Abstract This work proposes an artifact oriented by Design Science (DS) methods for measuring the degree of boldness in business social actors, especially entrepreneurs and businesspeople. To construct the artifact, the work of Eysenck and Wilson (1975) was used. The methodological approach used was Design Science, as the present object of study is considered an information artifact and, as such, has functions of data processing, reducing entropy (vision of syntax), forming meaning (vision of representation), and achieving viability (vision of adaptation). To ensure the validity of the study, a sample of users made up of 30 organizational psychologists was used, selected by convenience. The results demonstrated that using the artifact allows to measure entrepreneurs’ degree of boldness, affording them greater assertiveness in choosing and structuring their business. The study has a number of implications for managerial practice since by using the artifact it is possible to measure an entrepreneur’s degree of boldness and allow more assertive choices and structuring of their business, all the while reducing the rate of micro and small businesses that die early. In the academic field, the artifact will enable research on the degree of boldness of businesspeople with diverse other organizational variables.

We report here the first case of endocarditis due to CA-MRSA not associated with healthcare contact in Brazil in Brazil. A previously healthy patient presented with history of endocarditis following a traumatic wound infection. Patient had multiple positive blood cultures within 72 h of admission and met modified Duke's criterion for infective endocarditis. The isolate was typed as Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type IV and was positive for presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Increased incidence of CA-MRSA endocarditis is a challenge for the internist to choose the best empirical therapy. Several authors have suggested an empirical therapy with both a beta-lactam and an anti-MRSA agent for serious S. aureus infections. Our patient was treated with Vancomycin and made complete recovery in 3 months.

O abscesso hipofisário representa uma patologia rara, que, contudo, deve ser considerada na avaliação das massas selares, uma vez que o seu prognóstico depende da drenagem cirúrgica e do uso de antibióticos específicos. A principal manifestação clínica é cefaléia crônica e nem sempre está associada à identificação de um foco infeccioso, o que diminui a probabilidade da sua inclusão nas hipóteses diagnósticas. Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente com abscesso de hipófise e história pregressa de adenoma operado, cefaléia de início recente e hipopituitarismo adquirido, cujo diagnóstico inicial foi de apoplexia pituitária.

A pituitary abscess is a rare pathology, but it must be considered when evaluating sellar masses, since its prognosis depends on surgical drainage and on the use of specific antibiotics. The main clinical manifestation is chronic headache, and it is not always associated with the identification of a site of infection, which diminishes the probability of including it in diagnostic hypotheses. The case is presented of a patient with a pituitary abscess and a previous history of adenoma that had been operated on, recent onset headache and acquired hypopituitarism whose initial diagnosis was pituitary apoplexy.

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma chave dicotômica de identificação de pupas de Simuliidae com registro de ocorrência para o Sudeste do Brasil. Nós incluímos as 49 espécies que apresentam a pupa descrita. Na chave, além de caracteres comumente usados (e.g. número dos filamentos branquiais, forma do ápice e forma do casulo), foram usados caracteres não usuais (largura e comprimento relativos dos filamentos branquiais; disposição espacial das brânquias; proporção entre comprimento da brânquia e comprimento do casulo; presença e posição do assoalho do casulo). É possível diferenciar 70% das espécies de Simuliidae do Sudeste do Brasil usando apenas caracteres da pupa. Este estágio, muitas vezes, é o único do qual se obtém uma identificação precisa.

In this work is given a dichotomic identification key to pupae of Simuliidae recorded from Southeastern Region of Brazil. We included the 49 species which already have their pupae described. In the key, besides characters commonly used (e.g. number of gill filaments, shape of apex and shape of cocoon), we used unusual characters (relative width and length of gill filaments; spacial configuration of gills; proportion of gill length to cocoon length; presence and position of cocoon floor). It is possible to recognize 70% of Simuliidae species from Southeastern Region of Brazil only using pupae characters. Often, this is the unique stage which one can access a precise identification of the species.

É descrito o caso de uma paciente submetida a derivação ventrículo-peritoneal em que foi observada expectoração de líquido cefalorraqueano, como complicação.

A child, who had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunting, presented with repeated episodes of pneumonia and expectoration of CSF. Chest x-ray demonstrated the presence of the shunt catheter in the base of the left lung. In the present case the distal end of the catheter perfored the diaphragm, entering the thoracic cavity through the pleura and penetrating the pulmonary parenchyma. CSF then flowed freely into the alveoli and bronchi and became expectorated during repeated bousts of coughing associated with pneumonia. This respiratory complication disappeared after the removal of the catheter. We theorize that the penetration of the catheter into the thoracic cavity was secundary to its displacement from the iliac fossa to the left infradiaphragmatic space between the spleen and the diaphragm where the intra-abdominal pressure is lowest. The respiratory movements and the hypertension inside the abdomen created a constant friction of the catheter against the diaphragm which was finally perforated, permitting the passage of the peritoneal end of the shunting device into the thoracic cavity and secundary penetration of the lung.

São estudados dois pacientes com hidrocéfalo hipertensivo que apresentaram, no curso de sua doença, sindrome de Parinaud. Em ambos os casos o exame ventriculográfico, com contraste positivo, demonstrou a existência de dilatação cística do recesso suprapineal que foi imputada como causa da sindrome deficitária oculomotora. A literatura concernente é revisada, tendo sido salientada a importância da investigação radiológica cuidadosa da porção posterior do III ventriculo em pacientes com hipertensão endocraniana e síndrome de Parinaud. É comentado o diagnóstico radiológico diferencial. A importância do uso de válvulas corretamente manufaturadas e que coincidam com as especificações do seu fabricante é discutida.

The cases of two patients with hypertensive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome are reported. In both cases the ventriculographic studies showed a cystic expansion of the suprapineal recess. The upward gaze palsy was related with the expansion of the suprapineal recess. The radiological study of the posterior portion of the third ventricle in these cases is recomended. The use of inadequate devices in these situations may cause the worsing of the patient.