Resumo Introdução O autismo é uma desordem neurológica complexa de causas multifatoriais, que compromete habilidades físicas, psicológicas, emocionais e sociais, podendo dificultar os cuidados com a saúde bucal. A saliva, que pode ser coletada de forma fácil e não invasiva, vem sendo utilizada para diagnóstico e triagem de várias condições e patologias. A capacidade antioxidante total nesse fluido está reduzida em crianças com cárie e tem sido investigada como possível marcador para essa doença, mas são escassas as informações sobre antioxidantes na saliva de crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo preliminar foi verificar a influência do gênero na diferença da capacidade antioxidante e no dano oxidativo proteico, na saliva de crianças com TEA. Material e método A saliva total foi obtida por aspiração, entre 8:00 e 11:00 horas, de 12 meninas e 12 meninos com idades entre 5 e 15 anos, com diagnóstico prévio de TEA. A capacidade antioxidante total, o ácido úrico, a concentração total de proteínas e o dano oxidativo proteico foram analisados por espectrofotometria. Os valores de média e desvio padrão foram testados quanto à normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk teste) e comparados com o teste Mann Whitney. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultado Nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos foi observada, nos parâmetros analisados (P>0,05). Conclusão Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluímos que o gênero não influencia nos níveis de marcadores do estresse oxidativo na saliva de crianças com TEA.

Abstract Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.

RESUMO: Apesar da reconhecida importância de Clostridium perfringens como enteropatógeno de pequenos ruminantes, pouco se sabe sobre a frequência dos genótipos ou do papel de fatores de virulência adicionais de C. perfringens em cabras saudáveis, dificultando o diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção causada por esse micro-organismo. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar C. perfringens de amostras de fezes de cabras adultas saudáveis. Amostras de fezes de 250 cabras saudáveis de 17 rebanhos diferentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram submetidas ao isolamento e genotipagem de C. perfringens. C. perfringens tipo A foi isolado de 189 (75,6%) cabras, enquanto C. perfringens tipos C e D foram detectados em um animal (0.4%) cada. Todos os isolados foram negativos para os genes codificadores das toxinas NetB, NetE, NetF e enterotoxina. Os resultados apresentados confirmam C. perfringens tipo A como parte da microbiota de cabras saudáveis e sugere que C. perfringens tipos C e D são raramente encontrados em caprinos saudáveis.

ABSTRACT: Despite the known importance of Clostridium perfringens as an enteropathogen in small ruminants, little is known about the role of its additional virulence factors or the frequency of the various C. perfringens genotypes in healthy goats; this complicates the laboratory diagnosis of the infections caused by this microorganism. In light of this, the aim of the present study was to isolate and genotype C. perfringens from stool samples from healthy goats in Brazil. Stool samples from 250 apparently healthy adult goats from 17 different herds in Minas Gerais, Brazil were collected, and isolation and genotyping of C. perfringens was performed. C. perfringens type A was isolated from 189 (75.6%) goats, whereas C. perfringens types C and D were each detected in one goat (0.4%). All isolates were negative for enterotoxin-, NetB-, NetE-, and NetF-encoding genes. These results confirmed C. perfringens type A as part of the microbiota in these animals, and they suggested that C. perfringens type C and D are rarely isolated from healthy goats.

ABSTRACT Torsional overload is a fracture representative parameter for instruments in single-file techniques. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the influence of clinical use, in vivo, on the torsional behavior of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments considering the possibility that they degraded with use. Material and Methods Diameter at each millimeter, pitch length, and area at 3 mm from the tip were determined for both types of instruments. Twenty-four instruments, size 25, 0.08 taper, of each system were divided into two groups (n=12 each): Control Group (CG), in which new Reciproc (RC) and WaveOne Primary (WO) instruments were tested in torsion until rupture based on ISO 3630-1; and Experimental Group (EG), in which each new instrument was clinically used to clean and shape the root canals of one molar. After clinical use, the instruments were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy and subsequently tested in torsion until fracture. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at a=.05. Results WO instruments showed significantly higher mean values of cross-sectional area A3 (P=0.000) and smaller pitch lengths than RC instruments with no statistically significant differences in the diameter at D3 (P=0.521). No significant differences in torsional resistance between the RC and WO new instruments (P=0.134) were found. The clinical use resulted in a tendency of reduction in the maximum torque of the analyzed instruments but no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P=0.327). During the preparation of the root canals, two fractured RC instruments and longitudinal and transversal cracks in RC and WO instruments were observed through SEM analysis. Conclusion After clinical use, no statistically significant reduction in the torsional resistance was observed.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most common salivary gland tumor, accounts for 54 to 65% of all salivary gland neoplasias and 80% of the benign salivary gland tumors. It most frequently affects the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular and the minor salivary glands. Microscopically, mucous, sebaceous, oncocytic and squamous metaplasia, sometimes with the formation of keratin pearls, may be present, but the latter rarely results in the formation of extensive keratin-flled cysts lined by squamous epithelium. Extensive squamous metaplasia can be mistaken for malignancy, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we present an unusual case of PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cyst formations in a minor salivary gland, and discuss its microscopic features, including the immunohistochemical characteristics, and differential diagnosis of this uncommon presentation.

The objective of this study was to report the experience of students and professors of the School of Nursing of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) on the implementation non-medication treatment of hypertension in a public clinic in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The work was based on the principal of non-medication treatment, informing the patient of the importance and need to change their life styles so as to bring an improvement in their quality of life.

En este estudio se relata la experiencia de alumnos y docentes del curso de Enfermería de la UFMG en las consultas de enfermería a pacientes portadores de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) de un ambulatorio público de Belo Horizonte. Este trabajo enfoca, sobre todo, el tratamiento no medicamentoso, ya que lo que se busca es que los pacientes tengan conciencia de que es necesario cambiar el estilo de vida para, a su vez, mejorar su propia calidad de vida.

Neste estudo, o objetivo é relatar a experiência de discentes e docentes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da UFMG, na realização de consultas de enfermagem a pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em um ambulatório público de Belo Horizonte. Neste trabalho, enfatiza-se, principalmente, o tratamento não medicamentoso visando despertar a conscientização desses pacientes sobre a importância e a necessidade de mudança no seu estilo de vida, contribuindo, assim, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida deles.

A educação médica deve privilegiar temas prevalentes; os transtornos relacionados ao álcool são um deles. Nosso objetivo foi determinar a freqüência dos transtornos relacionados ao consumo do álcool e verificar se um mesmo paciente apresentou mais de um transtorno, contribuindo para educação sociocêntrica. Foi estudo retrospectivo transversal em que foram analisadas as fichas de atendimento com relato de consumo de álcool, em pronto socorro, no ano 2000 (1901 casos). Os efeitos diretos do álcool foram encontrados em 80,38% dos pacientes, traumas em 28,56%, distúrbios gastrointestinais e/ou metabólicos em 27%, infecções em 6,42% e distúrbios carenciais em 5,94%. Constatou-se apenas um diagnóstico em 46,6% dos casos, e mais de um em 48,67%. Os transtornos mais freqüentes foram: intoxicação, abstinência, gastrite, cirrose, desidratação, hiper ou hipoglicemia e trauma. Os transtornos relacionados ao álcool são freqüentes e comumente associados; isso faz do consumo de álcool importante tema num programa de educação médica.

Medical education must focus prevalent themes in communities; alcohol consumption is one of these themes. Our objective was to determine the frequency of the alcohol consumption related disorders and verify if a patient had more than one disease diagnosed, contributing to sociocentric education. It was a transversal retrospective study made by collection of medical records that had any reference to alcohol in a emergency room in 2000 (1901 cases). Alcohol direct effects were found in 80.38% of the patients, trauma in 28.56%, digestive and/or metabolic diseases in 27%, infections in 6.42% and nutritional disorders in 5.94%. Only one diagnosis was attributed in 46.6% of the cases and more than one in 48.67%. The most frequent disturbs were: intoxication, abstinence syndrome, gastritis, cirrhosis, dehydration, low or high glucose levels and trauma. Alcohol related disturbances are frequent and often associated; thus, alcohol abuse is an important content in a medical education.

É raro doença encéfalo-vascular como primeira manifestação de arterite temporal. Relatamos dois casos, nos quais o diagnóstico emergiu da anamnese. Mulher de 55 anos havia apresentado enfarto em hemisfério cerebral esquerdo há 3 meses. Vinha com melhora progressiva quando teve perda visual completa e a família nos procurou para uma segunda opinião. A paciente havia tido hemiplegia direita, afasia e distúrbio visual à esquerda no primeiro episódio; o quadro atual era de perda visual completa bilateral. Com suspeita de arterite temporal a paciente foi internada; a VHS era de 97 mm e a fundoscopia mostrava intensa neurite óptica isquêmica. Homem de 75 anos apresentou síndrome de Wallemberg. Na revisão da anamnese destacou-se cefaléia temporal e no exame, processo inflamatório na região da artéria temporal; a VHS era de 70 mm e a biópsia confirmou diagnóstico. A "tecnolatria" tem contaminado o exercício da medicina; convém que relembremos a soberania dos dados clínicos.

Brain vascular disease as the first presentation of temporal arteritis is unusual. We present two cases in which the diagnosis emerged from the anamnesis. A 54 years old woman has had a left cerebral infarct 3 months ago. She was getting better when severe visual loss occurred and the family decided to get a second opinion. The patient have had right hemiparesis, aphasia and a left visual disturbance in the first episode; now she had severe bilateral visual disturbance. We suspected temporal arteritis was the etiology. HSR was 97 mm and fundoscopy disclosed severe ischemic optic neuritis. A 75 years old man presented Wallemberg syndrome. The history disclosed temporal headache and the examination showed inflammation in temporal artery. HSR was 70 mm and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. "Tecnolatry" is affecting medical practice; it's necessary to put back in the center the clinical sovereignty.