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ABSTRACT This study aimed to calibrate and test the SARRA-H (Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques) crop model for cowpea, as well as conducting a climate risk zoning for this crop in a region located in Eastern Amazon, allowing the identification of locations and sowing dates that favor the production considering both the water deficit and the probability of occurrence of severe rains during the harvest period. The model was calibrated and validated with data from experiments conducted between 2013 and 2016 in the municipality of Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Low climate risk areas were defined as those that had a water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) greater than or equal to 0.5 in the reproductive phase combined with the occurrence of rainfall below 20 mm at the harvest for, at least, 80% of the years for which planting was simulated. The model was able to simulate the water balance, growth and development of cowpea under the climate and soil conditions of the studied location with high precision and accuracy. The optimal period for sowing cowpea comprises the interval between June 5th and 25th for regions located above 2° S and between March 25th and April 15th for regions below 2º S.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo calibrar e testar o modelo de cultura SARRA-H (Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques) para o caupi, bem como realizar o zoneamento de risco climático para esta cultura em uma região localizada na Amazônia Oriental, a fim de permitir a identificação de locais e datas de semeadura que favoreçam a produção considerando tanto o déficit hídrico como a probabilidade de ocorrência de chuvas severas durante o período da colheita. O modelo foi calibrado e validado com dados de experimentos realizados entre 2013 e 2016 no município de Castanhal, PA. As áreas de baixo risco climático foram definidas como aquelas que apresentaram índice de satisfação da necessidade hídrica (WRSI) maior ou igual a 0,5 na fase reprodutiva combinado com a ocorrência de chuvas abaixo de 20 mm na colheita por, pelo menos, 80% dos anos onde foi simulado o plantio. O modelo foi capaz de simular o balanço hídrico, crescimento e desenvolvimento do feijão-caupi nas condições climáticas e de solo da região estudada com boa precisão e exatidão. O período de ótima semeadura para o feijão-caupi compreende o intervalo entre 5 e 25 de junho para regiões localizadas acima de 2° S, e entre 25 de março e 15 de abril para regiões abaixo de 2º S.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n2e272180

Phenotypic plasticity in adults of Anticarsia gemmatalis exposed to sub-doses of Bt-based bioinsecticide
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Fernandes, F. O.

; Souza, T. D.

; Sanches, A. C.

; Carvalho, I. R.

; Dias, N. P.

; Desiderio, J. A.

; Polanczyk, R. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e256933

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female’s weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.256933

First report and biological characteristics of Heterorhabditis amazonensis in the state of Paraná, Brazil
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Guide, B. A.

; Andaló, V.

; Ferreira, D. G.

; Alves, V. S.

; Fernandes, T. A. P.

; Neves, P. M. O. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e262374

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEP) das famílias Heterorhabditidae e Steinernematidae são amplamente utilizados no controle de insetos-pragas. No Brasil, os estudos relacionados a caracterização e identificação destes entomopatógenos são recentes e escassos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar NEP de amostras de solos coletadas em diferentes áreas no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Um isolado Heterorhabditis (UEL 08) detectado em amostra de solo em área de pastagem cultivada com braquiária, localizada em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil (23º34´311´´S, 050º58´298´´W), utilizando o método de “inseto-isca” com lagartas de Galleria mellonella. Para a identificação foram realizados estudos de morfometria e identificação molecular a partir da amplificação da região ITS. Algumas diferenças foram encontradas em termos de morfometria em comparação com a descrição original, entretanto, os dados moleculares demonstraram que a sequência obtida para o isolado UEL 08 é idêntica à sequência de referência de H. amazonensis (DQ665222), com a qual apresentou 100% de similaridade. Os estudos das características biológicas de H. amazonensis (UEL 08) revelaram que o isolado tem dois ciclos de vida distintos, um curto (216 h) e outro longo (288 h), sendo que ocorrem duas gerações em ambos os ciclos. O isolado UEL 08 H. amazonensis foi patogénico e virulento sobre os três hospedeiros avaliados. Notadamente, as larvas de G. mellonella e Alphitobius diaperinus foram consideradas mais susceptíveis do que os adultos do percevejo Dichelops (Diacereus) melacanthus, com percentagens de mortalidade de 100%, 85% e 46% de mortalidade, respectivamente. O ensaio de produção in vivo revelou um rendimento médio diário de 3,4 × 103 juvenis infectantes/g de larva hospedeira.

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are extensively used to control insect pests. In Brazil, however, relatively few studies have identified and characterized these entomopathogens. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize an EPN isolate obtained from soil samples collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil. An isolate (UEL 08) of Heterorhabditis was detected in a soil sample collected from a pasture area cultivated with Brachiaria grass in Londrina, state of Paraná, Brazil (23°34ʹ311ʹʹS, 050°58ʹ298ʹʹW), using the insect-baiting technique with Galleria mellonella larvae as hosts. The nematode was identified through morphometric studies and molecular analyses based on amplification of the rDNA ITS region. Although we identified certain morphometric differences compared with the original description, the molecular data indicated that the ITS sequence obtained for the UEL 08 isolate is identical to the reference sequence of H. amazonensis (DQ665222) and presented 100% similarity. Thus, the findings of our morphological and molecular studies confirmed that the isolated nematode is H. amazonensis, which is the first time this species has been registered in Paraná. Study of the biological characteristics of H. amazonensis (UEL 08) revealed that the isolate has two distinct life cycles – one short (216 h) and the other long (288 h) – and produces two generations in both cycles. We observed that H. amazonensis (UEL 8) was pathogenic and virulent to the three evaluated hosts, although with different virulence against these hosts. The larvae of G. mellonella and Alphitobius diaperinus were more susceptible than adult Dichelops (Diacereus) melacanthus, with 100%, 85%, and 46% mortality, respectively. Furthermore, an in vivo production assay revealed a mean daily yield of 3.4 × 103 infective juveniles/g host larvae.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.262374

Noteworthy records of the ticks Ornithodoros rostratus and Amblyomma sculptum parasitizing Pteronura brasiliensis in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes
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Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes

; André, Marcos Rogério

; Hoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux

; Seron, Gustavo

; Bassini-Silva, Ricardo

; Calchi, Ana Claúdia

; Andrade, Lívia Oliveira

; Perin, Patrícia Parreira

; Martins, Thiago Fernandes

; Castro-Santiago, Ana Carolina

; Leuchtenberger, Caroline

; Almeida, Samara

; Foerster, Nathalie

; Furtado, Mariana

; de Castro Jacinavicius, Fernando

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2024, Volume 33 N. 1 elocation e014523

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Um macho de Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) foi encontrado morto às margens do Rio Negro, no Pantanal do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Aquidauana. Dois carrapatos encontrados aderidos à sua pele foram identificados, morfologicamente, como uma ninfa de segundo ínstar de Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) e um macho de Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). Para complementar a identificação morfológica, esses espécimes de carrapatos foram submetidos à extração de DNA e testados por meio de ensaios de PCR, para confirmar a identidade molecular dos espécimes. Além disso, os extraídos dos carrapatos foram testados e revelaram-se negativos nos ensaios de PCR para todos os patógenos testados. Também foram examinados 30 lotes, compostos por 174 indivíduos de O. rostratus, depositados na Coleção Acari do Instituto Butantan, e encontramos material de quatro estados brasileiros, incluindo-se um lote contendo 2 machos e 2 fêmeas de Aquidauana, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), coletado do solo. Este foi, portanto, o primeiro registro de O. rostratus parasitando P. brasiliensis e o primeiro registro de localidade (Aquidauana). Da mesma forma, A. sculptum é comumente encontrado no Pantanal e relatado aqui, pela segunda vez, parasitando a ariranha, hospedeiro pouco estudado em relação a ectoparasitas.

Abstract A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612024003

Economic indicators for cowpea cultivation under different irrigation depths
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Carvalho, Erika de O. T. de

; Costa, Deborah L. P.

; Luz, Denilson B. da

; Rua, Matheus L.

; Velame, Maria de L. A.

; Monteiro, Adrielle C.

; Vieira, Igor C. de O.

; Pinto, João V. de N.

; Fernandes, Gabriel S. T.

; Nunes, Hildo G. G. C.

; Souza, Paulo J. de O. P. de

; Santos, Marcos A. S. dos

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2023, Volume 27 N. 8 Pages 618 - 624

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Cowpeas are of high socioeconomic importance in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, whereby the search for alternatives that offer increased productivity with financial returns has become an important challenge. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate and evaluate the economic indicators of cowpea production in 2015 and 2016 when applying drip irrigation to different depths. Irrigation treatments were based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The experiment was laid in a randomized complete blocks design with four treatments (0, 25, 50, and 100% ETc) and six replications. For economic analysis, the results were extrapolated to an area of one hectare. Productivity in 2015 was lower than that in 2016; however, in all treatments, it was always higher when plants were grown under adequate water supply. In both years, the total operating costs were higher under irrigation than under rainfed conditions. The 100% ETc treatment resulted in a greater number of cowpea bags (60 kg) produced and a higher gross revenue than the rainfed treatment by 17 bags ha-1, equivalent to 1,020 kg ha-1 (gross revenue US$ 711.48) and 16 bags ha-1, equivalent to 960 kg ha-1 (gross revenue US$ 867.12), in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Water deficit limited cowpea yield in both years but made cultivation economically unfeasible only in 2015.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi apresenta grande importância socioeconômica nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, sendo que a busca por alternativas que ofereçam aumento de produtividade com retorno financeiro tem se tornado um importante desafio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar e avaliar os indicadores econômicos da produção de feijão-caupi nos anos de 2015 e 2016 quando da aplicação de irrigação por gotejamento em diferentes lâminas. Os tratamentos de irrigação foram baseados na evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). O experimento foi instalado em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (0, 25, 50 e 100% da ETc) e seis repetições. Para análise econômica, os resultados foram extrapolados para uma área de um hectare. A produtividade em 2015 foi inferior à de 2016; porém, em todos os tratamentos, a produtividade foi sempre maior quando as plantas foram cultivadas sob irrigação adequada. Em ambos os anos, os custos operacionais totais foram maiores sob irrigação do que sob condições de sequeiro. O tratamento 100% ETc resultou em maior número de sacas de feijão-caupi (60 kg) produzidas e receita bruta superior ao tratamento de sequeiro em 17 sacas ha-1, equivalente a 1.020 kg ha-1 (receita bruta US$ 711,48) e 16 sacas ha-1, equivalente a 960 kg ha-1 (receita bruta US$ 867,12), em 2015 e 2016, respectivamente. A deficiência hídrica limitou a produtividade do feijão-caupi nos dois anos, mas inviabilizou economicamente o cultivo apenas em 2015.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n8p618-624

Fitting Structure-Data Files (.SDF) Libraries to Progenesis QI Identification Searches
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Sanches, Pedro H. G.

; Oliveira, Danilo C. de

; Reis, Ivan G. M. dos

; Fernandes, Anna M. A. P.

; Silva, Alex A. R.

; Eberlin, Marcos N.

; Carvalho, Patrícia O.

; Duarte, Gustavo H. B.

; Porcari, Andreia M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2023, Volume 34 N. 7 Pages 1013 - 1019

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Progenesis QI (PQI) is a multiplatform bioinformatics tool that facilitates the identification workflow for metabolomics experiments. PQI uses fragmentation data provided by MassBank of North America (MoNA) libraries, among others, for metabolite annotation. However, PQI does not officially support MoNA libraries and other libraries based on structure-data files (.sdf). This paper describes the development and application of a software named MoNA to Progenesis QI Library Converter, allowing PQI and MoNA by correcting the fragmentation data of the library for Progenesis readability. We evaluated several public experimental datasets, including human plasma, plant extracts, cultured cells, bacteria, rat serum, and rat hippocampus. The results showed that it is mandatory to proceed with file conversion of each library to allow PQI to access fragmentation information from .msp (main spectra profile) files. This step is highly recommended to improve the identification level of the metabolites.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230016

Baru Seed Extracted Oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.): Chemical Composition and Thermal and Oxidative Stability
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Paulo, Linamarys A. O.

; Fernandes, Raquel N.

; Gandra, Kelly M. B.

; Minim, Valéria P. R.

; Minim, Luis A.

; Grimaldi, Renato

; Vidigal, Márcia C. T. R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2023, Volume 34 N. 5 Pages 664 - 672

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Baru seeds are commonly found in the Brazilian savanna and present potential to be used by the food industry due to their high content of fat. In this sense, this study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties, and chemical composition of baru seed oil. The thermal and oxidative stability, as well as the interfacial properties of the oil were also evaluated. The free fatty acid, peroxide, moisture, density, viscosity and the refractive index of the oil extracted from baru seeds were 0.08% oleic acid, 6.69 meq O2 kg–1 of oil, 0.03%, 0.92 g cm–3, 32.9 mPa s and 1.47, respectively. Since linoleic acid (L), oleic acid (O), palmitic acid (P) and linolenic acid (Ln) are the main fatty acids present in the oil, the most common predominant triacylglycerols in the oil are POO, POL, OOO, OOL, OLL and LLL. The oil extracted from baru seeds presented good thermal and oxidative stability. Moreover, the oil contains high contents of total phenolics and carotenoids. The reduction of oil-water dynamic interfacial tension was promoted by the presence of small molecules. Therefore, the oil extracted from baru seeds presents promising properties for processing in the food industry.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220136

Use of hydrogen peroxide in acclimatization of melon to salinity of irrigation water
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Pereira, Francisco H. F.

; Santos, Gisele L. dos

; Lacerda, Francisco H. D. de

; Sousa, Diogenes D. A. de

; Sousa, Valéria F. de O.

; Fernandes, Joyce E. de M.

; Silva, Silvana F. da

; Barboza, Jonathan B.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2023, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 51 - 56

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO No semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro as condições edafoclimáticas podem favorecer riscos de salinização do solo, principalmente quando se utiliza água de má qualidade para irrigação. Nesse contexto, técnicas que possibilitem melhorias nos rendimentos da cultura do melão em condições adversas, como a salinidade, são, portanto, de grande relevância para o setor produtivo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na aclimatação do meloeiro submetido a diferentes níveis salinos na água de irrigação. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,3 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 5, 10 e 15 µmol L-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro. No entanto, o H2O2, na concentração de 6,35 µmol L-1 proporcionou melhorias na fisiologia, crescimento e produção, além de reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino na produção de melão.

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, soil and climate conditions can increase the risk of soil salinization, particularly when poor-quality water is used for irrigation. Therefore, techniques that improve the yields of melon culture under adverse conditions, such as salinity, are of great relevance to the production sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acclimatizing melon trees subjected to irrigation water with different salinity levels. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two electrical conductivities (0.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L-1). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and four plants per plot. Increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth, gas exchange, and production of melon plants. However, H2O2, at a concentration of 6.35 µmol L-1, yielded improvements in physiology, growth, and production, in addition to reducing the deleterious effects of saline stress on melon production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p51-56

Bioprospecting the Cerrado’s Aromatic Flora: Chemical and Biological Studies of Three Essential Oils
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Rodrigues, Gardênia Barbosa Carrijo

; Fernandes, Cassia Cristina

; Marcionilio, Suzana Maria Loures de Oliveira

; Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes

; Pedroso, Reginaldo dos Santos

; Santiago, Mariana Brentini

; Oliveira, Thaís Aparecida Santos

; Costa, Maria Paula Previdente

; Crotti, Antônio Eduardo Miller

; Miranda, Mayker Lazaro Dantas

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volume 66 elocation e23220034

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chemical and pharmacological potentials of botanical species found in the Cerrado are well-known and widely studied. Chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by plants that belong to this Brazilian biome has triggered several studies in the fields of farming, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from fresh leaves of three species found in the Brazilian Cerrado: Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schltdl. (EO-CC), Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (EO-CA) and Protium ovatum Engl. (EO-PO) and at determining their anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory activities. Both GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the most abundant chemical class of the oils was the one of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The major constituents identified in EO-CC were germacrene D (34.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (26.8%). EO-CA exhibited mainly germacrene D (21.7%) while EO-PO had high concentrations of germacrene D (25.0%) and γ-muurolene (18.6%). EOs were tested by the broth microdilution method on 96-well microplates and exhibited satisfactory activity against M. furfur, i. e., EO-CA had MIC = 375 µg/mL while EO-CC and EO-PO had MIC = 750 µg/mL. The chemotaxis model, which was used for evaluating their anti-inflammatory activity, showed that EOs exhibited effective results: C. calophyllum (EO-CC; IC50 = 24.4 µg/mL), C. adamantium (EO-CA; IC50 = 15.7 µg/mL) and P. ovatum (EO-PO; IC50 = 32.5 µg/mL). In short, biological activities of EO-CC, EO-CA and EO-PO, such as anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory ones, were investigated and described for the first time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220034

10.

The Potentialities of Raman and XPS Techniques to Evaluate the Corrosion Products Formed on the 2198-T851 Aluminium Alloy Exposed to Sodium Chloride Solution
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Ferreira, M. O. A.

; Nascimento, J. P. L.

; Leite, N. B.

; Siervo, A. de

; Fernandes, G. L.

; Vaz, A. R.

; Gelamo, R. V.

; Aoki, I. V.

; Moreto, J. A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20220453

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aerospace industry is constantly looking for innovative materials that exhibit good mechanical and corrosion properties. The 2198-T851 (Al-Cu-Li) alloy was developed to replace the conventional Al-Cu-Mg in aircraft structures. Despite the usefulness of the 2198-T851 alloy, its performance may be affected when subjected to an aggressive medium containing chloride ions. The deposition of Nb2O5 coatings by using the reactive sputtering technique on the 2198-T851 alloy surface appears as a powerful tool to improve the corrosion resistance of this material. Recently, groundbreaking research findings have demonstrated the positive effect of Nb2O5 coatings on corrosion protection of alloy 2198-T851. However, the corrosion products originated from the 2198-T851 aluminium alloy are poorly understood. The use of Raman spectroscopy and XPS techniques may help to shed some light on the corrosion products of 2198-T851 alloy. Results demonstrated the corrosion products are mainly composed by CuCl2 x H2O, CuCl, Cu2Cl(OH)3, Al(OH)3, and AlO(OH).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0453

11.

Effects of previous infestation with Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 on the resistance to Chrysodeixis includens in Bt and non-Bt soybean plants
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Costa, E. N.

; Fernandes, M. G.

; Reis, L. C.

; Foresti, A. C.

; Martins, L. O.

; Scalon, S. P. Q.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e277899

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Transgenic Bt soybean plants have been developed to control insect pests, such as Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens. This objective has been achieved successfully; however, recently, some authors claimed that Bt soybean plants have been more susceptible than non-Bt soybean to Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. In addition, it is unknown whether Bt soybean plants infested by B. tabaci become less resistant to target pests. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate: (i) whether the previous infestation with B. tabaci can compromise Bt and non-Bt soybean resistance to C. includens; (ii) the effects of B. tabaci infestations on Bt and non-Bt soybean plant growth; and (iii) whether B. tabaci feeding reduces contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids of soybean plants. Bt and non-Bt soybean plants pre-infested with B. tabaci showed no changes in resistance to C. includens. Bt soybean plants infested with B. tabaci showed a lower plant height than uninfested plants. Differently, non-Bt soybean plants exhibited no reduction in plant growth due to B. tabaci feeding. Bt soybean plants suffered a reduction in dry matter only under double infestation (B. tabaci and C. includens), while non-Bt soybean plants experienced reduction in dry matter when infested with B. tabaci and C. includens or by C. includens only. B. tabaci feeding did not alter contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and perhaps the reduction in plant growth was related to salivary toxins. Concluding, both Bt and non-Bt soybean plants were susceptible to B. tabaci feeding, evidencing necessity of developing soybean cultivars resistant to B. tabaci.

Resumo A soja Bt (transgênica) foi desenvolvida para controlar insetos-praga como Anticarsia gemmatalis e Chrysodeixis includens. Este objetivo foi alcançado com sucesso; no entanto, recentemente, alguns autores afirmaram que as plantas de soja Bt têm sido mais suscetíveis do que a soja não-Bt a Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Além disso, não se sabe se plantas de soja Bt infestadas por B. tabaci tornam-se menos resistentes às pragas-alvo. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar: (i) se a infestação prévia de B. tabaci pode comprometer a resistência da soja Bt e não Bt a C. includens; (ii) os efeitos de infestações de B. tabaci no crescimento de plantas de soja Bt e não Bt; e (iii) se a alimentação de B. tabaci reduz os teores de clorofila e carotenoides das plantas de soja. Plantas de soja Bt e não Bt pré-infestadas com B. tabaci não apresentaram alterações na resistência a C. includens. Plantas de soja Bt infestadas com B. tabaci apresentaram menor altura de planta do que plantas não infestadas. Diferentemente, as plantas de soja não-Bt não apresentaram redução no crescimento das plantas devido à alimentação de B. tabaci. Plantas de soja Bt sofreram redução de matéria seca apenas sob infestação dupla (B. tabaci e C. includens), enquanto plantas de soja não Bt apresentaram redução de matéria seca quando infestadas por B. tabaci e C. includens ou apenas por C. includens. A alimentação de B. tabaci não alterou os teores de clorofila e carotenoides, e talvez a redução no crescimento da planta esteja relacionada a toxinas salivares. Concluindo, tanto as plantas de soja Bt quanto as não-Bt foram suscetíveis à alimentação de B. tabaci, evidenciando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja resistentes a B. tabaci.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.277899

12.

Comet assay to evaluate chromosomal changes in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) contaminated by lead in a city in Bahia
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Braga-Neto, J. T.

; Tozetto, S. O.

; Oliveira, F. S.

; Conceição, T. A.

; Santos, W. P. C.

; Fernandes, M. S.

; Baliza, M. D.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274806

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is one of the primary sources of animal protein for the Brazilian population. Thus, the safety of this food is highly relevant. This study was based on the evidence of severe contamination of these animals by metals such as lead in Santo Amaro, Bahia. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate associations between lead levels in blood of chicken exposed to a contaminated area with the occurrence of chromosomal alterations, evidencing genotoxic effects. Serum lead analysis was performed by GF-AAS after dilution with a matrix modifier solution (Triton X-100 0.2% v/v and HNO3 0.1% v/v), while chromosomal damage was evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed genotoxic effects (positive comet assay) only for the specimen sample with higher serum lead concentrations (33.9 µg dL-1), suggesting the occurrence of toxic effects at this level of exposure. This work evaluated a relationship between the reduction of serum lead levels in chicken and increased distance from the primary polluting source - a lead processing plant (COBRAC). It also showed that lead is bioavailable in this territory, contaminating chicken and causing genotoxic effects in these animals, further expanding the concern with the local biota and the health of the residents of Santo Amaro.

Resumo O frango (Gallus gallus domesticus) é uma das principais fontes de proteína animal para população brasileira, sendo que a segurança deste alimento é extremamente relevante. Assim, evidências de severa contaminação dessas aves, por metais como chumbo no município de Santo Amaro - BA, estimularam a realização deste estudo. O objetivo deste estudo exploratório foi avaliar associações entre os níveis de chumbo no sangue de frangos expostos a área contaminada com a ocorrência de alterações cromossômicas, evidenciando efeitos genotóxicos. As análises de chumbo sérico foram realizadas por GF-AAS após diluição em uma solução modificadora de matriz (Triton X-100 0,2% v/v e HNO3 0,1% v/v), enquanto os danos cromossômicos foram avaliados empregando o teste cometa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram efeitos genotóxicos (teste cometa positivo) apenas para amostra do espécime que apresentou concentrações séricas de chumbo mais elevadas (33.9 µg dL-1), sugerindo a ocorrência de efeitos tóxicos neste nível de exposição. Neste trabalho foi possível avaliar claramente uma relação entre a redução dos níveis séricos de chumbo no frango com o aumento da distância da principal fonte poluidora - uma fábrica de processamento de chumbo (COBRAC). O presente estudo evidenciou que neste território o chumbo está biodisponível, contaminando aves de criação e acarretando em efeitos genotóxicos nestes animais, ampliando ainda mais a preocupação com a biota local e com a saúde dos moradores de Santo Amaro.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274806

13.

Induced reproduction of yellow-tailed lambari (Astyanax lacustris) with Ovopel® and buserelin acetate as alternatives to the protocol with carp pituitary extract
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Brasileiro, L. O.

; Povh, J. A.

; Spica, L. N.

; Silva, T. V.

; Stringhetta, G. R.

; Teodoro, G. C.

; Sousa, R. M.

; Fernandes, C. E.

; Campos, C. M.

; Kasai, R. Y. D.

; Teixeira, S. A.

; Côrrea-Filho, R. A. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275678

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females (12.54 g ± 2.33 and 7.66 cm ± 0.63 cm) and 240 males (5.83 g ± 0.39 g and 6.14 cm ± 0.64 cm), all at reproductive age. Three different inducers were evaluated: (i) 0.4 pellets of Ovopel®/kg of body weight; (ii) 0.5 ml of buserelin acetate/kg of body weight; and (iii) carp pituitary extract (CPE) (5.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for females and 2.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for males), as well as saline solution (without hormone). The degree-hours for spawning were greater (P<0.05) for the Ovopel® treatment (with 204.93) than in the treatment with CPE (183.2). Ovary weight and gonadosomatic index were higher (P<0.05) in CPE and Ovopel® treatments when compared to buserelin acetate. The number of oocytes per female, absolute and relative fecundity were greater (P<0.05) for Ovopel® and CPE treatments. Fertilization rate was higher (P<0.05) in treatment with buserelin acetate (82.3%) in relation to Ovopel® (72.33%) and CPE (62.40%) treatments, and the highest (P<0.05) hatching rates were achieved with buserelin acetate and Ovopel®. The number of larvae per female body weight was greater (P<0.05) when Ovopel® was used. In conclusion, Ovopel® proves to be a more effective reproductive inducer for induced reproduction of A. lacustris when compared to CPE and buserelin acetate.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características reprodutivas em adultos de Astyanax lacustris submetidos a diferentes indutores da desova. Foram utilizadas 240 fêmeas (12,54 g ± 2,33 e 7,66 cm ± 0,63 cm) e 240 machos (5,83 g ± 0,39 g e 6,14 cm ± 0,64 cm), todos em idade reprodutiva. Três diferentes indutores foram avaliados: (i) 0,4 pellets de Ovopel®/kg de peso corporal; (ii) 0,5 ml de acetato de buserelina/kg de peso corporal; e (iii) Extrato de Pituitária de Carpa (CPE) (5,5 mg CPE/kg de peso corporal para fêmeas e 2,5 mg de CPE/kg de peso corporal para machos) e solução salina (sem hormônio). Horas-grau para desova foi maior (P<0,05) no tratamento com Ovopel® (204,93) do que no tratamento com CPE (183,2). O peso das gônadas e o índice gonadossomático foram maiores (P<0,05) nos tratamentos com CPE e Ovopel® quando comparados ao acetato de buserelina. O número de oócitos por fêmea, a fecundidade absoluta e relativa foram maiores (P<0,05) para os tratamentos com Ovopel® e CPE. A taxa de fertilização foi maior (P<0,05) no tratamento com acetato de buserelina (82,3%) em relação aos tratamentos com Ovopel® (72,33%) e CPE (62,40%); e maior (P<0,05) taxa de eclosão foi obtida nos tratamentos com acetato de buserelina e Ovopel®. O número de larvas por peso corporal da fêmea foi maior (P<0,05) quando utilizado Ovopel®. Conclui-se que Ovopel® é um indutor reprodutivo mais eficaz para a reprodução induzida de A. lacustris quando comparado ao CPE e ao acetato de buserelina.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275678

14.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

15.

Reaching Circular Economy through Circular Chemistry: The Basis for Sustainable Development
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Guarieiro, Lilian L. N.

; Rezende, Michelle J. C.

; Barbosa, Willams T.

; Rocha, Gisele O. da

; Pereira, Pedro Afonso P.

; Fernandes, Daniella R.

; Lopes, Wilson A.

; Mota, Claudio J. A.

; Andrade, Jailson B. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2022, Volume 33 N. 12 Pages 1353 - 1374

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Circular chemistry (CC) is an approach for establishing chemical processes to become truly circular and sustainable. It adopts the principles of circular economy (CE), employing life cycle approaches and systems thinking, which help to understand and address the sustainability issues of chemical processes and products. Within this whole context, it is possible to identify some problems of the current lifestyle, such as plastic waste disposal, CO2 emission, e-waste, among others, which need to be addressed accordingly. The reuse provided, well-structured within the context of circular chemistry, can bring benefits in all spheres: social, environmental and economic. Thus, the purpose of this revision is to present CE and CC as the pillars for a sustainable development, bringing discussions about: CE and CC systems; sustainable chemistry; and chemistry 4.0, which embeds digitization, sustainability, and circular economy in industrial chemical processes. Through the knowledge of chemistry, both CC and CE can contribute with innovative methods and processes which maximize benefits, eliminating, or, at least, reducing adverse impacts, thus contributing to construct a mutually beneficial relationship between science and society, its surroundings, and the environment. Therefore, implementing this new model is an opportunity that challenges the human imagination in building a better world.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220119

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