RESUMO Sementes mantidas dentro de frutos carnosos, após a colheita, podem continuar metabolicamente ativas, sem interromper o processo de maturação, o que pode promover aumento das taxas de germinação e do vigor. Também, durante a maturação e o repouso pós-colheita dos frutos, podem ocorrer alterações nos mecanismos de proteção contra danos oxidativos, incluindo a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e a atividade de enzimas do sistema de defesa antioxidativo em sementes de pimentas Capsicum chinense Jacq. representada pela pimenta Biquinho e Capsicum frutescens L representada pela Malagueta, de frutos colhidos em diferentes estádios de maturação e submetidos ao repouso pós-colheita. Frutos colhidos aos 40, 55 e 70 dias após antese (DAA) foram armazenados em câmara, a 25 °C, por 0, 6, 12 e 18 dias. As sementes extraídas dos frutos foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e de envelhecimento acelerado. Também, foram determinadas as atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase. Para ambas as espécies, sementes de frutos colhidos aos 70 DAA, com coloração vermelha, apresentaram taxas de germinação e vigor superiores aos daquelas de colheitas anteriores, aos 40 e 55 DAA. A colheita neste estádio é recomendada para obtenção de sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica. O repouso dos frutos de pimenta Biquinho colhidos aos 55 DAA contribui para aumentar o potencial de germinação das sementes, enquanto, para os de pimenta Malagueta esse procedimento é pouco benéfico. A enzima catalase tem grande potencial para o monitoramento da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pimentas Malagueta e Biquinho; a baixa atividade dessa enzima em sementes oriundas de frutos em repouso está relacionada com sua maior qualidade fisiológica.

ABSTRACT Seeds held inside fleshy fruits after harvest can continue metabolically active, the process of maturation is not interrupted, which can promote the increase on germination and vigour. Also, during maturation and fruit after-ripening period, changes in the mechanisms of protection against oxidative damage can occur, including the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of antioxidant defense system of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Represented by the Biquinho pepper and Capsicum frutescens L. represented by the Malagueta pepper seeds, collected from fruits at different developmental stages and subjected to post-harvest storage. Fruits harvested at 40, 55 and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) were stored at 25 °C, for 0, 6, 12 and 18 days. Seeds were evaluated for germination and accelerated aging tests. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were determined. For both species, seed from fruits collected at 70 DAA, presenting red colour, have higher germination and vigour compared to the seeds harvested at 40 and 55 DAA. The harvest of the fruits on this stage is recommended for obtain high quality seeds. The after-ripening of Biquinho pepper seeds harvested at 55 DAA contribute to increase the germination potential of the seed, while for Malagueta seeds this procedure has little benefit. The catalase enzyme has great potential to monitor the physiological quality of Biquinho and Malagueta pepper seeds; low activity of this enzyme in seeds during the fruits after-ripening is related to better physiological quality.

ABSTRACT Carnivorous plant species, such as Utricularia spp., capture and digest prey. This digestion can occur through the secretion of plant digestive enzymes and/or by bacterial digestive enzymes. To comprehend the physiological mechanisms of carnivorous plants, it is essential to understand the microbial diversity related to these plants. Therefore, in the present study, we isolated and classified bacteria from different organs of Utricularia breviscapa (stolons and utricles) and from different geographic locations (São Paulo and Mato Grosso). We were able to build the first bacterium collection for U. breviscapa and study the diversity of cultivable bacteria. The results show that U. breviscapa bacterial diversity varied according to the geographic isolation site (São Paulo and Mato Grosso) but not the analyzed organs (utricle and stolon). We reported that six genera were common to both sample sites (São Paulo and Mato Grosso). These genera have previously been reported to be beneficial to plants, as well as related to the bioremediation process, showing that these isolates present great biotechnological and agricultural potential. This is the first report of an Acidobacteria isolated from U. breviscapa. The role of these bacteria inside the plant must be further investigated in order to understand their population dynamics within the host.

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:The mosquito Aedes aegypti has evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. The present study evaluated Ae. aegypti from Goiânia for the resistant phenotype and for mutations associated with resistance.METHODS:Insecticide dose-response bioassays were conducted on mosquitoes descended from field-collected eggs, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype 90 individuals at sites implicated in pyrethroid resistance.RESULTS:All mosquito populations displayed high levels of resistance to deltamethrin, as well as high frequencies of the 1016Ile kdr and 1534Cys kdrmutations.CONCLUSIONS:Aedes aegypti populations in the Goiânia area are highly resistant to deltamethrin, presumably due to high frequencies of kdr(knockdown-resistance) mutations.

Os componentes da cachaça classificados como secundários constituem um grupo de produtos minoritários oriundos do processo de fermentação. Esses, especialmente os ésteres e aldeídos, são responsáveis pelo aroma e sabor dos destilados em geral, porém, quando se encontram acima dos limites estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), podem comprometer a qualidade da cachaça e ser prejudicial à saúde. Com o intuito de avaliar os compostos secundários de aguardentes provenientes de várias localidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, foram coletadas 45 amostras aleatoriamente e conduzidas ao Laboratório de Análise Físico-Química de Aguardente (LAFQA) da UFLA, no período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2001. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que há diferenças altamente significativas entre as amostras analisadas para acidez volátil, ésteres, aldeídos e álcoois superiores. De todas as amostras analisadas, sete apresentaram excesso de álcoois superiores, duas de aldeídos e três de acidez volátil; portanto, 24,44% das aguardentes encontravam-se fora dos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pelo MAPA (1997).

The Brazilian sugar-cane spirit chemical compounds classified like secondary compounds are one group of Brazilian sugar-cane spirit minor compounds formed during the fermentation process. That compounds are important for the taste and flavor of spirits in general, mainly esters and aldehydes. However, that compounds are above the standard quality established by Agriculture Ministry (MAPA), they can affect the Brazilian sugar-cane spirit quality and be harmful to the health. Aiming to evaluate the sugar-cane spirit secondary compounds from diverse sites at Minas Gerais State, 45 samples were randomized sampled and taken to the Brazilian Sugar-Cane Spirit Analysis Laboratory of UFLA during the period of August of 2000 to July of 2001. The results showed that there were high and significant statistical difference between the samples analyzed regarding higher alcohol, esters, aldehydes and volatile organic acids. Among 45 Brazilian sugar-cane spirits analyzed, 7 showed excess of higher alcohol, 2 showed excess of aldehydes and 3 showed excess of organic acids, therefore 24,4% of Brazilian sugar-cane spirits analyzed were out of the standard quality established by MAPA (1997).