Biodiversity conservation is a complex and transdisciplinary problem that requires engagement and cooperation among scientific, societal, economic, and political institutions. However, historical approaches have often failed to bring together and address the needs of all relevant stakeholders in decision‐making processes. The Tropical Andes, a biodiversity hotspot where conservation efforts often conflict with socioeconomic issues and policies that prioritize economic development, provides an ideal model to develop and implement more effective approaches. In this study, we present a co‐design approach that mainstreams and improves the flow of biodiversity information in the Tropical Andes, while creating tailored outputs that meet the needs of economic and societal stakeholders. We employed a consultative process that brought together biodiversity information users and producers at the local, national, and regional levels through a combination of surveys and workshops. This approach identified priority needs and limitations of the flow of biodiversity information in the region, which led to the co‐design of user‐relevant biodiversity indicators. By leveraging the existing capacities of biodiversity information users and producers, we were able to co‐design multiple biodiversity indicators and prioritize two for full implementation ensuring that the data was findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable based on the FAIR principles. This approach helped address limitations that were identified in the stakeholder engagement process, including gaps in data availability and the need for more accessible biodiversity information. Additionally, capacity‐building workshops were incorporated for all producers of biodiversity information involved, which aimed to not only improve the current flow of biodiversity information in the region but also facilitate its future sustainability. Our approach can serve as a valuable blueprint for mainstreaming biodiversity information and making it more inclusive in the future, especially considering the diverse worldviews, values, and knowledge systems between science, policy, and practice.

La conservación de la biodiversidad es un problema complejo y transdisciplinario que requiere el compromiso y la cooperación entre instituciones científicas, sociales, económicas y políticas. Sin embargo, los enfoques tradicionales/convencionales  a menudo no logran  reunir y abordar las necesidades de todos los actores relevantes en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los Andes tropicales, un área clave  de biodiversidad donde los esfuerzos de conservación a menudo entran en conflicto con cuestiones socioeconómicas y políticas que priorizan el desarrollo económico, proporcionan un modelo ideal para desarrollar e implementar enfoques más efectivos. En este estudio, presentamos un enfoque co-diseño que integra y mejora el flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en los Andes tropicales, creando resultados personalizados que satisfacen las necesidades, tanto económicas como sociales, de las partes interesadas. Empleamos un proceso de consulta que reunió a usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad a nivel local, nacional y regional, a través de encuestas y talleres. Este enfoque ha permitido identificar necesidades prioritarias y limitaciones del flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en la región; lo cual llevó al codiseño de indicadores de biodiversidad relevantes para los usuarios. Aprovechando las capacidades existentes de los usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad, pudimos co-diseñar múltiples indicadores de biodiversidad y priorizar dos de estos para su implementación completa, asegurando que los datos sean localizables, accesibles, interoperables y reutilizables, según los principios FAIR. Este enfoque ayudó a abordar las limitaciones que se identificaron en el proceso de participación de las partes interesadas; incluidas las brechas en la disponibilidad de datos y la necesidad de información sobre biodiversidad más accesible. Además, se incorporaron talleres de desarrollo de capacidades para todos los productores de información sobre biodiversidad involucrados, los cuales apuntaron no sólo a mejorar el flujo actual de información sobre biodiversidad en la región, sino también facilitar su sostenibilidad futura. Nuestro enfoque puede servir como un modelo valioso para incorporar la información sobre biodiversidad y hacerla más inclusiva en el futuro; especialmente si consideramos las diversas perspectivas globales, valores y sistemas de conocimiento implicados en las interacciones entre  la ciencia, la política y su aplicación práctica.

A conservação da biodiversidade é um problema complexo e transdisciplinar que requer compromisso e cooperação entre instituições científicas, sociais, económicas e políticas. No entanto, as abordagens tradicionais/convencionais muitas vezes não conseguem reunir e responder às necessidades de todos os intervenientes relevantes nos processos de tomada de decisão. Os Andes tropicais, uma área chave para a biodiversidade onde os esforços de conservação entram frequentemente em conflito com questões socioeconómicas e políticas que dão prioridade ao desenvolvimento económico, fornecem um modelo ideal para desenvolver e implementar abordagens mais eficazes. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma abordagem de co-design que integra e melhora o fluxo de informações sobre biodiversidade nos Andes tropicais, criando resultados personalizados que atendem às necessidades, tanto econômicas quanto sociais, das partes interessadas. Empregamos um processo de consulta que reuniu usuários e produtores de informações sobre biodiversidade nos níveis local, nacional e regional, por meio de pesquisas e workshops. Esta abordagem permitiu identificar necessidades prioritárias e limitações do fluxo de informação sobre a biodiversidade na região; o que levou à concepção conjunta de indicadores de biodiversidade relevantes para os utilizadores. Aproveitando as capacidades existentes dos utilizadores e produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade, fomos capazes de conceber em conjunto vários indicadores de biodiversidade e priorizar dois deles para implementação total, garantindo que os dados sejam localizáveis, acessíveis, interoperáveis ​​e reutilizáveis, de acordo com os princípios FAIR. Esta abordagem ajudou a resolver as limitações identificadas no processo de envolvimento das partes interessadas; incluindo lacunas na disponibilidade de dados e a necessidade de informações mais acessíveis sobre biodiversidade. Além disso, foram incorporados workshops de capacitação para todos os produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade envolvidos, que visaram não só melhorar o fluxo actual de informação sobre biodiversidade na região, mas também facilitar a sua sustentabilidade futura. A nossa abordagem pode servir como um modelo valioso para incorporar informações sobre biodiversidade e torná-las mais inclusivas no futuro; especialmente se considerarmos as diversas perspectivas globais, valores e sistemas de conhecimento envolvidos nas interações entre ciência, política e sua aplicação prática.

Abstract Trehalose is a type of carbohydrate that protects against different types of stress and is also used as a source of carbon storage in prokaryotes. There are four different ways of synthesizing trehalose in Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans and two in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, but its purpose remains unknown. This study aimed to measure the production of trehalose under different conditions by quantifying it in three culture media at two different temperatures. The growth kinetics of both species were also assessed, and the trehalose concentration was analysed during the early stationary phase using an enzymatic method. The results showed that the modified 9K medium with ferrous iron at 28°C had the highest production of trehalose, with A. ferrivorans CF27 having a higher production of 0.34 µmol/mg protein compared to A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 at 0.31 µmol/mg protein. When using CuS, the production of trehalose was lower, with 0.02 and 0.03 µmol/mg protein for A. ferrivorans CF27 and A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, respectively, while no trehalose was detected in the presence of zinc. At 15°C, the enzymatic method did not detect any trehalose in all three culture media, this would indicate that this carbohydrate does not protect against low temperatures in either species.

Resumen La trehalosa es un tipo de carbohidrato, que en procariotas protege contra diferentes tipos de estrés y también se utiliza como fuente de almacenamiento de carbono. Hay cuatro formas diferentes de sintetizar trehalosa en Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans y dos en Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, pero su propósito sigue siendo desconocido. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir la producción de trehalosa en diferentes condiciones mediante su cuantificación en tres medios de cultivo a dos temperaturas diferentes. También se evaluó la cinética de crecimiento de ambas especies y se analizó la concentración de trehalosa durante la fase estacionaria temprana mediante un método enzimático. Los resultados mostraron que el medio 9K modificado con hierro ferroso a 28 °C tuvo la mayor producción de trehalosa, con A. ferrivorans CF27 con una mayor producción de 0.34 µmol/mg de proteína en comparación con A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 a 0.31 µmol/mg de proteína. Al utilizar CuS, la producción de trehalosa fue menor, con 0.02 y 0.03 µmol/mg de proteína para A. ferrivorans CF27 y A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, respectivamente, mientras que en presencia de zinc no se detectó trehalosa. A 15°C, el método enzimático no detectó trehalosa en los tres medios de cultivo, lo que indicaria que este carbohidrato no protege contra las bajas temperaturas en ninguna de las especies.

Abstract This paper presents the updated list of amphibians and reptiles of Ica. Species are commented, accompanied by distribution maps and identification keys for reptiles and amphibians. Information was collected from scientific collections, scientific articles, governmental wildlife agency reports, and specialized taxonomic database. Additionally, between 2019 and 2020, field surveys were carried out in areas with information gaps. A total of 22 species were found (amphibians 3 and reptiles 19). The new records of reptiles include the Liolaemus evaristoi lizard and the Incaspis tachymenoides snake from Chincha province at 4200 and 3200 m altitude respectively, the Stenocercus ornatissimus lizard and the blind snake Epictia tesselata from Pisco province at 3500 and 2800 m respectively. New amphibian records include Pleurodema marmoratum in Chincha province (3900 m) and Telmatobius rimac in Chincha and Palpa provinces at 3900 and 2350 m respectively. The greatest richness and local endemism were found in the coastal desert, while the expansion of distribution and regional endemism were recorded on the western slope of the Andes. Also, it is observed that the families Leptotyphlopidae and Viperidae, and the genera Dicrodon, Stenocercus and Oxyrophus are finishing their distribution in the western slope and the coastal zone of the departments of Ica and Arequipa without representatives in the extreme south of Peru and Chile.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el listado actualizado de anfibios y reptiles de Ica. Las especies son comentadas, acompañadas de mapas de distribución y claves de identificación para reptiles y anfibios. Se recopiló información de registros en colecciones científicas, artículos científicos, informes de agencias gubernamentales de vida silvestre y bases de datos taxonómicas especializadas. Adicionalmente, entre los años 2019 y 2020 se realizaron evaluaciones de campo en zonas con vacíos de información. Se encontraron un total de 22 especies (anfibios 3 y reptiles 19). Los nuevos registros de reptiles para Ica incluyen la lagartija Liolaemus evaristoi y la serpiente Incaspis tachymenoides en la provincia de Chincha a 4200 y 3200 m de altitud respectivamente, la lagartija Stenocercus ornatissimus y la serpiente ciega Epictia tesselata en la provincia de Pisco a 3500 y 2800 m respectivamente. Los nuevos registros de anfibios incluyen a Pleurodema marmoratum en la provincia de Chincha (3900 m) y Telmatobius rimac en las provincias de Chincha y Palpa a 3900 y 2350 m respectivamente. La mayor riqueza y endemismos locales se encontraron en el desierto costero, mientras que, las ampliaciones de distribución y endemismos regionales se registraron en la vertiente occidental de los Andes. También, se observa que las familias Leptotyphlopidae y Viperidae, y los géneros Dicrodon, Stenocercus y Oxyrophus terminan su distribución en la vertiente occidental y la zona costera de los departamentos de Ica y Arequipa sin representantes en el extremo sur del Perú y Chile.

Aim The aim of the present study is to assess the perception of undergraduate students on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian dental education. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire hosted in Google Forms platform and publicized on Instagram® and Facebook®. The questionnaire was available between July 8-27, 2020. Absolute and relative frequencies were obtained for variables of interest using Pearson’s chi-squared and considering 95% confidence intervals. Prevalence of learning resource variables according to self-reported skin color, educational institution, and Brazilian region were presented using equiplots. Results A total of 1,050 undergraduate dental students answered the questionnaire. Most students reported being in full-distance learning mode. Among the undergraduate students, 65.4% reported perceiving a very high impact in dental education, and 16.6% of students reported not being able to follow distance learning. In addition, 14% reported not having a personal laptop or desktop to study with, with this condition being more prevalent among non-white than white individuals. Conclusion We conclude that Brazilian dental students perceived a high impact of COVID-19 on dental education, as well as one-sixth of the students reported not having adequate resources to continue with distance learning. It is important that different policies are developed at the institutional and governmental levels to reduce the impact of the pandemic on dental education.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cardiac surgeries in patients with previous infection by COVID-19 were suspended or postponed, which led to surgeries performed in patients with an advanced stage of their disease and an increase in the waiting list. There is a heterogeneous attitude in Latin America on the optimal timing to cardiac surgery in patients with previous COVID-19 infection due to scarce data on its outcome. Two Latin American associations joined to establish common suggestions on the optimal timing of surgery in patients with previous COVID-19 infection. Methods: Data collection was performed using a pre-established form, which included year of publication, objective, type of study (prospective/retrospective, descriptive/analytical), number of patients, year of study, waiting time between infection and surgery, type of surgery, morbidity, mortality, and conclusions regarding the association between mortality and morbidity. Final recommendations were approved by the board of directors of Latin American Association of Cardiac and Endovascular Surgery (LACES) and Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies (CLASA). Results: Of the initial 1,016 articles, 11 comprised the final selection. Only six of them included patients who underwent cardiac surgery. According to the analyzed literature, optimal timing for cardiac surgery needs to consider the following aspects: deferable surgery, symptomatic COVID-19 infection, completeness of COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: These recommendations derive from the analysis of the scarce literature published at present on outcomes after cardiac surgery in patients with previous COVID-19 infection. These are to be taken as a dynamic recommendation in which Latin American reality was taken into consideration.

Abstract Infectious mononucleosis (MI) is a generally benign and self-limited condition in childhood and adolescence due to the primary EBV infection characterized by the triad of pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathies. The risk of complications increases with age and immunosuppression. The most frequent fatal complications are those associated with splenic rupture, neurological alterations, and airway obstruction due to increased tonsillar size. Cervical abscesses associated with MI are rare, being mostly peritonsillar and intra-tonsil. We present two surgical cases of big deep cervical abscesses with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal involvement in healthy very young adolescents (14 and 15 years old), without any type of immunosuppression or risk factors, one of them associated with a clinically relevant spontaneous tonsillar bleeding, which had not been described in the literature associated with MI in such young patient.

Resumen La mononucleosis infecciosa (MI) es un cuadro clínico generalmente benigno y autolimitado en la infancia y adolescencia debido a la primoinfección del virus de Epstein-Barr caracterizado por la triada de faringitis, fiebre y adenopatías. El riesgo de complicaciones aumenta con la edad y la inmunosupresión, siendo las complicaciones letales más frecuentes las asociadas a rotura esplénica, alteraciones neurológicas y obstrucción de la vía aérea por el aumento del tamaño amigdalar. Los abscesos cervicales asociados a MI son poco frecuentes, siendo mayoritariamente periamigdalinos e intraamigdalares. Presentamos dos casos quirúrgicos de abscesos cervicales profundos de gran tamaño con afectación retrofaríngea y parafaríngea en adolescentes sanos de corta edad (14 y 15 años), sin ningún tipo de inmunosupresión o factores de riesgo, uno de ellos asociado además, a una relevante hemorragia amigdalar espontanea, condición no descrita previamente en la literatura en relación a MI en un paciente tan joven.

Resumen Aunque el consumo de marihuana es altamente prevalente entre universitarios de Argentina, poco se sabe respecto a los factores que permiten distinguir a los consumidores frecuentes de marihuana de quienes consumen esporádicamente. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se indagó sobre las posibles variaciones en los contextos de consumo, motivos de consumo, normas percibidas y estrategias conductuales de protección entre universitarios con consumo frecuente o esporádico de marihuana, y se analizó la utilidad de este conjunto de variables para distinguir entre estos los tipos de consumidores mencionados. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 1083 estudiantes universitarios argentinos que completó una encuesta en línea sobre el consumo de sustancias. En particular, este trabajo se realizó con la submuestra que reportó consumir marihuana en los últimos 30 días (n = 158; 51.3 % mujeres). Dicha encuesta interrogaba sobre el consumo de marihuana y las consecuencias negativas asociadas, así como por motivos de consumo, normas sociales percibidas y estrategias conductuales de protección. Como resultado, los consumidores frecuentes presentaron mayor cantidad de consecuencias negativas (M = 4.92) que los consumidores esporádicos (M = 1.82; p < .05), y se halló un perfil distintivo en un conjunto de variables. A nivel multivariado, los motivos de animación (OR = 1.230; p < .05), las estrategias conductuales de protección (OR = .941; p < .05), el consumo en solitario (OR = 2.024; p < .05) y el consumo en fiestas universitarias (OR = 2.669; p < .05) discriminaron significativamente entre ambas clases de consumidores. En general, los hallazgos revelaron subpoblaciones heterogéneas de consumidores de marihuana que difieren no solo en el consumo y sus consecuencias, sino también en los contextos de consumo y en un conjunto de variables relevantes. Estas subpoblaciones distintivas requieren de intervenciones diferentes y específicas.

Abstract Although marijuana use is highly prevalent among university students in Argentina, little is known about the factors that distinguish frequent marijuana users from sporadic users. For this reason, the present study investigated the possible variations in the contexts of consumption, motives for consumption, perceived norms, and protective behavioral strategies among university students with frequent or sporadic marijuana use, and analyzed the usefulness of this set of variables to distinguish between these two types of users. For this purpose, a sample of 1083 Argentine university students completed an online survey on substance use. In particular, this work was conducted with the subsample that reported using marijuana in the last 30 days (n = 158; 51.3 % female). The survey asked about marijuana use and associated negative consequences, as well as motives for use, perceived social norms, and protective behavioral strategies. As a result, frequent users had a higher number of negative consequences (M = 4.92) than sporadic users (M = 1.82; p < .05), and a distinctive profile was found on a set of variables. At the multivariate level, cheerleading motives (OR = 1.230; p < .05), protective behavioral strategies (OR = .941; p < .05), solo use (OR = 2.024; p < .05), and college party use (OR = 2.669; p < .05) discriminated significantly between the two classes of users. Overall, the findings revealed heterogeneous subpopulations of marijuana users that differ not only in use and its consequences, but also in contexts of use and in a set of relevant variables. These distinct subpopulations require different and specific interventions.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores hospitalares e suas repercussões, antes e após a implantação do Núcleo Interno de Regulação, no número de internações mensais em hospital universitário público. Método Pesquisa avaliativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso desenvolvida em hospital universitário público. Foram mensurados 28 indicadores relacionados à estrutura, produção, produtividade e qualidade, que integram o referencial de Benchmarking interno. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão múltipla para identificar os fatores independentes e associados ao número de internações mensais com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A implantação do Núcleo aumentou significativamente (p<0,001) o número de altas, o fator de utilização e índice de renovação dos leitos, internação de urgência, porcentagem de ocupação dos leitos, procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados e média de paciente-dia (p=0,027). Houve redução (p<0,001) no número de atendimentos no pronto socorro médico, obstétrico e ortopédico, nas taxas de infecção hospitalar e de mortalidade infantil, bem como na diminuição média de permanência de 0,81/dia, aproximadamente um dia a menos de internação por paciente, ou um ganho de 40 leitos disponíveis ao mês. Conclusão Embora o número de leitos disponíveis tenha sido menor no período pós-implantação, o intervalo de substituição de leitos reduziu, representando o aumento de mais 40 leitos ao mês devido à diminuição do tempo de permanência dos pacientes na instituição.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the hospital indicators and their repercussions on the number of monthly admissions to a public university hospital, before and after implementing the Internal Regulation Center. Method An evaluative research study, of the Case Study type, developed in a public university hospital. A total of 28 indicators related to structure, production, productivity and quality were measured, which are part of internal Benchmarking. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple regression to identify the independent factors and those associated with the number of monthly hospitalizations with 95% confidence intervals. Results Implementation of the Center significantly increased (p<0.001) the number of discharges, the bed utilization factor and the bed renewal rate, emergency hospitalization, bed occupancy percentage, surgical procedures performed and the patient-day mean value (p=0.027). There was a reduction (p<0.001) in the number of visits to the medical, obstetric and orthopedic emergency room, in the rates of in-hospital infection and infant mortality, as well as a mean reduction of 0.81/day, approximately one day less of hospitalization per patient, or a gain of 40 available beds per month. Conclusion Although the number of available beds was lower in the post-implementation period, the bed replacement interval was reduced, representing an increase of 40 more beds per month due to the reduction in the patients’ length of stay in the institution.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los indicadores hospitalarios y sus repercusiones, antes y después de la implantación del Centro Interno de Regulación, sobre el número de internaciones mensuales en un hospital universitario público. Método Investigación evaluativa, del tipo Estudio de Caso, desarrollada en un hospital universitario público. Se midieron 28 indicadores relacionados con la estructura, producción, productividad y calidad, que forman parte del Benchmarking interno. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y regresión múltiple para identificar factores independientes y asociados con el número de hospitalizaciones mensuales con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados La implantación del Centro incrementó significativamente (p<0,001) el número de altas, el factor de utilización y tasa de renovación de camas, la hospitalización de urgencia, el porcentaje de ocupación de camas, los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados y el promedio de pacientes/día (p =0,027). Se registró una reducción (p<0,001) en el número de las consultas de emergencias médicas, obstétricas y ortopédicas, en las tasas de infección hospitalaria y mortalidad infantil, además de una disminución promedio de la estancia del 0,81/día, aproximadamente un día menos de hospitalización por paciente, o 40 camas disponibles más mes. Conclusión Aunque el número de camas disponibles fue menor en el período posterior a la implantación, el intervalo de sustitución de camas se redujo, lo que representó un aumento de 40 camas más por mes debido a la disminución de la estancia de los pacientes en la institución.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is among the major pathogens involved in food poisoning, and meat contaminated with S. aureus coagulase positive is considered a public health risk because the bacterium is resistant to several conventional antimicrobials. Mycocins are substances produced by yeasts that secrete glycoproteins, which can also be called toxin killers, they have an inhibitory action on other microorganisms. The Wickerhamomyces anomalus, is one of the microorganisms capable of producing these mycocins, resulting in the action of disturbances on the cell wall of the pathogen causing deleterious effects. This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the mycocins produced by W. anomalus WA45 against the 29 strains of S. aureus coagulase positive isolated from bovine, porcine and chicken meat and 1 standard strain. The antimicrobial action of the mycocins present on the culture supernatant of W. anomalus WA45 was tested by microdilution and the results were satisfactory, since 100% inhibition of strains of S. aureus coagulase positive. We concluded that the mycocins present in the supernatant of W. anomalus WA45 showed antimicrobial action, being candidates for the development of new products for the biocontrol and bioconservation of meat.

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is expected to more than double by 2050. Studies on the pathophysiology of AD have been changing our understanding of this disorder and setting a new scenario for drug development and other therapies. Concepts like the “amyloid cascade” and the “continuum of AD,” discussed in this article, are now well established. From updated classifications and recommendations to advances in biomarkers of AD, we aim to critically assess the literature on AD, addressing new definitions and challenges that emerged from recent studies on the subject. Updates on the status of major clinical trials are also given, and future perspectives are discussed.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 242 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário da Região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a junho de 2018, por meio de um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional e o Questionário para Avaliação da Violência no Trabalho Sofrida ou Testemunhada por Trabalhadores de Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados A prevalência de violência física foi de 20,2%; de abuso verbal, 59,1%; e a de assédio sexual foi de 12,8%. Os fatores associados à violência física foram ser testemunha de agressão física ocupacional (p<0,001; ORajustado: 5,757) e relacionamento interpessoal ruim (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,172); ao abuso verbal, ser testemunha de violência verbal no ambiente de trabalho (p<0,001; ORajustado: 11,699), ser vítima de violência física (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,336) e falta de reconhecimento profissional (p=0,004; ORajustado: 0,361); e ao assédio sexual, ser testemunha desse tipo de assédio (p=0,030; ORajustado: 3,422), ser vítima de abuso verbal (p=0,031; ORajustado: 3,116), trabalhar no turno noturno (p=0,036; ORajustado: 0,396) e idade mais jovem (p=0,001; ORajustado: 0,924). Conclusão A equipe de enfermagem foi vítima de diferentes tipos de violência no trabalho e associaram-se a ela, principalmente, os fatores ocupacionais, como testemunhar a violência ocupacional.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with occupational violence among members of the nursing team. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted with a sample of 242 nursing professionals from a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. The data were collected from January to June of 2018, using a sociodemographic and occupational characterization questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for assessing violence in work suffered or witnessed by nursing staff. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions. Results The prevalence of physical violence was 20.2%; verbal abuse 59.1%; and sexual harassment, 12.8%. The factors associated with physical violence were: being a witness to physical occupational aggression (p<0.001; ORadjusted: 5.757), and, poor interpersonal relationships (p=0.043; ORadjusted: 2.172). Factors related to verbal abuse were: being a witness to verbal violence in the work environment (p<0.001; ORadjusted: 11.699), being a victim of physical violence (p=0.043; ORadjusted: 2.336); and, lack of professional recognition (p=0.004; ORadjusted: 0.361). Factors related to sexual harassment were: being a witness to this type of harassment (p=0.030; ORadjusted: 3.422), being a victim of verbal abuse (p=0.031; ORadjusted: 3.116); working during the night shift (p=0.036; ORadjusted: 0.396); and, being of a younger age (p=0.001; ORadjusted: 0.924). Conclusion Members of the nursing team were victims of different modes of workplace violence, associated mainly with occupational factors, such as witnessing occupational violence.

Resumen Objetivo identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral en el equipo de enfermería. Métodos se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con una muestra de 242 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario de la región sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a junio de 2018, por medio de un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y laboral y el Cuestionario para Evaluación de la Violencia Laboral Sufrida o Presenciada por Trabajadores de Enfermería. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados la prevalencia de violencia física fue de 20,2%; de acoso verbal, 59,1%; y de acoso sexual, 12,8%. Los factores asociados a la violencia física fueron: presenciar agresión física laboral (p<0,001; ORajustado: 5,757) y mala relación interpersonal (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,172); al acoso verbal: presenciar violencia verbal en el ambiente de trabajo (p<0,001; ORajustado: 11,699), ser víctima de violencia física (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,336) y falta de reconocimiento personal (p=0,004; ORajustado: 0,361); y al acoso sexual: presenciar este tipo de acoso (p=0,030; ORajustado: 3,422), ser víctima de acoso verbal (p=0,031; ORajustado: 3,116), trabajar en el turno nocturno (p=0,036; ORajustado: 0,396) y edad más joven (p=0,001; ORajustado: 0,924). Conclusión el equipo de enfermería fue víctima de diferentes tipos de violencia laboral, a la que se asocia, principalmente, los factores laborales, como presenciar violencia laboral.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with occupational violence among members of the nursing team. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted with a sample of 242 nursing professionals from a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. The data were collected from January to June of 2018, using a sociodemographic and occupational characterization questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for assessing violence in work suffered or witnessed by nursing staff. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions. Results The prevalence of physical violence was 20.2%; verbal abuse 59.1%; and sexual harassment, 12.8%. The factors associated with physical violence were: being a witness to physical occupational aggression (p<0.001; ORadjusted: 5.757), and, poor interpersonal relationships (p=0.043; ORadjusted: 2.172). Factors related to verbal abuse were: being a witness to verbal violence in the work environment (p<0.001; ORadjusted: 11.699), being a victim of physical violence (p=0.043; ORadjusted: 2.336); and, lack of professional recognition (p=0.004; ORadjusted: 0.361). Factors related to sexual harassment were: being a witness to this type of harassment (p=0.030; ORadjusted: 3.422), being a victim of verbal abuse (p=0.031; ORadjusted: 3.116); working during the night shift (p=0.036; ORadjusted: 0.396); and, being of a younger age (p=0.001; ORadjusted: 0.924). Conclusion Members of the nursing team were victims of different modes of workplace violence, associated mainly with occupational factors, such as witnessing occupational violence.

Resumen Objetivo identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral en el equipo de enfermería. Métodos se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con una muestra de 242 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario de la región sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a junio de 2018, por medio de un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y laboral y el Cuestionario para Evaluación de la Violencia Laboral Sufrida o Presenciada por Trabajadores de Enfermería. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados la prevalencia de violencia física fue de 20,2%; de acoso verbal, 59,1%; y de acoso sexual, 12,8%. Los factores asociados a la violencia física fueron: presenciar agresión física laboral (p<0,001; ORajustado: 5,757) y mala relación interpersonal (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,172); al acoso verbal: presenciar violencia verbal en el ambiente de trabajo (p<0,001; ORajustado: 11,699), ser víctima de violencia física (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,336) y falta de reconocimiento personal (p=0,004; ORajustado: 0,361); y al acoso sexual: presenciar este tipo de acoso (p=0,030; ORajustado: 3,422), ser víctima de acoso verbal (p=0,031; ORajustado: 3,116), trabajar en el turno nocturno (p=0,036; ORajustado: 0,396) y edad más joven (p=0,001; ORajustado: 0,924). Conclusión el equipo de enfermería fue víctima de diferentes tipos de violencia laboral, a la que se asocia, principalmente, los factores laborales, como presenciar violencia laboral.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 242 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário da Região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a junho de 2018, por meio de um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional e o Questionário para Avaliação da Violência no Trabalho Sofrida ou Testemunhada por Trabalhadores de Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados A prevalência de violência física foi de 20,2%; de abuso verbal, 59,1%; e a de assédio sexual foi de 12,8%. Os fatores associados à violência física foram ser testemunha de agressão física ocupacional (p<0,001; ORajustado: 5,757) e relacionamento interpessoal ruim (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,172); ao abuso verbal, ser testemunha de violência verbal no ambiente de trabalho (p<0,001; ORajustado: 11,699), ser vítima de violência física (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,336) e falta de reconhecimento profissional (p=0,004; ORajustado: 0,361); e ao assédio sexual, ser testemunha desse tipo de assédio (p=0,030; ORajustado: 3,422), ser vítima de abuso verbal (p=0,031; ORajustado: 3,116), trabalhar no turno noturno (p=0,036; ORajustado: 0,396) e idade mais jovem (p=0,001; ORajustado: 0,924). Conclusão A equipe de enfermagem foi vítima de diferentes tipos de violência no trabalho e associaram-se a ela, principalmente, os fatores ocupacionais, como testemunhar a violência ocupacional.

Resumo O artigo analisa aspectos do surgimento e desenvolvimento de uma abordagem marxista na Educação Física brasileira. Para tanto, procura em primeiro lugar, reconstruir o percurso do conceito cultura corporal da Europa para o Brasil. Alinhando-se aos debates e tensões da Guerra Fria, tal abordagem chega ao país em concorrência e correspondência com outros, como cultura de movimento e cultura corporal de movimento. Isso tudo compõe o Movimento Renovador em Educação Física, cuja resposta principal é a consecução de uma Educação Física crítica, no contexto de redemocratização. A seguir, o trabalho comenta brevemente o tema do corpo e sua educação em Marx e Gramsci, e examina alguns aspectos do conceito de cultura corporal em visada interna ao próprio marxismo. Finalmente, aponta-lhe um défice dialético e sugere, ainda nos marcos de Marx, possibilidades de interpretação e proposição da educação do corpo.

Abstract This paper analyzes aspects of the emergence and development of a Marxist approach in Brazilian Physical Education. For this purpose, it firstly reconstructs the course of the concept body culture from Europe to Brazil. Aligning with the Cold War debates and tensions, such an approach reaches the country in competition and correspondence with others, such as movement culture and movement body culture. This all makes up the Renewing Movement in Physical Education, whose main answer is the achievement of a critical Physical Education, in the context of redemocratization. In the following, the paper briefly comments on the theme of the body and its education by Marx and Gramsci, and examines some aspects of the concept of body culture in an internal view of Marxism itself. Finally, it points to a dialectical deficit and suggests, even in the framework of Marx, possibilities for interpretation and proposition of body education.

Resumen El artículo analiza aspectos del surgimiento y desarrollo de un enfoque marxista en la educación física brasileña. Con este fin, busca, en primer lugar, reconstruir el curso del concepto de cultura corporal desde Europa hasta Brasil. En línea con los debates y tensiones de la Guerra Fría, este enfoque llega al país en competencia y correspondencia con otros, como la cultura de movimiento y la cultura corporal de movimiento. Todo esto constituye el Movimiento Renovador en Educación Física, cuya respuesta principal es el logro de una Educación Física crítica, en el contexto de la redemocratización. A continuación, el artículo comenta brevemente el tema del cuerpo y su educación en Marx y Gramsci, y examina algunos de los aspectos del concepto de cultura corporal en una visión interna del propio marxismo. Finalmente, le señala un déficit dialéctico y sugiere, incluso en el marco de Marx, posibilidades de interpretación y proposición de educación corporal.

ABSTRACT The influence of fasting and vaccination against infectious bronchitis (IB) on growth, gastrointestinal development, and morphometric parameters of the small intestine of newborn broiler breeders was investigated. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), gastrointestinal visceral growth, residual yolk sac, and morphometric parameters of the small intestine were measured in chicks aged up to 21 d. We showed that WG was lowest in chicks exposed to longer fasting periods (72 h), although compensatory gains with increasing age were also observed. Unvaccinated chicks performed better at seven days; however, at 21 d of age, a compensatory response led to better FCR in vaccinated birds. Allometric growth of the gastrointestinal tract was affected following longer fasting periods, but this effect occurred predominantly in younger birds (three days). Compared with non-fasted, birds fasted for 72 h had lower villus height and crypt depth along the small intestine at three days and lower villus height in the duodenum and jejunum at seven days. However, at 14 and 21 days of age, the previous changes in intestinal morphology imposed by fasting had been offset. The IB vaccine, applied in the first day of life, does not affect the allometric growth of the gastrointestinal organs, but causes momentary loss in the intestinal morphometry, which contributes to the reduction of WG at seven days. Our results suggest that long fasting periods after hatching (48 and 72 h) should be avoided in broiler breeders due to the resulting delay in gastrointestinal organ development and growth impairment up to 21 d of life.

In the Pampas region of Argentina, the simplification of agroecosystems has caused the decrease of ecosystem services, resulting in the loss of resources, and affecting soil quality. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of agriculturization in different environments (sub-humid and semi-arid) of the Pampean region, by means of biological indicators and soil organic carbon. During 2013, 2014 and 2015, sites in Río Cuarto, Rafael García, Manfredi and Marcos Juárez of the province of Córdoba, and Villa Mercedes corresponding to the province of San Luis were evaluated. At each location, soil sampling was carried out at a reference site and in different crop sequences. The parameters evaluated were microbial biomass carbon (CBM), microbial respiration (RM), metabolic coefficient (qCO2), enzymatic activities of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), acid phosphatase (FA) and dehydrogenase (DHG), total organic carbon (COT) soil and microbial coefficient (qMic). The obtained results expressed that the most significant indicators were CBM and COT, together with the enzymes FDA and FA since they registered significant differences between treatments at most sites. In general, these indicators allowed differentiating pristine soils from those with anthropic use. In turn, the differences between soil quality indexes were significant and higher for natural situations, with no differences between crop sequences.

En la región Pampeana Argentina, la simplificación de los agroecosistemas ha ocasionado la disminución de los servicios ecosistémicos, resultando en la pérdida de recursos, y afectando la calidad del suelo. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la agriculturización en diferentes ambientes (subhúmedos y semiáridos) de la región Pampeana, mediante indicadores biológicos y el carbono orgánico edáfico. Durante 2013, 2014 y 2015, se evaluaron sitios correspondientes a las localidades de Río Cuarto, Rafael García, Manfredi y Marcos Juárez de la provincia de Córdoba, y un sitio en Villa Mercedes provincia de San Luis. En cada localidad se realizó un muestreo de suelo en un sitio de referencia y en diferentes secuencias de cultivos. Los parámetros evaluados fueron carbono de biomasa microbiana (CBM), respiración microbiana (RM), coeficiente metabólico (qCO2), actividades enzimáticas de hidrólisis del diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA), fosfatasa ácida (FA) y deshidrogenasa (DHG), carbono orgánico total (COT) del suelo y coeficiente microbiano (qMic). Los resultados obtenidos expresaron que las variables más relevantes para actuar como indicadores de calidad de suelo fueron CBM y COT, junto a las enzimas FDA y FA, ya que registraron en la mayoría de los sitios diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. En general esos indicadores permitieron diferenciar los suelos de monte nativo respecto de los de uso antrópico. A su vez, los valores obtenidos mediante la aplicación del índice de calidad de suelos fueron significativamente mayores en las situaciones naturales, sin observarse diferencias entre las secuencias de cultivos.