Salacia crassifolia traditionally known as “Bacupari-do-Cerrado” is used to treat kidney problems, and as a healing agent for coughs and malaria. The phytochemical study of the S. crassifolia roots led to the isolation of thirteen compounds: abruslactone-A (1), urs-12-ene-3β,25,30-triol (2), carioprystimerin (3), β-sitosterol (4), pristimerin (5), dispermoquinone (6), netzahualcoyonol (7), 20-hydroxy-20-epi-tingenone (8), 6-oxo-pristimerol (9), 9β,10β-epoxi-3β-hydroxy-1βH,4βH,5βH,7βH,11αH-guaian-12,8β-olide (10), 3-O-b-D-glucosyl-b-sitosterol (11), 4`-O-methylepigalocatechin (12) and cerebroside (13). The chemical structures of 1-13 were determined by IR, 1D/2D NMR together with X-ray diffractometry. Compounds 2 and 10 are herein described for the first time. Extracts of S. crassifolia and compounds 3, 5, 8 and 9 were evaluated on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vivo toxicity tests using Caenorhabditis elegans model. All tested compounds inhibited acetylcholinesterase, and compounds 3, 8 and 9 demonstrated a greater potential when compared to the standard eserine. The tested compounds showed low cytotoxicity against the THP-1, K562 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. None of the tested compounds and extracts were toxic against C. elegans since the larvae survival rate in L1 stage was higher than 90%.

Abstract The present study develops and applies a neuro-fuzzy modal vibration control of smart laminated composite structures with piezoelectric layers via Mixed theory. Differently from previous studies, the composite structures in this paper are modeled via the Mixed Theory using the High-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) theory. The Mixed Theory adopts a single layer when representing the mechanical displacement field, through HSDT theory, and multiple layers (Layerwise theory) for the electrical degrees of freedom. The Mixed Theory is computationally implemented in the Matlab® software using a plate-type element called Serendipity. Moreover, a neuro-fuzzy active vibration controller is implemented to attenuate the vibration of the smart composite structures. The numerical results validate the electric-mechanical coupling adopted, showing the importance of the mixed theory in the static and dynamic modeling of slender beams and plates with piezoelectric layers. Finally, the results of the robustness analysis indicate that the neuro-fuzzy controller has benefits compared with the linear quadratic regulator.

ABSTRACT: In this paper it was sought to enhance the potential damage detection, location and quantification of the Discrete and Continuous Wavelet Transforms in thin damaged laminated composite plates by a signal derived from vibration modes. To evaluate the ability of both transforms in the damage prognostic it was also proposed the use of Damage Indexes. The matrix damage level occurs during the impulsive load application over the analyzed structures. The finite element used was a Serendipity-type with rectangular shape, 8 nodes and 5 mechanical degrees-of-freedom per node, which was formulated by First-order Shear Deformation Theory on MATLAB (MathWorks®). The dynamic equation of motion including internal damage was solved by the Newmark implicit integration method. The results have demonstrated that mother wavelets, whether discrete or continuous, applied in dynamic signal processing, can detect a small damage magnitude in the matrix level. Moreover, the proposed Damage Indexes can quantify the damage magnitude as well as determine the most appropriate vibration mode and scalar parameter of the Continuous Wavelet Transform for damage detention.

ABSTRACT: This paper proposes an active vibration control technique, which is based on linear matrix inequalities, that is applied to a piezoelectric actuator bonded to a composite structure, forming a so-called smart composite structure. Serendipity-type finite element, based on first-order shear deformation theory with rectangular shape, eight nodes, five mechanical degrees of freedom (DOF) per node and eight electrical DOF per piezoelectric layer, is established for the composite structural model. Additionally, a mixed theory that uses a single equivalent layer for the discretization of the mechanical displacement field and a layerwise representation of the electrical field is adopted. Temperature effects are neglected. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed vibration control methodology for composite structures.

Objetivou-se estimar as herdabilidades para as características de carcaça de área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EG) e espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa (EGP8), medidas por ultrassonografia, em bovinos da raça Nelore Mocho, criados em bioma Cerrado. As informações utilizadas foram provenientes de criatórios da raça Nelore Mocho, participantes do Programa Nelore Brasil, da Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores (ANCP), localizados nos estados que representam as maiores áreas contínuas do bioma Cerrado. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram obtidas mediante análises bi-características, sob modelo animal, utilizando a estatística bayesiana por meio do aplicativo MTGSAM. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de média magnitude para a AOL (0,25), EG (0,19) e EGP8 (0,25). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as características de carcaça, avaliadas por ultrassonografia, apresentam grande variabilidade genética e podem ser incluídas em programas de melhoramento genético de bovinos da raça Nelore Mocho.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for carcass traits of longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF) and rump fat thickness (RF), measured by ultrasound in Polled Nelore cattle raised in the Cerrado biome. The data set was obtained from bovines Polled Nelore, proceeding from participant farms of the Nelore Brazil Program of the National Association of Breeders and Researchers, raised on pasture, from the Brazilian states that have the largest continuous areas of the Cerrado. Heritabilities were estimated by Gibbs Sampling using the MTGSAM software (Multiple Trait using Gibbs Sampler under Animal Model). The heritability estimates were 0.30, 0.17 and 0.25 for LMA, BF and RF, respectively. The results indicate that carcass traits have high genetic variability and should be included in breeding programs.

O presente trabalho objetivou determinar um calendário agrícola para a cultura do milho, na microrregião de Sinop (MT), avaliando-se as seguintes variáveis: precipitação pluviométrica, temperatura do ar e evapotranspiração. Com base nas exigências térmicas de híbrido precoce, foi utilizado o método da soma térmica ou graus-dia, para definir a ocorrência dos estádios fenológicos, levando-se em consideração a temperatura superior (30ºC) e inferior (10ºC). A estação de crescimento foi determinada com base na variação dos totais médios decendiais da precipitação pluvial e evapotranspiração de referência, para a localidade. Para o estabelecimento do calendário, foram observadas as exigências térmicas necessárias para completar as fases fenológicas, a distribuição de precipitação pluvial durante estas fases e a probabilidade de ocorrência de, pelo menos, cinco dias secos, nos decêndios. A melhor época para a semeadura foi observada entre o 30º e 32º decêndios, no final de outubro e início de novembro.

This study aimed at determining an agriculture calendar for the maize crop in Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, by evaluating rainfall, air temperature and evapotranspiration. Based on the thermal requirements of the maize hybrid, the heat unit accumulation or degree-day methods were used to determine the occurrence of phenological stages, considering the highest (30ºC) and lowest (10ºC) temperatures. The growing season was determined by analyzing the variation of the total 10-days average rainfall and evapotranspiration for that locality. The calendar was established according to the thermal requirements to complete the phenological stages, rainfall distribution during these stages and probability of occurring at least five dry days per 10-days period. The best sowing time took place between the 30th and 32nd 10-days period, at the end of October and beginning of November.

Neste trabalho, a aplicação de um microssistema analítico construído com tecnologia LTCC (cerâmica cossinterizada a baixa temperatura) com incorporação monolítica de uma cela óptica de fluxo para determinação de dipirona em formulações farmacêuticas é descrita. O sistema de detecção baseou-se na formação de um cromóforo azul entre a dipirona e Fe(III) monitorado fotometricamente em 630 nm usando um minifotômetro de LED lab-made construído com um diodo emissor de luz como fonte de radiação e um fotodiodo de Si como detector. O minifotômetro elaborado apresentou um bom desempenho com respeito à elevada relação sinal ruído, baixo ruído e sensibilidade satisfatória. A curva analítica foi linear na região de concentração de dipirona de 1,0 × 10-4 a 3,5 × 10-3 mol L-1 tendo sido obtido um limite de detecção de 4,5 × 10-5 mol L-1 e um tempo total de análise de 20 s equivalente à uma frequência analítica de 195 h-1 com pouca geração de resíduos por análise (480 µL).

In this work, an analytical microsystem based on LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) technology with monolithic incorporation of an optical flow cell for determination of dipyrone in pharmaceuticals is described. The detection system is based on the formation of a blue chromophore between dipyrone and Fe(III) photometrically monitored at 630 nm using a lab-made LED mini-photometer constructed with a light emitting diode as a radiation source and a Si photodiode as a detector. The lab-made mini-photometer elaborated presented a good performance in regard to high signal/noise ratio, low drift and good sensitivity. The analytical curve was linear in the dipyrone concentration range from 1.0 × 10-4 to 3.5 × 10-3 mol L-1, limit of detection of 4.5 × 10-5 mol L-1 and total time of analyses of 20 s yielding an analytical frequency of 195 h-1 with a low waste generation per analysis (480 µL).

This study reports on the construction of a turbidimeter employing light emitting diodes as radiation source at a wavelength of 405 nm, a photodiode as detector, a temperature sensor and a microcontroller used for data acquisition and processing. The turbidimeter was applied to determine sulfate concentrations in natural water employing barium chloride as reagent. Potential interferences and recovery studies were performed and an interference of 3.5 % and a recovery between 97.8 and 108 % were estimated. The analytical performance of in situ turbidimeter for the determination of sulfate was evaluated and compared with two commercial spectrophotometers and a good agreement was obtained.

A análise turbidimétrica e nefelométrica sequencial (STN) para duas aplicações analíticas empregando um nefelômetro e turbidímetro microcontrolado portátil (PMTN) é proposta. O PMTN é constituído de diodos emissores de luz, fotodiodos, microcontrolador como unidade de processamento central (CPU) e um um LCD (liquid crystal display) como amostrador. Os métodos STN foram aplicados para a determinação de N-acetilcisteína em formulações farmacêuticas nos intervalos de concentração de 8,0 × 10-5 a 5,0 × 10-3 mol L-1 (nefelometria) e de 5,0 × 10-5 a 1,2 × 10-3 mol L-1 (turbidimetria) com limites de detecção (LOD) de 2.6 × 10-6 e 7,5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectivamente. As análises STN também foram executadas para a determinação de tiamina na faixa de concentração de 5,0 × 10-6 a 2,5 × 10-4 mol L-1 e de 5,0 × 10-6 a 1,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 com LOD de 5,91 × 10-8 e 3,11 × 10-8 mol L-1 respectivamente no modo nefelométrico e turbidimétrico.

Sequential turbidimetric and nephelometric (STN) analysis for two distinct analytical applications employing a portable microcontrolled turbidimeter and nephelometer (PMTN) is proposed. The PMTN is based on light emitting diodes, photodiodes and, a microcontroller as a central processing unit with a LCD (liquid crystal display) as displayer. The STN methods were applied to determine N-acetylcysteine and two analytical curves in the concentration ranges from 8.0 × 10-5 to 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1 and from 5.0 × 10-5 to 1.2 × 10-3 mol L-1 were obtained to nephelometry and turbidimetry, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) of 2.6 × 10-6 and 7.5 × 10-6 mol L-1 were acquired for these procedures. The STN analyses were also performed to determinate thiamine and two analytical curves in the concentration ranges from 5.0 × 10-6 to 2.5 × 10-4 mol L-1 and from 5.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 with LOD of 5.91 × 10-8 and 3.11 × 10-8 mol L-1 were acquired for nephelometry and turbidimetry, respectively.

Este relato de experiência profissional apresenta características do sofrimento psíquico vivenciado por agentes de segurança penitenciária (ASPs) e delimita os elementos psicodinâmicos que emergem no trabalho de vigilância prisional. A partir de um espaço para o acolhimento desses trabalhadores, pôde-se apreender: o esvaziamento do sentido do trabalho, a sensação de enclausuramento em algumas funções, a temerosidade em relação à segurança e a representação social pejorativa desse trabalho. A atenção em saúde mental permitiu a compreensão de vivências ansiogênicas, a elaboração dos aspectos psicodinâmicos mobilizados pelas exigências institucionais e ainda propiciou a mobilização subjetiva para o enfrentamento das práticas disciplinares institucionais.

This professional experience report presents characteristics of mental suffering experienced by prison security agents (PSAs) and outlines the psychodynamic elements that emerge in prison surveillance work. Based on a space for mental health care delivery to these workers, the following factors were apprehended: the emptiness of the work meaning, the feeling of imprisonment in some functions, the fearfulness about the security and the pejorative social representation of this work. This mental health care allowed the understanding of anxiogenic experiences, the elaboration of the psychodynamic aspects mobilized by institutional demands and it also favored subjective mobilization for coping with institutional disciplinary practices.

Este relato de experiencia profesional presenta características del sufrimiento psíquico vivido por Agentes de Seguridad Penitenciaria (ASPs) y delimita elementos psicodinámicos que emergen en el trabajo de vigilancia de prisiones. A partir de un espacio para la acogida de estos trabajadores se puede aprender: cómo el sentido del trabajo se torna vacío; la sensación de enclaustramiento en algunas funciones; temores en relación a la seguridad y la representación social peyorativa de este trabajo. La atención en salud mental permitió la comprensión de vivencias antigénicas y la elaboración de los aspectos psicodinámicos movilizados por las exigencias institucionales. Asimismo, propició la movilización subjetiva para el enfrentamiento de las prácticas disciplinarias institucionales.

Um nefelômetro microcontrolado portátil e de baixo custo é proposto para a determinação de potássio em água de coco e bebidas energéticas. O nefelômetro foi construído utilizando dois LEDs (diodos emissores de luz) como fontes de radiação em 465 nm e 880 nm, dois fotodiodos como fotodetectores e um controlador de interface periférica (PIC) para aquisição e processamento dos dados. O nefelômetro foi utilizado para determinar íons potássio pelo monitoramento do precipitado formado na reação entre íons K+ e tetrafenilborato em meio básico na presença de álcool polivinílico. A curva analítica foi linear para potássio na faixa de concentração de 5,0×10"6 a 5,0×10"4 mol L"1, com um limite de detecção de 4,0×10"7 mol L"1. Um desvio padrão relativo de 0,2 % para uma solução de potássio 1,6×10"4 mol L"1 (n = 10) foi obtido. Respostas rápidas e confiáveis e baixo consumo de energia são outras características do nefelômetro proposto.

A low-cost portable microcontrolled nephelometer for the determination of potassium in coconut water and energy beverages is proposed. The nephelometer was constructed using two LEDs (light emitting diodes) as radiation sources at 465 nm and 880 nm, two photodiodes as photodetectors, and a peripheral interface controller (PIC) to acquisition and processing data of the nephelometer. The nephelometer was used to determine potassium ions by monitoring the precipitate formed from the reaction between K+ and tetraphenylborate anion in a basic medium in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. The analytical curve was linear in the potassium concentration range from 5.0×10"6 to 5.0×10"4 mol L"1, with a limit of detection of 4.0×10"7 mol L"1. A relative standard deviation of 0.2 % for 1.6 × 10"4 mol L"1 potassium solution (n = 10) was obtained. Fast and reliable responses, low power consumption are other attractive features of the proposed nephelometer.

O trabalho teve como objetivo gerar informações sobre a capacidade combinatória de linhagens de pimentão por meio da análise dialélica multivariada. Foram utilizadas 13 linhagens de pimentão previamente selecionadas com base na reação ao mosaico amarelo do pimentão, sendo oito linhagens com reação do tipo resistência e cinco com reação do tipo suscetibilidade, num dialelo 8 x 5, mais as linhagens parentais. Os 53 tratamentos foram avaliados em estufa em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo avaliadas a produção total e precoce de frutos, massa média de frutos e altura de plantas. A partir dessas quatro características foi realizada a análise dialélica univariada e multivariada. A análise dialélica multivariada apresentou resultados semelhantes às análises dialélicas univariadas, com predominância dos efeitos não-aditivos. Estimativas favoráveis para CGC ocorreram para as características produção total e precoce de frutos nas linhagens PIX-031D-188-14-10 e PIM- 013 nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. As linhagens PIX-031D-171-10-10, PIX-031D-188-14-05 e PIM-004 destacaram-se para massa média de frutos e altura de plantas. As estimativas de CEC variaram bastante para as características avaliadas. A utilização da análise dialélica multivariada é uma boa opção para escolha de genitores, pois considera vários caracteres simultaneamente.

The objective of this work was to obtain information on the combining ability of sweet pepper lines by multivariate diallel analysis. Thirteen sweet pepper lines previously selected based on the reaction of sweet pepper yellow mosaic, being eight lines with resistance reaction and five susceptible lines, were used in a 8x5 partial diallel evaluated with the parental lines. The 53 genotypes were evaluated in greenhouse trials in a randomized blocks design with four replications. The traits total fruit yield, early fruit yield, mean fruit mass and plant height were evaluated. From these four traits, a univariate and multivariate diallel analysis was performed. Multivariate diallel analysis results were similar to those from univariate diallel analyses, with a predominance of non-additive effects. Favorable estimates of the GCA occurred for total fruit yield and early fruit yield in PIX-031D-188-14-10 and PIM- 013 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The PIX-031D-171-10-10, PIX-031D-188-14-05 and PIM-004 lines were higher for mean fruit mass and plant height. The SCA estimates varied considerably for the evaluated features. Multivariate diallel analysis is a good option for parental choice, since it considers several characters simultaneously.

O marcador molecular SCAR 'Sw-421' é localizado a 1,0 cM do alelo Sw-5, proveniente de Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.), que confere resistência ao vira-çabeça em tomateiro. Contudo, o mesmo ainda não havia sido testado em populações avançadas de tomateiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi distinguir plantas resistentes homozigotas (Sw-5/Sw-5), resistentes heterozigotas (Sw-5/Sw-5+) e suscetíveis (Sw-5+/Sw-5+) pelo marcador SCAR 'Sw-421'. As amplificações de bandas de 940 pb e 900 pb caracterizaram os genótipos resistentes homozigotos e suscetíveis, respectivamente. Duas bandas (900 pb e 940 pb) foram observadas nos genótipos heterozigotos, confirmando a herança codominante do marcador. De 57 plantas das progênies isogênicas avaliadas 18 (31,6%) plantas foram caracterizadas como resistentes, 8 (14,0%) como heterozigotas e 31 (54,4%) plantas suscetíveis. O marcador molecular SCAR 'Sw-421' constitui importante ferramenta para seleção e piramidação de alelos de resistência, especialmente quando se utilizam outras fontes de resistência ao vira-cabeça, como por exemplo, a fonte Rey de los Tempranos.

The SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) 'Sw-421' molecular marker is located at 1.0 cM from the Sw-5 allele, originated from Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.), which confers resistance to the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). However, it had not been tested yet in advanced tomato populations. The goal of this study was to distinguish resistant homozygotes (Sw-5/Sw-5) and heterozygotes (Sw-5/Sw-5+) from susceptible (Sw-5+/Sw-5+) plants in crossing populations with the Stevens cultivar and advanced backcrossing populations by using 'Sw421' SCAR marker. The amplification of 940 bp and 900 bp bands characterized the resistant homozygotes and susceptible controls, respectively. A two band pattern (900 bp and 940 bp) was observed in heterozygote genotypes (Sw-5/Sw-5+), which confirmed the co-dominant inheritance mechanism of the marker. Fifty seven plants from the isogenic progenies were characterized based on bands pattern: 18 plants (31.6%) were identified as resistant homozygotes, 8 plants (14.0%) as resistant heterozygotes and 31 plants (54.4%) were characterized as susceptible. The SCAR 'Sw-421' marker is an important tool for selection and pyramid resistance alleles, mainly when other resistance sources to the TSWV are available, such as the Rey de los Tempranos source.

CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 22 casos de mediastinite que ocorreram após 1006 operações cardíacas com esternotomia, realizadas de 1993 a 1998, no Hospital Felício Rocho em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A complicação ocorreu em 3,2% dos coronariopatas, 3,1% dos transplantados, 1,1% dos valvares e não ocorreu em portadores de defeitos congênitos. RESULTADOS: O índice geral de mediastinite foi de 2,1%. O microorganismo mais comumente responsável pela infecção foi o Staphylococcus aureus (39,1%). Diversas modalidades terapêuticas para mediastinite foram utilizadas no período: drenagem simples, desbridamento e granulação, rotação de retalho de músculo peitoral e rotação do grande epíploon. CONCLUSÃO: A rotação do retalho de grande epíploon, introduzida no Serviço em 1995 para tratamento dos casos de mediastinite, proporcionou excelentes resultados, não ocorrendo óbitos pela complicação nos últimos 2,5 anos.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with mediastinitis were analyzed out of 1,006 cardiac surgeries with sternotomy performed in "Felício Rocho Hospital" in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, between 1993 and 1998. The complication occurred in 3.2% patients submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), 3.1% in transplantations, 1.1% in valve diseases and none in congenital corrections. RESULTS: The general infection rate was 2.1% and the identified was Staphylococcus aureus (39.1%). Different treatments performed during this period are presented: simple drainage, debridment and rotation of the pectoralis and omental flaps. CONCLUSION: The omental flap rotation started on the Service in 1995, considerably improved the results and mortality due to this complication has been eliminated the past 2.5 years.