the greater trochanter for calibration. Methods Two evaluators with different experience levels (A1 and A2) performed independently the retrospective digital surgical planning of 64 cementless THAs. Next, we compared the planning with the implants used in the surgery. The reproducibility was excellent when planning and implants were identical; proper in case of a single-unit variation; and inappropriate if there was variation in two or more units. The present analysis also determined the calibration accuracy between the contralateral THA and the spherical marker at the greater trochanter level. Results The present study demonstrated greater success when the most experienced evaluator performed the planning and greater accuracy for the contralateral THA. When splitting the analysis per parameter (contralateral THA or spherical marker), there was a statistical difference only for the planning of A1 and the implants used in the surgery. This difference occurred in the excellent category, with 67.3% for contralateral THA compared with 30.6% for a spherical marker (p < 0.001), and in the inappropriate category, with 7.1% for contralateral THA compared with 30.6% for a spherical marker (p < 0.001). Conclusions Digital planning is more accurate when performed by an experienced evaluator. The contralateral prosthesis head was a better reference than a marker on the greater trochanter.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do planejamento digital da artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) sem cimento entre cirurgiões com diferentes níveis de experiência e o grau de confiabilidade no planejamento baseado na ATQ contralateral com o método de marcador esférico posicionado ao nível do trocanter maior. Método Dois avaliadores com níveis de experiência diferentes (A1 e A2) realizaram de forma independente o planejamento digital operatório retrospectivo de 64 ATQs sem cimento. O planejamento foi comparado com os implantes utilizados na cirurgia, sendo classificados como: excelentes, quando idênticos; adequados, quando houve variação de uma unidade; e inadequados, quando ocorreu variação de duas ou mais unidades. Na presente análise, também foi avaliada a acurácia do parâmetro de calibragem entre a ATQ contralateral comparada com o marcador esférico ao nível do trocanter maior. Resultados O estudo demonstrou maior êxito no planejamento quando realizado pelo avaliador mais experiente, com maior acurácia na ATQ contralateral. Ao fragmentar a análise de acordo com o parâmetro utilizado (ATQ contralateral ou marcador esférico), houve diferença estatística apenas na comparação do planejamento do avaliador A1 com os implantes utilizados na cirurgia. Esta diferença ocorreu na classificação excelente com 67,3% em ATQ contralateral como parâmetro contra 30,6% com marcador esférico (p < 0,001) e inadequado de 7,1% contra 30,6%, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Conclusões A acurácia do planejamento digital é mais precisa quando realizada por um avaliador experiente e a utilização da cabeça de prótese contralateral como referência se mostrou superior à utilização de um marcador no trocanter maior.

Abstract Quality management can be considered as the set of actions adopted to obtain characteristics of the product or service provided capable of meeting/satisfying needs and even exceeding customer expectations, achieving sustainable results for the organization. In this sense, several improvement programs adopted by organizations have emerged over time, including lean six sigma (LSS). The objective of this research is to establish an overview of the stages of change of the lean six sigma program in organizations in the last 15 years, identifying the critical success factors (CSF) for its implementation before and after these 15 years. The initial panorama was established by carrying out qualitative research with specialists from the LSS program of a service sector organization in 2005, when nine CSF were identified, namely: communication, organizational culture, a commitment of individuals to change, middle managers role, resistance to change, top management commitment, project selection/prioritization, training, and dissemination of results. Then, to analyze the historical evolution, a bibliographic review was carried out on the process of changes in LSS programs in organizations from 2005 to 2021. In this bibliographic review, it was found that the nine CSF identified in the 2005 survey were still relevant in the 15 subsequent years and that technological advances and the digital transformation experienced in various sectors promoted the emergence of three new CSF in the implementation of organizations' LSS programs: big data analytics (BDA), agile manufacturing and innovation.

Resumo Gestão da qualidade pode ser considerada como o conjunto de ações tomadas para se atender e superar expectativas dos clientes e se obter resultados sustentáveis. Surgiram com o tempo diversos programas de melhoria nas organizações, entre eles o lean six sigma (LSS). O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer um panorama dos estágios de mudanças do LSS nas organizações nos últimos 15 anos, identificando fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) para sua implantação antes e após estes 15 anos. O panorama inicial foi estabelecido por meio da realização de pesquisa qualitativa com especialistas do programa LSS de uma organização do setor de serviços em 2005, quando foram identificados nove FCS: comunicação, cultura organizacional, comprometimento dos indivíduos, papel dos gerentes intermediários, resistências à mudança, comprometimento da alta administração, seleção de projetos, treinamento e divulgação dos resultados. Na sequência, para análise da evolução histórica, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre LSS nas organizações de 2005 a 2021. Nesta revisão constatou-se que os nove FCS identificados na pesquisa de 2005 continuavam relevantes nos 15 anos subsequentes, e que os avanços tecnológicos e a transformação digital promoveram o surgimento de três novos FCS na implantação dos programas LSS: Big Data Analytics (BDA), Manufatura Ágil e Inovação.

Abstract Long-term-ecological-research (LTER) faces many challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining long-term funding, changes in research questions and sampling designs, keeping researchers collecting standardized data for many years, impediments to interactions with local people, and the difficulty of integrating the needs of local decision makers with “big science”. These issues result in a lack of universally accepted guidelines as to how research should be done and integrated among LTER sites. Here we discuss how the RAPELD (standardized field infrastructure system), can help deal with these issues as a complementary technique in LTER studies, allowing comparisons across landscapes and ecosystems and reducing sampling costs. RAPELD uses local surveys to understand broad spatial and temporal patterns while enhancing decision-making and training of researchers, local indigenous groups and traditional communities. Sampling of ecological data can be carried out by different researchers through standardized protocols, resulting in spatial data that can be used to answer temporal questions, and allow new questions to be investigated. Results can also be integrated into existing biodiversity networks. Integrated systems are the most efficient way to save resources, maximize results, and accumulate information that can be used in the face of the unknown unknowns upon which our future depends.

Abstract The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery has set up a committee to provide new evidence-based recommendations for patient care associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Topics were divided in five groups: 1. Classification, 2. Diagnosis, 3. Conservative or non-invasive treatment, 4. Invasive treatment and 5. Treatment of small vessels. This last series is closely related to the activities of Brazilian angiologists and vascular surgeons, who are heavily involved in the treatment of small superficial veins. These guidelines are intended to assist in clinical decision-making for attending physicians and health managers. The decision to follow a guideline recommendation should be made by the responsible physician on a case-by-case basis taking into account the patient's specific condition, as well as local resources, regulations, laws, and clinical practice recommendations.

Resumo A Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular organizou uma comissão para fornecer novas recomendações baseadas em evidências sobre questões críticas de atendimento ao paciente com insuficiência venosa crônica. São abordados aqui os temas de classificação, diagnóstico, tratamento conservador, tratamento invasivo e tratamento de pequenos vasos. Esta última série está muito relacionada à atividade de angiologistas e cirurgiões vasculares, que possuem forte atuação no tratamento de pequenas veias superficiais. Estas diretrizes destinam-se a auxiliar na tomada de decisões clínicas de médicos assistentes e gestores de saúde. A decisão de seguir uma recomendação de diretriz deve ser feita pelo médico responsável caso a caso, levando em consideração a condição específica do paciente, bem como recursos locais, regulamentos, leis e recomendações de prática clínica.

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the effect of potassium rates on Bt transgenic resistance and damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda in corn plants at different developmental stages. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 3x6 factorial arrangement, with three potassium rates (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1) and six corn hybrids (20A55Hx, 30A77PW, AG1051, MG652PW, NS90VTPro2, and NS92VTPro), with three replicates. The hybrids were evaluated through the analysis of canonical variables. With low potassium rates, the effectiveness of the corn hybrids in controlling the S. frugiperda caterpillar decreases in the different phenological stages. The use of the Bt technology is more efficient under an adequate potassium rate of 90 kg ha-1 KCl.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o efeito de doses de potássio sobre a resistência transgênica Bt e os danos causados por Spodoptera frugiperda em plantas de milho, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3x6, com três doses de potássio (0, 45 e 90 kg ha-1) e seis híbridos de milho (20A55Hx, 30A77PW, AG1051, MG652PW, NS90VTPro2 e NS92VTPro), com três repetições. Os híbridos foram avaliados por meio de análise de variáveis canônicas. Com doses baixas de potássio, a eficácia dos híbridos de milho no controle da lagarta S. frugiperda diminui nos diferentes estádios fenológicos. O uso da tecnologia Bt é mais eficiente quando sob dosagem adequada de potássio de 90 kg ha-1 KCl.

Resumen: El condrosarcoma forma parte de los tumores primarios malignos más frecuentes. Las localizaciones pélvicas y de raíz de muslo requerirán abordajes amplios con la consecuente dificultad de cobertura de partes blandas. La hemipelvectomía externa es habitualmente el procedimiento de elección para estas localizaciones. Implica la resección de la extremidad inferior en bloque asociada a la hemipelvis ipsilateral, dando como resultado un gran defecto de cobertura. En algunas circunstancias, la extensa resección de partes blandas hace imposible la utilización de colgajos rotacionales locales. La reconstrucción con colgajo tipo “Fillet flaps” ofrece a estos defectos de partes blandas la opción de lograr una adecuada cobertura. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la resolución de un caso poco convencional de condrosarcoma de fémur proximal y su reconstrucción de partes blandas con un método nunca antes utilizado en nuestro medio.

Abstract: Chondrosarcoma is one of the most frequent malignant primary tumors. Pelvic and proximal femur locations require extensive approaches with the consequent difficulty of soft tissue reconstruction. External hemipelvectomy is usually the procedure for these locations. It involves total en bloc resection of the lower extremity associated with ipsilateral hemipelvis, resulting in a large coverage defect. In some cases, local rotational flaps are impossible. Reconstruction with fillet flaps offers an adequate coverage for soft tissue defects. The objective of this study is to show the resolution of an unconventional case of chondrosarcoma of the proximal femur and its soft tissue reconstruction with a method never before used in our country.

Resumo: O condrossarcoma é um dos tumores primários malignos mais frequentes. As localizações das raízes pélvicas e da coxa exigirão amplas abordagens com a conseqüente dificuldade em cobrir os tecidos moles. A hemipelvectomia externa costuma ser o procedimento de escolha para esses locais. Envolve a ressecção do membro inferior em bloco associado à hemipelve ipsilateral, resultando em um grande defeito de cobertura. Em algumas circunstâncias, a ressecção extensa de partes moles impossibilita o uso de retalhos rotacionais locais. A reconstrução com retalhos de filé oferece a esses defeitos de tecidos moles a opção de obter uma cobertura adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a resolução de um caso não convencional de condrossarcoma do fêmur proximal e sua reconstrução de partes moles com método nunca antes utilizado em nosso meio.

Resumo Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar de que forma as políticas de recursos humanos e a percepção das oportunidades de aprendizagem nas organizações influenciam a intenção de rotatividade dos profissionais. Originalidade/valor: Os autores demostraram que, ao compreenderem as relações existentes entre os constructos pesquisados, as organizações devem aumentar seus investimentos em melhorias nas políticas de recursos humanos, particularmente em ações que promovam uma maior percepção de oportunidades de aprendizagem, reduzindo a intenção de rotatividade de seus talentos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com abordagem quantitativa e coleta de dados realizada por meio de um survey. Aplicaram-se os questionários a 250 profissionais atuantes no mercado de trabalho e estudantes de uma universidade privada. A análise dos dados foi realizada com uma análise fatorial confirmatória e, na sequência, uma modelagem de equações estruturais. Resultados: Os autores apresentaram os resultados da investigação de forma descritiva. As três hipóteses definidas para o estudo foram aceitas, e foram consideradas significantes as dimensões das políticas de recursos humanos. Os autores apresentaram atributos relevantes para a compreensão de que, mesmo existindo diversos motivos que possam influenciar um profissional em sua decisão de desligar-se da organização, novos fatores devem ser considerados, como as possibilidades de uma maior oferta de conhecimento.

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this research is to investigate how human resources policies and the perception of learning opportunities in organizations influence the intention of professional turnover. Originality/value: The authors demonstrated that, by understanding the existing relationships between the researched constructs, organizations should increase their investments in improvements in human resources policies, particularly in actions that promote a greater perception of learning opportunities, which reduce the intention of employee turnover of their talents. Design/methodology/approach: This research was developed with a quantitative approach and data collection was carried out through a survey. The questionnaires were applied to 250 professionals working in the labor market and students from a private university. Data analysis was performed with a confirmatory factor analysis and, subsequently, a structural equation modeling. Findings: The authors presented the research results in a descriptive way, the three hypotheses defined for the study were accepted, and the dimensions of human resources policies were considered significant. The authors presented relevant attributes for the understanding that, even though there are several reasons that can influence a professional in his decision to leave the organization, new factors must be considered, such as the possibilities of a greater offer of knowledge.

EXEMPLIFYING THE USE OF MACRO ELEMENTAL MAPPING BY XRF (MA-XRF) SCANNING IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF ARTWORKS. This work exemplifies the potential of employing macro elemental mapping by XRF (MA XRF) scanning in the forensic investigation of artworks. The results of the investigation of two artworks of different styles and periods are presented and discussed. The images provided by MA-XRF scanning have information about the elemental distribution, which is related to pigments used in the artwork. These images bring different information such as: if there are underlying paintings; if a given pigment was used for the purpose of restoration or in the creation. Therefore, through the images, it is possible to obtain information, which refers to the process of creating the artwork and the history of conservation and restoration. Through the results, it was possible to verify that the two artworks are probably false because they present anachronistic pigments with the supposed period of creation. The analyzes were performed using a portable MA-XRF scanning system, and in addition to presenting the utility of the instrument in these investigations, the work also presents possibilities to explore the MA-XRF data through multivariate statistical analysis and image correlation.

RESUMO Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um parasitoide adulto de lepidópteros-praga, e a idade do hospedeiro exerce forte infuência sobre sua reprodução. Objetivou-se avaliar as características biológicas de T. howardi criado em pupas de Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) de diferentes idades. Para tanto, pupas com 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 ou 168 horas de idade foram expostas ao parasitismo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (idade de pupa) e 10 repetições, sendo que cada repetição foi constituída por cinco pupas individualizadas com uma fêmea do parasitoide nas respectivas idades. Tetrastichus howardi parasitou e emergiu em pupas de todas as idades avaliadas. A duração do ciclo (ovo-adulto) em dias, número de parasitoides emergidos por pupa (progênie), progênie por fêmea, razão sexual do parasitoide e longevidade de adultos foram semelhantes. Este é o primeiro registro de T. howardi se reproduzindo em pupas de C. includens em condições de laboratório. O maior parasitismo e desenvolvimento de T. howardi foi obtido em pupas de C. includens com 24 a 96 horas, sendo essa faixa etária favorável para a criação desse parasitoide em condições de laboratório.

ABSTRACT Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an adult parasitoid of lepidopteran pests, and the age of the host has a strong influence on its reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of T. howardi reared on different aged pupae of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For that, pupae with 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 or 168 h of age were exposed to parasitism. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments (pupal age) and ten replications, with each replication consisting of five pupae individualized with one female parasitoid at the respective ages. Tetrastichus howardi parasitized and emerged in pupae of all the evaluated ages. The duration of the cycle (egg-adult) in days, number of parasitoids that emerged per pupa (progeny), progeny per female, sex ratio of the parasitoid and longevity of adults were similar. This is the first record of T. howardi reproducing in C. includens pupae under laboratory conditions. The highest parasitism and development of T. howardi was obtained in 24-to 96-hour-old pupae of C. includens, indicating that this age range is more favorable to rear this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 disease is spread worldwide and diagnostic techniques have been studied in order to contain the pandemic. Immunochromatographic (IC) assays are feasible and a low-cost alternative especially in low and middle-income countries, which lack structure to perform certain diagnostic techniques. Here we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of eleven different IC tests in 145 serum samples from confirmed cases of COVID-19 using RT-PCR and 100 negative serum samples from blood donors collected in February 2019. We also evaluated the cross-reactivity with dengue using 20 serum samples from patients with confirmed diagnosis for dengue collected in early 2019 through four different tests. We found high sensitivity (92%), specificity (100%) and an almost perfect agreement (Kappa 0.92) of IC assay, especially when we evaluated IgG and IgM combined after 10 days from the onset of symptoms with RT-PCR. However, we detected cross-reactivity between dengue and COVID-19 mainly with IgM antibodies (5 to 20% of cross-reaction) and demonstrated the need for better studies about diagnostic techniques for these diseases.

BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are significant public health issues worldwide. A system biology approach can help understand bacterial behaviour and provide novel ways to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop new drugs. Gene regulatory networks (GRN) are examples of in silico representation of interaction between regulatory genes and their targets. OBJECTIVES In this work, we update the MDR P. aeruginosa CCBH4851 GRN reconstruction and analyse and discuss its structural properties. METHODS We based this study on the gene orthology inference methodology using the reciprocal best hit method. The P. aeruginosa CCBH4851 genome and GRN, published in 2019, and the P. aeruginosa PAO1 GRN, published in 2020, were used for this update reconstruction process. FINDINGS Our result is a GRN with a greater number of regulatory genes, target genes, and interactions compared to the previous networks, and its structural properties are consistent with the complexity of biological networks and the biological features of P. aeruginosa. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Here, we present the largest and most complete version of P. aeruginosa GRN published to this date, to the best of our knowledge.

Abstract Background: In pandemic times, social isolation is of utmost importance to minimize the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. At times like these, home fitness becomes extremely necessary to avoid sedentarism and decompensation in chronic disease patients. Objectives: Evaluate the engagement of rehabilitation patients to a tele- oriented exercise program at home (TOEP). Materials and Methods: 66 of 94 patients (63.8% males; 65.5±14 years old; 5.2±2.6 months in rehabilitation) agreed to take part. Subjects were grouped in three levels of functionality to guide the exercise prescription. Weekly Training Rates (WTR) were compared using the Friedman test and corrected by Dunn's test. A multivariate logistic model was designed to determine independent predictors in program engagement. Statistical significance was determined by a p<0.05. Results: TOEP provided WTR similar to the pre-quarantine values of 2.8/week (p>0.05), and 91.8% of patients took part until the end of those 5 weeks. The presence of diabetes was a predicted factor for low engagement to TOEP with relative risk of 0.41 (CI95%: 0.25 to 0.66). Conclusion: TOEP provided satisfactory engagement in rehabilitation patients. Most of them increased WTR during quarantine. Patients with diabetes displayed lower engagement to the minimum standard frequency.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar critérios de identificação de lesão no nervo fibular comum (NFC) por ressonância magnética (RM) em pacientes com lesão aguda e subaguda no canto posterolateral (CPL) e avaliar a reprodutibilidade na identificação de alterações do NFC. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídos, retrospectivamente, 38 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a RM e com diagnóstico de lesão aguda ou subaguda no CPL do joelho, constituindo o grupo de pacientes. Outros 38 pacientes com RM normal foram utilizados como grupo controle. Dois radiologistas musculoesqueléticos (A e B) analisaram as imagens. A lesão neural foi classificada em neuropraxia, axoniotmese ou neurotmese. Foi medida a intensidade do sinal no NFC, no nervo tibial (NT) e em uma veia superficial (VS), e calculadas as razões de sinal NFC/NT e NFC/VS. Estruturas do CPL, incluindo tendão poplíteo, ligamento arqueado, ligamento colateral lateral e tendão do bíceps, foram classificadas como normal, rotura parcial ou rotura completa. Os ligamentos cruzados também foram avaliados segundo os mesmos critérios. O teste kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância interobservador para as classificações semiquantitativas. Curva ROC foi utilizada para análise quantitativa. Resultados: O radiologista A encontrou alterações no NFC em 15 casos (39,4%): 8 neuropraxias, 7 axoniotmeses e nenhuma neurotmese. O radiologista B encontrou alterações no NFC em 14 casos (36,8%): 9 neuropraxias, 5 axoniotmeses e nenhuma neurotmese. O teste kappa mostrou alta concordância interobservador. No grupo controle, a razão NFC/NT variou entre 0,63-1,1 e a razão NFC/VS variou entre 0,16-0,41. Para o grupo de pacientes, a razão NFC/NT variou entre 1,30-4,02 e a razão NFC/VS variou entre 0,27-1,08. A análise com curva ROC demonstrou alta especificidade (93,3%) com relação à razão NFC/NT, usando um valor de corte de 1,39. Houve boa especificidade (81,3%) para a razão NFC/VS usando um valor de corte de 0,41. Conclusão: As alterações do NFC são detectadas com frequência nas lesões do CPL nas imagens de RM, com concordância interobservadores quase perfeita. Usando as razões de intensidade de sinal entre o NFC e o NT e entre o NFC e a VS, aumenta a confiança no diagnóstico. Recomendamos a análise sistemática do NFC nos casos de lesão do CPL.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for injury of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) in patients with acute or subacute injuries in the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, as well as to evaluate the reproducibility of MRI evaluation of CPN alterations. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients submitted to MRI and diagnosed with acute or subacute injury to the PLC of the knee (patient group) and 38 patients with normal MRI results (control group). Two musculoskeletal radiologists (designated radiologist A and radiologist B, respectively) evaluated the images. Nerve injury was classified as neurapraxia, axonotmesis, or neurotmesis. Signal strength was measured at the CPN, the tibial nerve (TN), and a superficial vein (SV). The CPN/TN and CPN/SV signal ratios were calculated. The status of each PLC structure, including the popliteal tendon, arcuate ligament, lateral collateral ligament, and biceps tendon, was classified as normal, partially torn, or completely torn, as was that of the cruciate ligaments. For the semiquantitative analysis of interobserver agreement, the kappa statistic was calculated, whereas a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the quantitative analysis. Results: In the patient group, radiologist A found CPN abnormalities in 15 cases (39.4%)-neurapraxia in eight and axonotmesis in seven-whereas radiologist B found CPN abnormalities in 14 (36.8%)-neurapraxia in nine and axonotmesis in five. The kappa statistic showed excellent interobserver agreement. In the control group, the CPN/TN signal ratio ranged from 0.63 to 1.1 and the CPN/SV signal ratio ranged from 0.16 to 0.41, compared with 1.30-4.02 and 0.27-1.08, respectively, in the patient group. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the CPN/TN signal ratio at a cutoff value of 1.39 had high (93.3%) specificity for the identification of nerve damage, compared with 81.3% for the CPN/SV signal ratio at a cutoff value of 0.41. Conclusion: CPN alterations are common in patients with PLC injury detected on MRI, and the level of interobserver agreement for such alterations was excellent. Calculating the CPN/TN and CPN/SV signal ratios may increase diagnostic confidence. We recommend systematic analysis of the CPN in cases of PLC injury.

Abstract This study addresses the implementation of electrical micro-grids in urban areas as a response to the need for the insertion of renewable energies in different societies. In a first phase, the energy consumption profile of a condominium with a residential, commercial type load is characterized. and community, addressing the construction of said profile by lifting real loads and statistical criteria of use and coincidence. In the second phase, the natural resources, wind speed and solar radiation available in the study area are analyzed through the specialized software Homer Pro with latitude and longitude coordinates, subsequently the viability of the renewable electricity generation elements is analyzed and defined use, a possible generator set and its use of fuel are also proposed in order to complement the micro-grid in aspects of inertia and stability. With the energy demand and generation resources raised, architectural alternatives of a potential micro-network for the condominium are designed, simulations are carried out for isolated and interconnected cases with real values of the environment and an economic analysis of the implementation, obtaining the viability of the micro network.

Resumen El presente estudio aborda la implementación de microrredes eléctricas en zonas urbanas como respuesta a la necesidad de inserción de energías renovables en las sociedades. En una primera fase se caracteriza el perfil de consumo de energía de un condominio con carga de tipo residencial, comercial y comunitaria, abordando la construcción de este perfil mediante levantamiento de cargas reales y criterios estadísticos de factores de uso y coincidencia. En la segunda fase se analizan los recursos naturales velocidad del viento y radiación solar disponibles en la zona de estudio a través del software especializado Homer Pro con coordenadas de latitud y longitud. Posteriormente se analiza y define la viabilidad de los elementos de generación eléctrica renovable por emplear, también se plantea un posible grupo electrógeno y su uso de combustible con el fin de complementar la microrred en aspectos de inercia y estabilidad. Con la demanda de energía y recursos de generación planteados se diseñan alternativas de arquitectura de una potencial microrred para el condominio, se hacen simulaciones para los casos aislado e interconectado con valores reales del entorno y un análisis económico de la implementación, para obtener la viabilidad de la microrred.

Abstract Background The SARS-COV2 pandemic has deeply affected the availability for training and competing for recreational and professional athletes. However, to date, the disease’s course among the athletic population has not been *studied . Objectives To compare the observed and expected rates of hospitalization for COVID-19 and to establish relationships between demographics and sportive characteristics of an athletic sample, and the COVID-19 infection rate. Material and Methods This study uses cross-sectional data sampling through an online questionnaire to collect data from recreational and professional athletes. Based on self-reports, athletes were grouped in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 cases. To decrease detection bias for each four patients who reported being hospitalized, one additional virtual patient was added to the sample. The observed rate of hospitalization (ORH) was compared with age expected rate of hospitalization (ERH) from the literature data. A multivariate model (MM) was developed to establish independent relationships between the prevalence of COVID-19 cases and the variables mentioned above. The statistical significance level was defined for a p-value<0.05. Results Answers from 1,701 individuals were analyzed. The COVID-19 group was comprised of 99 (5.8%) individuals, four of whom reported having been hospitalized. ORH and ERH were respectively of 5.0% and 18.1% (p=0.001). In the MM female gender (OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.19), cycling (OR=2.91, 95% CI 1.58 to 5.39), swimming (OR=2.97, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.74), and triathlon (OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.91) were independently associated with a COVID-19 prevalence. Conclusion Self-reported rates of hospitalization for COVID-19 among athletes were much lower than expected. The prevalence of positive cases of COVID-19 was independently higher for cyclists, triathletes, and swimmers than for runners.